Cin gashin - siyasa sabon abu? Me ake nufi da mulkin kai?

Mene ne cin gashin? Wannan shi ne zalla siyasa lokaci, ko da wani sabon abu da zai iya faruwa a da dama sauran filayen? Mene ne alamun cin gashin?

Multiplicity na fassarori

Kalmar "cin gashin" ne sosai capacious. Shin wata falsafa fassarar shi - kasancewar wani musamman abu da dama ga zaman kanta rayuwa. Idan a kan m, muna da ake rubutu da wani heteronomy, watau babu alamun 'yancin kai. Akwai kuma siyasa fassarar da ambatacce, a lokacin da Authority - wani administrative (sau da yawa har ma da jihar) ilimi yana da ikon mallaka dangane da wasu batutuwa. Akwai zamantakewa sani wannan sabon abu - da mutum 'yancin kai daga wasu (mutane ko al'umma kungiyoyin). Akwai kuma wani m fassarar da ambatacce, idan sirri ci gaba auku ba tare da bayyane rinjayar wani factor.

Cin gashin - shi ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, batun ko sabon abu (bayyana). An misali na farko idan - kasa-al'adu cin gashin (ma'aikata tsara don ci gaba da wani yare), a karo na biyu - yankin cin gashin yana nufin 'yancin kai na wasu yankunan ko yankuna daga wasu.

Mulkin kai a cikin tarihi mahallin

Kalmar "cin gashin" a cikin harkokin siyasa muhimmanci na tarihi sani quite kwanan nan. Ya fiye ko žasa yadu fara da za a yi amfani da kawai a farkon karni na ashirin, fiye aiki - bayan yakin duniya na biyu. A Rasha, duk da haka, sabon abu na cin gashin an ba da karin da hankali. Isar da shi ake yi karatu a daki-daki, a Soviet sau da amfani a yi, a cikin halittar jihar cibiyoyin. Cin gashin wanzu, misali, a matsayin batutuwa na RSFSR. Suna gane, amma ba da mulki, amma aura ce kawai siyasa da kayan aiki na magana daga mulki na kabilun.

A RSFSR sun siyasa mulkin kai (ƙasar), kazalika da administrative (yankuna, gundumomi). Babban fasali na farko da aka ta nasu tsarin mulki, da kuma wani lokacin kabila, na biyu - wata m umarni ga gwamnatoci. Wannan irin administrative rabo ya kuma kasance a post-Soviet Rasha ta hanyoyi da yawa. Wannan tarihi kwarewa qaddara fitowan da kalmar nan "kasa cin gashin". Wannan sabon abu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya zama m batu na daban-daban na siyasa hasashe - biyu a Rasha da kuma a kasa da kasa fagen fama.

Mulkin kai: da Sin kwarewa

An misali na jihar, gudanar ya samu nasarar hada cikin sãsanninta dama kabilu, da dama daga waxanda suke da quite kama da juna a al'adance da kuma linguistically - Sin. Bisa ga tsarin mulki, kasar Sin ne kamfanin dake da wata jiha. Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gano 56 kabilun da suke zaune a kasar. The most of su - da kabilar Han. A sauran sassa aka kira kabilu. An albarkace su da wasu hakkoki a fagen siyasa kai gwamnati.

Inda kananan kabilu a kasar Sin rayuwa a cikin m kungiyoyin, kafa hukumomin kasar. Dangantaka tsakanin 'yan tsirarun kabilu da kuma Han Sin dogara ne a kan hadin kai, daidaito, da hadin kai na kasa, kazalika da yadda ya dace da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Ganin muhimmancin da GDP girma na kasar iya cewa samfurin na kasa da manufofin shi ne nasara. A mutunta mutane da yawa da shi ne a abin yabo daga cikin jam'iyya mai mulki ta kasar Sin - kwaminis. A cikin kwanaki kafin kwaminisanci da jama'ar kasar Sin ba zai iya zama sane da sabon abu na cin gashin kansu, abin da shi ne. A cikin ka'idojin girmama gida na kasa da bukatun tushen halin yanzu administrative tsarin da kasar.

Siyasa cin gashin: gwaninta na kasashe daban-daban

Cin gashin - shi ne, idan ka dauki siyasa mahallin, da 'yancin kai na yankuna a cikin jihar. Wannan sabon abu ne shika-shikan a dokar a wani yawan kasashen turai. Dauki, misali, Spain. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan kasa tana da wasu m abokai - da Basque Country, Andalusia, ko, ka ce: Shin, Catalonia. Akwai misalai na irin wannan wurare a Faransa (Corsica). A Finland, da m Aland Islands an albarkace su da.

A da kyau misali - Greenland, wanda shi ne de jure nasa ne Denmark, amma kuma a zahiri shine na samar da wani sosai m Municipality. A wannan gaskiya ne domin da Faroe Islands. Wannan tarin tsiburai, kazalika de jure bangare na Denmark na da, misali, da kansa kwallon kafa tawagar. data management ka'idojin tsarin a Turai ne fairly duniya: wadannan yankuna da kansa warware matsaloli a cikin filin na zamantakewa da ci gaban da kuma ilimi. A m yankuna halitta da raya ƙasashe, da iko na m jikin jihar ikon ne mai tsanani da iyaka.

Mulkin kai a unitary jihohi

Akwai da dama na asali iri na kasa da siyasa da tsarin - Tarayya, tarayya da unitary jihar. A baya da wanzuwar mulkin kai, kamar yadda wasu siyasa manazarta, iya wuya da rashin gindaya na administrative iyakoki. Duk da haka, dalilin bada a wasu yankunan ƙarin iko iya zama, misali, da kabila na 'yan kasa da suke zaune a can. Babban aiki na jihar don ƙirƙirar irin wannan cin gashin - ba tasowa a cikin saba al'adu yanayi, don sadarwa a cikin harshe, to kai a rayuwa daidai da na kasa hadisai. Akwai da yawa unitary jihohi, inda ya samu nasarar aiwatar da ka'idojin kai-gwamnati na kabilun kasar Sin, Spain, Faransa, Finland, Northern Ireland, Italiya, Azerbaijan.

Sauran ranakun haihuwar ta autonomies a Rasha

Gudanarwa da kuma tsarin siyasa na zamani Rasha ba isasshe manyan kewayon iko da wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin tarayya batutuwa (yin su, a gaskiya, mulkin kai). A farko yunkurin haifar da irin wannan yankin raka'a a cikin kasar da aka yi amfani da nan da nan bayan da 1917 juyin juya halin. Da kalmar 'kasa yankin cin gashin ". Wannan sabon abu ne fahimci matsayin hanyar kai-gwamnati a cikin wadanda sassa na kasar, inda akwai wani musamman kabilu na yawan jama'ar, wanda yana da daban-daban daga sauran al'ummai, al'adu, ka'idodinta hali na rayuwa, ko na harshe.

Akwai ayyukan da cewa nuna karfafawa na kasa autonomies sosai m iko a cikin tarayya, jiha (dauki, misali, mutanen Volga yankin ko da aikin da Chuvash Jamhuriyar). Amma a karshen hukumomi sun yanke shawarar zama a cikin tsare-tsaren karfafawa mutum al'ummai Rasha ãyõyin 'yancin kai, ba nufa cikakken jihar Mulki.