Battle Poltavskoe (takaice). A tarihin yakin Poltava

A lokacin rani na 1708 sojojin da Sweden karkashin umurnin Sarki Charles XII mamaye Rasha. A Rasha kudi, kome aka sani game da tsare-tsaren da yaƙin neman zaɓe shugabanci na Charles. Watakila ya zai shafe daga fuskar duniya St. Petersburg da kuma lashe indigenously Rasha asashe. Watakila shi ke zuwa gabas da kuma ta kamawa Moscow, zai zama akwai shibta da sharuddan da zaman lafiya.

Bitrus ya dade kokarin yin zaman lafiya tare da arewacin makwabta. Amma Karl XII kowane lokaci ƙaryata yayi Sarkin sarakuna, fata ya hallaka Rasha a matsayin kasar da kuma raba shi a cikin kananan talakansa sarauta. A lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, Karl XII canza ya tsare-tsaren, kuma ya jagoranci dakarun zuwa Ukraine. Akwai ya jira Hetman Mazepa, aminci ya ci amanar Rasha da kuma yanke shawarar yin hadin gwiwa tare da Swedes. Kasa da aka labarin yakin Poltava za a gabatar.

Traffic a Moscow

A Sweden sojojin da aka motsi sannu a hankali, da kuma Rasha mãsu bãyar da bãya, a kan hanyar shan tafi dabbobi, lalata guzuri da forage kuma gudãnar Zaseki cewa impede da motsi na da makiya. Peter yi imani da cewa wajibi ne a jinkirta da lokacin da hukunci yaƙi, da kuma kokarin sa saukar da makiya sojojin. Amma da karo faru. Yana ƙare a shan kashi na Rasha. Peter amfani da shi domin ilimi dalilai. Kuma cewa shi ne na karshe da nasara da Swedes a cikin tarihin da Great Arewa War.

M kuma yaudare sarki, gama wanda fagen fama ya fi ban sha'awa fiye da bukukuwa, da kuma sauti na manyan bindigogi da kuma nishinsu da rauni sun kasance music masa, bai gina a kan nasara, kuma ya jũya zuwa ga Mogilev. Ya jira wata daya domin reinforcements. Amma shi da aka jinkirta. Ba su kuwa sami ayarin da fodder, abinci, foda, kayan, kazalika da oda na 16 dubu mutane, Karl XII tafi Smolensk. Kusa da kauyen na Good wani gwagwarmaya a cikin abin da Swedes sha wahala asarar 1-2 dubu mutane, a Rasha, sun kasance sau goma kasa. Bitrus yana farin ciki kamar yadda wani yaro m basira na Rasha sojojin.

The motsi zuwa kudu

Smolensk Swedes abruptly canza shugabanci, da Bitrus ya zama sananne cewa su shi ne wani maraba ƙarfafa. Rasha sun kai masa hari. A sakamakon tsawo fadace-fadace a cikin swamps da Marshes ya asarar sojojin da Sweden na 8000 da sojoji, da kuma duk kayayyaki, wanda koro ayarin. Peter yaba da darajar da farko babban nasara - shi gabãta yakin Poltava. Kuma Karl, maimakon da sojoji da yawa samu 6700 ragamuffins, gaba daya demoralized. Don asarar jiki da kuma kaya Carl yana da damar zuwa rawar daji. Ya iya zuwa arewa kama Petersburg, iya gabas - zuwa fasa Moscow. Ukraine na uku shugabanci. Kuma a karshen, Carl ya iya daina wasa da rabo kuma zare jiki komawa zuwa ga ƙasar haihuwarsa, inda ya zo uninvited baƙo. Charles ya koma baya ba ya nufin su, hakan na nufin asarar da daukaka mai girma kwamandan. Saboda haka, kafin ta bude kawai up hanya kudu zuwa Mazepa. Kusan a shekara ya kasance har sai da kaye, wanda zai gabatar da yaƙi na Poltava.

Mazeppa

M Hetman gudanar ingratiate kansa warai to Menshikov da Bitrus. Duk da rahotanni cewa yana da wani mayaudari dangantaka da Poland da kuma Sweden, bãbu kõwa da ya bincika a hankali. Haka kuma, suna azabtar zuwa da kisan wadanda suke da ƙarfin hali gaya gaskiya, ambatawa tabbacin da. Kuma a lokacin da Mazepa gudu zuwa Buchanan da kuma jira Charles da kuma sojojinsa da tattalinsu, sai wa Bitrus shi ne a babban duka. Amma an amince da cewa sojojin Rasha suka kama Buchanan kafin nufo shi Charles. Mun ya hanzarta. Account ba ma a kan kwana da kuma a kowane lokaci. Menshikov, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, ya yi gaba.

Tawagar kutsa Baturin. Menshikov kawo duk abin da zan iya. Sauran ne kawai ƙone. Gabatowa da hearth, da Swedes bai samu abin da forage da abinci wadda yi wa'adi Mazepa. Kuma 30000th sojojin, wanda ya alkawarta wa sarki, Mazepa ya ba. Ya aka tare da wani kananan detachment na Cossacks, wanda ya lured kansa, alamar cewa za su yi yaƙi da abokan gaba. (Kuma har yanzu akwai wani yaƙi na Poltava, shi ake bukata karfi, wanda yanzu m.)

Winter a Ukraine

A hunturu ya kasance mai tsauri. Yaren mutanen Sweden sarki sojojin bukatar dumi hunturu bariki da kuma ya zauna a cikin abinci da kuma abinci ga dawakai. Maimakon haka, shi da aka kewaye da sojojin Rasha lokaci zuwa lokaci farmaki. Local mutane ne da ba su son a kama Katolika, suka tattaru a yaƙin kungiyoyin da ma ba ba sauran ga Swedes. Ta yaya za a Swedes halshen bude-iska sansani a mafi m sanyi. Army yawonta matakan, kokarin sami matsuguni da abinci da kuma hutawa. Kõwace alƙarya, suka hadu a kan hanya, ya wajaba don su kewaye, sun jawo asarar da, sau da yawa ri. The sojojin Filistiyawa ya watse. Kuma a watan Afrilu 1709 ja hankalin masu Charles Poltava. Ya ba su iya ɗauka cewa zai haifar a cikin yakin Poltava!

Poltava

Shi ne mai dabarun wuri. Yana yiwuwa a sauƙi connect da Crimean Khanate da kuma fita reinforcements. Shi ne m da kuma Karl da Bitrus. A Poltava, wanda aka kiyaye shi ta kawai oak ganuwar, located Rasha sojojin. Ya lambobin sun m - 4200 mutane. Charles kusanta ta da rundunar 35 000 mutane. Babu shakka, shi da jũna a gare shi cewa ya iya sauƙi mallaki wannan karamin sansanin soja. A watan Afrilu, o} arin karkashin hari a kan sansanin soja.

Su sau biyu gaza. Swedes tunanin da kuma yanke shawara in fara a kewaye. Amma taimako da aka riga aka yi sauri Poltava kananan Rasha sojojin doki - 7000 maza a karkashin umurnin K. E. Renne. A kewaye da Swedes a Poltava wuya da cewa shi aka sanya kai cikin Cossacks. Su aka tilasta gudanar da rami da kuma zafi Cossacks tunani shi ga kanka da wulakanci. Bugu da kari, da Swedes ba da makamai ga kewaye. Sai ƙungiyar sojojin da mazaunan a kananan garu castle. Ba su da tunani na ta mika wuya ga Swedes. Babu wanda ya san cewa sauran watanni uku kafin a fara Poltava yaƙi. 1709 zai sauka a cikin tarihi, da kuma a kan Yuli 10 za a yi bikin a matsayin ranar soja daukakar Rasha.

Shirya don su yi yaƙi

Yayin da Rasha gefen da aka shirya don wani muhimmin yaƙi, Poltava heroically kare. A birnin gudu manoma daga kauyuka, amma akwai bai isa ba abinci. Tuni a cikin May, mutane suka fara mutuwa saboda yunwa. Yana rasa nuclei, da kuma gun fara cajin cobblestones. Garrison saba yi da kona Swedish katako, gine-gine da tukwane cike da ruwan kwalta. Poltava shiga yi a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden kai hare-hare. karshe matsayin kasance m. Summer ya kara sabon damuwa. Saboda zafi a cikin nama da aka samu tsutsotsi, kuma ya zama m domin abinci. A burodi ya wuya da kuma a cikin kananan yawa. Babu wani gishiri. A rauni da sauri ɓullo da gangrene. Harsasai da aka jefa daga Rasha tsince a ƙasa gubar. Kuma duk rana bai daina Rasha bindigar. A Sweden sojojin da aka riga tikis, amma Peter zaton cewa shi ne bai isa ba.

Kula da Rasha umurnin

Rasha umurnin da sansanin soja taimake bi da. Nine sojoji sun iya samu shiga cikin sansanin. Tare da su, da sansanin soja ya bayyana da gunpowder da gubar. A farkon watan Yuni, jagorancin Boris Sheremetyev dukan Rasha sojojin sun taru a wani garu sansanin. Lokacin da daya daga cikin hare-hare na Rasha regiments aka saki fiye da dubu Rasha sojoji dauka fursuna da Swedes. Ba da da ewa sojojin zo, Bitrus.

Ta kasance a kan sauran gefen kogin. Soja Majalisar yanke shawarar gina wani jirgin fito da haye zuwa gefen inda akwai Poltava. Wannan ya yi. Kuma baya da Rasha, kamar yadda da zarar on da Kulikovo filin da aka kogi. (Battle of Poltava a 1709 zai faru sosai da ewa ba. A makonni biyu.)

Aiki a cikin Rasha sansanin

Army relentlessly samun ƙasa. Biyu sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu kare da m gandun daji, da raya - wani kogi da gadoji. Kafin baraden miƙa bayyana. Yana da aka daga a can, Bitrus kuwa yana jiran harin na Swedes. Akwai aka gina m Tsarin - redoubts. A wannan fili, da kuma zai zama yakin Poltava, wanda zai sauka a tarihin mu tare da irin wannan sauyi, a matsayin Battle na Ice, Kulikov, da kuma yakin Stalingrad.

Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi,

Kafin fadace-fadace, kawai kamar wata kwana da shi, Karl XII a ranar haihuwar aka rauni. Wannan ne shi, ba su samu for shekaru fada guda karce, waylaid Rasha harsashi. Ta buga diddige ya ratsa dukan kafa, shattering ƙasũsuwa. Shi ne har yanzu ba ya rage tsanani ga ambato na sarki, da kuma da dare a kan Yuni 27, suka kama yaƙi. Ya aka ba kama kashe-tsare Rasha. Menshikov tare da sojojin doki nan da nan lura da makiya motsi. Yaren mutanen Sweden dakaru manyan bindigogi suka harbe blank.

Hudu Swedish bindigogi akwai daruruwan mu. The magabaci ya kama hannun yaro. Menshikov ya okin ya yi yãƙi, tambayar reinforcements. Amma Bitrus ya kange ardor da kuma cire zuwa ga raya. A Swedes dauki wannan rawar daji na yi ritaya, ya gudu bayan da shi da kuma ba da gangan kusata da sansanin bindigogi. Su asarar mai girma.

Battle of Poltava, 1709 th shekara

A takwas da safe, Peter gina sojojin. A cikin cibiyar sa da dakaru, da manyan bindigogi tsakanin wanda gudamawar ko'ina. The sojojin doki ya kan sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu. Wannan shi ne shi - farkon hukunci yaƙi! Tara dukan ƙarfinsa, Charles jẽfa su a cikin cibiyar ta dakaru da ɗauka da sauƙi guga man. A counterattack Peter kansa ya jagoranci bataliya.

A kan sãsanninsu na Rasha sojojin doki garzaya. A manyan bindigogi ba su daina. Swedes, fadowa da kuma faduwa bindigar a babban yawa, samar da wani ruri cewa jũna a durkushe da katangu. Karkashin Menshikov kashe mutane biyu dawakai. Peter harbe hula. All filin Zavoloka hayaki. Swedes gudu a cikin tsoro. Charles tsince a kan hannayensa, kuma ya yi kokarin ci gaba da wani mahaukaci mãsu bãyar da bãya. Amma ba wanda aka saurãre. Sa'an nan sarki ya kansa ya zauna a cikin karusa da gudu zuwa Dnieper. More in Rasha, ba su gan shi.

A fagen yaƙi akwai fiye da dubu tara taba auku Swedes. Our asarar amounted zuwa kadan fiye da dubu. A nasara ya total da kuma mika wuyansu.

tsananta

A saurã daga sojojin da Sweden, da kuma shi ne 16 000 mutane, na gaba rana aka tsaya da kuma mika wuya ga masu cin nasara. A soja ƙarfin da Swedes aka har abada girgiza.

Idan ka ce shi ne yakin Poltava, a takaice, shi za a iya taƙaice a kalma daya - mai rabo cewa ya ɗaga high ra'ayi na Rasha a kasashen turai. A kasar ta zo da wani dogon hanya daga Rasha zuwa Rasha, kuma kammala shi a filin wasa na Poltava. Kuma saboda haka dole ne mu tuna abin da ya shekara yakin Poltava - daya daga cikin hudu mafi girma a tarihin kasar mu.