Dark mulki a cikin play "hadiri" - abin da yake da shi?

Dark mulki a cikin play "hadiri" Ostrovsky - shi ne wani kamã da jũna bayani ne saba wa duk daga wani sauki hannun zamani, da wallafe-wallafen zargi Dobrolyubov. Wannan abin da Nikolai Ivanovich samu shi wajibi ne don bayyana nauyi na zamantakewa da kuma halin kirki yanayi a biranen Rasha a farkon XIX karni.

Ostrovsky - a connoisseur na Rasha rai

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky sanya m nasara a Rasha drama, a kan abin da ya samu mai kyau labarin, review. Ya ci gaba da al'adar Rasha kasa gidan wasan kwaikwayo aza Fonvizin, litattafan Gogol, Griboyedov. A musamman, Nikolai Dobrolyubov yaba da zurfin ilmi da mai gaskiya nuni na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ƙayyadaddu na Rasha rayuwa. Featured a cikin play Volga birni Kalinov ya zama wani abin koyi na dukan na Rasha.

A zurfi ma'ana da Misalin "duhu mulkin"

Dark mulki a Ostrovsky ta "The Storm" - a fili da kuma succinct Misalin halitta zargi Dobrolyubov, ta dogara ne a kan wani m zamantakewa da tattalin arziki bayani da narrower - wallafe-wallafen. Last tsara tare da girmamawa ga lardin garin Kalinov, a cikin abin da Ostrovsky Zagayawar talakawan (kamar yadda suka faɗa - da talakawan) Rasha gari na XVIII karni.

Broad ma'anar da kalmar "duhu mulkin"

Da farko faye hali m ji wannan ra'ayi: duhu daula a Ostrovsky ta "The Storm" - dimbin yawa halayyar zamantakewa da siyasar matsayi na Rasha a wani mataki na cin gaban su.

Bayan m karatu sha'awar tarihi, da cikakken sani game da abin da irin Rasha (karshen XVIII karni) a cikin tambaya. A babbar kasa, wani ɓaɓɓake daga wanda aka nuna a cikin play da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya rayu a tsohuwar hanya, a wani lokaci a lokacin da a Turai tsauri masana'antu faru. A mutane da aka harkar gurgunta serfdom (wanda aka soke a 1861). Har yanzu ba a gina dabarun Railways. Mutane ga mafi part ya jahilci, m, m. A gaskiya, zamantakewa da manufofin daukan kadan.

Duk a lardin Kalinowo kamar "dafa shi a yadda ya ruwan 'ya'yan itace." . Wancan ne, mutane ba su da hannu a cikin manyan ayyukan - masana'antu, yi. Ka'idodinsu ba cikakken gazawarsa a cikin sauki sharuddan: misali, a cikin wutar lantarki asalin walƙiya.

Dark mulki a Ostrovsky ta "The Storm" - a al'umma ba tare da ci gaba da vector. Ya ba tukuna dauka siffar aji na masana'antu bourgeoisie da proletariat ... Financial gudana daga jama'a da aka ba kafa isa ga duniya zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.

Dark mulkin gari Kalinov

A wani kunkuntar ji, guda - da duhu daula daga cikin play "hadiri" - a hanyar rayuwa muhimmi a cikin tausayin bourgeoisie da m. Bisa ga bayanin da aka ba da Ostrowski a cikin wannan al'umma gaba daya mamaye m yan kasuwa da girman kai. Su kullum gudanar da wani m matsa lamba a kan wasu, ba biya da hankali ga maslahar su. Majalisar ba da waɗannan Vampires cewa "za mu je ci." Domin wadannan azzalumai kudi m zamantakewa matsayi, kuma mutum da Kirista dabi'un - ba da umarni a cikin ayyuka. Kusan suka yi kamar yadda suke so. A musamman, idon basira, m da cikakken image - Savel m da m matar Prokopievich namun daji Marfa Ignatevna Kabanova - soma wani "duhu mulki" a cikin play "hadiri". Mene ne wadannan haruffa? La'akari da su kamar cewa.

Hoton na da m Savely Prokovich Wild

Merchant Wild ne arziki mutum Kalinov. Duk da haka, da daidaito shi ne ba kẽwayesu da wani kamu na hankali da kuma karamci, amma tare da "mai kaifi fushi." Kuma ya fahimci ya kerkẽci yanayi, kuma yana so ya ko ta yaya canza. "A cikin post sau daya, mai girma, na yi azumi ..." Eh zaluncin ne na biyu hali a gare shi. Idan ya zo ga "karamin mutum" da bukatar aro kudi, namun daji m shi wulãkantar, haka ma, shi kusan ba ya isa da duka na wani hatsari. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hali ne na hali Psycho ko da yaushe domin shi. ( "Abin da ya yi, zuciyata ne!") Wannan shi ne. Ya gina dangantaka da wasu dangane da tsoro da ta mamayar. Wannan ne ya saba da juna na hali game da mutane tare da m zamantakewa matsayi.

Wannan mutumin ya ba da yaushe m. Duk da haka, da ya isa ga viability na m ta'adi da data kasance zamantakewa halayyar. Dangantaka tare da abõkan tarayya da dangi (musamman, tare da dan dan'uwansa), da ya gina a kan daya manufa kawai: don a wulakanta su ƙa'ida - to rabu da zamantakewa, da mutuncinsu, sa'an nan a yi amfani da su da kanka. Duk da haka, gabansa da m juriya daga mutum tare da daidaita matsayi (msl, bazawara Kabanihi m, ya fara bi da shi da mafi daraja, ba tare da rage karfin). Wannan - m, dual-kewaye hali.

Domin rudeness da tuhuma ( "Saboda haka ka sani cewa kai ne - tsutsa") yake boye zari da son-kai. Alal misali, a cikin hali na dan ya ke hana shi gādonsa. Savel Prokofitch shaida, ƙiyayya a zuciyarsa to duk abin da ke kewaye da shi. Ya Credo - a reflex dukkan latsa, duk latsa saukar, share a sararin samaniya don kansu a rayuwa. Muna zaune a wannan lokacin, irin wannan wawa (mun uzuri da frankness) zai zama quite iya, kawai a tsakiyar titi, ga wani dalilin wani dalilin doke mu, kawai don mu matsa zuwa hayin titi, share hanya ga shi! Amma wannan hoton da aka saba zuwa serfdom a Rasha! Ba don kome ba cewa duhu daula daga cikin play "hadiri" Dob kira empathetic da mãsu gaskiya gani na Rasha rai!

Hoton da na gwauruwa Marfy Ignatevny Kabanovoy

Description biyu daji hali Kalinov ne mai arziki m ta bazawara Kabaniha. Its zamantakewa model na hali ne da ba kamar yadda m kamar yadda wani m Wild. (Domin wasu dalilai a wannan model, tuna da misalin: "Poor gani karkanda - shi ne mai matsala daga wasu, maimakon a karkanda!) Marfa Ignatevna Kabanova, sabanin m Wild, gina su zamantakewa matsayi hankali. A kayan aiki ne ma wani wulãkanci, amma - na wani daban-daban irin. Yana yafi shafar ga iyalinsa: dansa Tikhon, Barbara ta 'yarsa, ya Catherine. Dalili na mamayar kan wasu, kamar yadda ta sanya ta kaya magabaci da kuma halin kirki.

Munafurci - shi ke da key mata magudi da mutane. A m - fuska biyu. Ƙa'ida da kuma sama-sama Kirista daba wadannan, yana da nisa daga wannan tausayi Kirista sani. A akasin wannan, da matsayi otserkvleniya ta fassara a matsayin wani nau'i ne na wata yarjejeniya tare da Allah, imani da cewa shi yana da hakkin ba kawai don ya koya duk wasu a kusa, amma kuma a nuna yadda ya kamata su yi aiki.

Wannan shi ne yadda shi ya kasance duk lokacin, gaba daya ya hallaka dansa Tikhon, kamar yadda wani mutum, da kuma turawa ya Catherine zuwa kashe kansa.

Idan m Wild, ya gana a titi, za ka iya samu a kusa da mun gwada Kabanihi halin da ake ciki ne quite daban-daban. Saboda haka ya yi magana, shi kullum, ci gaba, da kuma ba sporadically kamar yadda Wild, "ya haifar da wani" duhu daula a cikin play "hazo". Quotes ayyukan characterizing Kabanihu nuna ta zombiruet yan uwa, m cewa Catherine sunkuyar da mijinta lokacin da ya shiga gidan, bayar da shawara cewa "ba za ka iya jayayya da mahaifiyata" da mijinta ya m umarni wa matarsa, da kuma a kan lokaci da kuma ta doke ta ...

M yunkurin yi tsayayya da tanƙwasawa

Abin da ya sãɓã wa al'umma na gari Kalinov fadada sama biyu mãsu tanƙwasãwa? Eh, kusan kome ba. Wadanda zama a wani dadi jama'a domin kansu. Kamar yadda Pushkin rubuta a cikin "Boris Godunov": "The mutane mãsu kawaici ne ...". Wani ilimi, timidly kokarin bayyana ra'ayi kamar yadda wani injiniya Kuligin. Wani kamar Barbara, mutilated kansu abi'a, rayuwa iri biyu: poddakivaya Samodurov da kuma yin abin da ya fi so. Kuma wani na jira na cikin gida da kuma ban tausayi zanga-zanga (as Catherine).

ƙarshe

Yana faruwa a ko a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da kalmar "zaluncin"? Muna fatan cewa ga masu rinjaye mu masu karatu - da yawa kasa fiye da ga mazauna sansanin soja birni Kalinov. Dauki empathy, idan ka shugaba ne mai despot, ko wani daga cikin iyali da'irar. A zamaninmu, wannan sabon abu bai shafi nan da nan zuwa ga dukan birnin. Duk da haka, shi sanya can. Kuma yakan haifar da search for wani mafita ...

Mu koma ga play da Ostrovsky. Ƙirƙiri "duhu mulki" a cikin play "hadiri" wakilan. Su na kowa siffofin - samuwar babban birnin kasar da kuma so ya mamaye al'umma. Duk da haka, da dominance ne ba bisa ibada, ko kerawa, kuma a kan ilimi. A ƙarshe shi ne cewa tanƙwasawa ya zama ruwan dare, tauye da ikon kai, kazalika da tauye da tattaunawa (a kauracewa). Tanƙwasawa karfi, duk da haka sai ya ji da indispensability wanda kake auna, da kuma bukatar su babban birnin kasar.

Shi ne kawai ya rabu da shi na irin wannan "farin ciki." A Kalinowo yi wannan ba zai yiwu ba. A zamaninmu, wannan ne na ainihi.