A tarayya ilimi dokar a Rasha Federation: articles, abun ciki da kuma comments

Dokar kan ilimi a Rasha Federation - Dokar 273, haƙĩƙa, sun shige ta Jihar Duma a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2012, shi cikakken shirya ilimi a cikin kasar. Domin da shugabannin makarantun, wannan daftarin aiki ne zance littafin, wani irin Littafi Mai Tsarki, wanda aka bukata sani da matužar bin duk da kayan abinci. Yana da kyawawa da cewa iyaye biyu da kuma dalibai na daban-daban makarantun ma ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga asali tanade-tanaden dokar.

Abin baƙin ciki, a daya labarin ba shi yiwuwa a yi fitar a daki-daki, duk da Attaura, ta kowane batu. Za mu bincika da key, mafi muhimmanci arziki da zai iya taimaka masu yawa masu amfani da ilimi da sabis, t. Don. Tarayya Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" da ake amfani a kindergartens, makarantu, kolejoji da jami'o'i, da sauransu.

asali Concepts

Ilimi - guda m aiwatar da tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi daga cikin mutum, da totality daga cikin ilimin da suka samu, basira, kwarewa, kyawawan dabi'u, halaye. Manufar - samuwar da cikakkiyar sifa jama'a tare da babban ilimi, ta jiki da al'adu, ta ruhaniya, da halin kirki ci gaba.

Yana da wani kuskure to yi imani da cewa ilimi shi ne kawai don bayani. A nan mun yi aiki tare da ba daidai ba sharuddan.

Ilimi - m saye da ilmi da basira.

Ilimi - wani tsari da nufin a ruhaniya da kuma halin kirki ci gaban da mutum, a sakamakon wanda ya kamata faruwa ci gaban kowa da dokoki da nagartacce.

Ilimi ya hada horo (saye da ilmi da basira), da ilimi (ci gaban kowa nagartacce), da kuma ta jiki ci gaba.

Malami: ra'ayi, bukatun ga ilimi

Koyar da ma'aikacin - wani mutum wanda ya daukawa fitar da ilimi tsari. Ya mai aiki da ilimi da kungiyar aikin wasu aikinsu a musayar Hakkin. Kafin FZ Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" da aka soma, ya ba a majalisu matakin duk hane-hane ga shan a kan matsayi na malami ne a wata makaranta, a kindergarten malami. A makaranta, shi ne quite al'ada zuwa ga mutumin da malami, wanda kansa kawai gama da shi a cikin saboda lokaci. A babu sana'a sandarsa, low albashi na malamai, 'yan mutane tafiya a cikin pedagogical jami'o'i. Ƙara don matsalar ne sosai low yawan masu digiri suka yanke shawarar zuwa danganta rayukansu tare da makarantu.

Yau da halin da ake ciki ne daban-daban: da dokar "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" Yana tabbatar da haramta tafiyar a cikin koyarwa da ayyukan ga mutane waɗanda basu da ya dace cancantar. A Art. 46 na Dokar baro-baro ya tanadi cewa da hakkin ya kasance wani ma'aikaci ilimi shi ne wani mutum wanda ya kammala musamman sakandare ko mafi girma ilimi ma'aikata. Ilimi shi kadai bai isa ba. Yana zai zama dole ma ga wuce wani ƙarin specialization "Pedagogy", idan jami'a ko kolejoji ba su koyar da nema.

Daftarin aiki a kan ilimi

A Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" unshi da bayar da goyon bayan takardu (takardar shaidar, diploma) ga nassi na wadannan matakan ilimi:

1. Basic general.
2. Ma'anar total.
3. Harufan sana'a.
4. Daga cikin masu sana'a.
5. Higher Education - turuzu.
6. Mafi girma ilimi - fannoni.
7. Higher Education - Masters.

A tsarin ilimi

A Law "A Ilimi na Rasha Federation" (latest version) ya ƙunshi matsayi na babban aka gyara a guda tsarin ilimi:

1. Gwamnatin tarayya matsayin da ka'idoji - shi ne normative takardu wanda ake bukata don gudanar da wani ilimi da ayyukan makarantu, cibiyoyin, kolejoji, da dai sauransu ba kome matsayi na ilimi kungiyar :. Commercial, kasafin kudi, breech - idan yana da wani lasisi don en, da dacewa takardu, shi ne wajibi a gudanar da wani horo nagartacce-tushen.
2. Da nan da nan aiwatar da ilimi: makarantu, koyarwa ma'aikatan, dalibai, doka wakilan.
3. Gwamnatin tarayya jikinsu, gwamnatin abokai wajen yin iko. Babban rawa nasa ne Tarayya Jama'a Service for Duba a Education (Rosobrnadzor). A cikin yankunan, wannan aiki da aka yi da ma'aikatar ilimi yankuna. Su kula da aiwatar da jihar nagartacce a makarantun.
4. Kungiyoyin bayar da ilimi da ayyukan. A cikin yankunan da kasafin kudin da kudi na makarantu da hannu a cikin samuwar yankin kwamitocin. Sun kuma gudanar da kima ayyuka a cikin ƙasa karkashin iko da dukkan makarantu.
5. Associations na halitta ko doka mutane tsunduma a ilimi da ayyukan. A daukan hankali misali ne ƙungiyar na malamai.

Da manufofin gwamnatin tarayya nagartacce

Tarayya Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" key wuri ne da aka ba ta da gwamnatin tarayya matsayin. Sun yi da wadannan ayyuka:

1. The hadin kai na ilimi. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa a ko'ina cikin kasar, dalibai sama da wani m matakin na ilimi, wanda ke nufin daidaici da dama.
2. Ci. Duk da tsauri ci gaba da kuma gyara daga cikin tsarin ilimi, da gabatarwar sabon matsayin da bukatun, cikin key haƙiƙa - don kula da cin gaba. A kowace shekara ba za a iya hallakar da dukan tsarin saboda gajere siyasa ko tattalin arziki da riba.
3. Canzawa. Duk da hadin kai na ilimi a general, da doka a kan ilimi a Rasha gusar da mutuncin totalitarian tsarin hadin kai idan aka samu. Dangane da ikon, so, lokacin da, ƙirƙiri daban-daban zaɓuɓɓuka saboda cimma wasu ayyuka.
4. Tabbatace. Yana bi da cewa jihar iko da hadin kai na ilimi a ko'ina cikin kasar.

Iya koya a gida! siffofin horo

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin da Soviet mutum, amma Tarayya Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" na samar da horo ba kawai a makarantun. Mataki na ashirin da 17 ya bada jerin sunayen da m siffofin ilimi:

1. A al'adance - a cikin na musamman makarantun.
2. A madadin tsari - ne na musamman makarantun.

A al'adance ne zuwa kashi:

1. Full-lokaci.
2. Mu'amala.
3. Part-lokaci.

Distance ilmantarwa shi ne aka samun shahararsa a zamanin yau. A cikin shekaru da bayanai da fasaha ya zama gaskiya ziyartar gidajen tarihi, sinimomi, rare nune-nunen a wancan gefe na duniya ba tare da barin gida. Bayani da kuma fasahar sadarwa ta shiga da kuma horo.

A Law "A Ilimi na Rasha Federation" - da sabuwar doka. Duk da haka, ba emit nesa da ilimi a matsayin mai raba category. A almajiri ne a gida yin shirye domin mutum jadawalin, sauraren laccoci mugun, ta amfani da sadarwa tashoshi. Saboda haka, nesa da ilimi nasa ne da category na nesa koyo.

madadin fom

Child optionally aika zuwa makaranta yau su sami wani high school diploma. A Law "A Ilimi a Rasha Federation" damar domin irin wannan yiwuwar. Bugu da kari, a jihar allocates kudi don madadin siffofin ilimi ga kowane yaro.

iri

Samun takardar shaidar waje da makaranta ne zuwa kashi biyu iri:

1. Family ilimi.
2. Kai-da ilimi.

Family ilimi ya shafi koyo aiki shirya wani iyali. Yana da wani irin nau'i na gwamnati za ta biya diyya. Hakika, makaranta ne sosai m amsa to da shi. Wannan shi ne m: babu wanda yake so ya zama ba tare da wani paycheck. Shari'a yi ya nuna cewa kotunan su ne gaba daya a gefen iyaye. Average diyya da almajiri tsakiya da kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na game da 10 dubu. Rubles.

Matsalar yaro aiki don jawo hankalin kamar yadda cleaners

A wajibi a makaranta - wani hadisin cewa ya samu mu daga Soviet baya. Iyaye da yawa har yanzu ba su ga wani matsala a mopping yara a karkashin wajibi na makaranta. Duk da haka, Mataki na ashirin da 34 na Dokar musamman azurta parental yarda da irin wannan hannu da kananan yara aiki. Shin m azuzuwan a kan fasaha da kuma aiki horo. Shi ne a kan wadannan dalibai doka, daidai da gwamnatin tarayya shirye-shirye da ake bukata don kawo aiki: dinki, dafa abinci, woodwork. Komai - kawai a request daga iyaye.

sakamakon

Saboda haka, babban dokar cewa shirya fannin ba da ilmi, - Tarayya Law "A Ilimi na Rasha Federation." Kasidunsu dauke da bayanin irin kungiyar na ilimi tsari gogewar na} ananan hukumomi da kuma siffofin ilimi iri, dokoki na karshe takardar shaida da sauransu. A mafi ban sha'awa al'amurran da wannan dokar da muka tattauna a cikin labarin.