Ibray Altynsarin, shahararren malama: biography, rubuce-rubucen da

Kowace al'umma, shi ne girman kai na ta 'yan siyasa, jama'a Figures, kasida da marubuta. A Kazakhstan musamman girmama ƙwaƙwalwar Ibrai Altynsarin wanda ya sadaukar da dukan balagaggun rai rubuce-rubuce, gabatarwar da Kazakh mutane da dabi'u na Rasha da kuma duniya al'ada.

Ibrahim Altynsarin - an yi fice malama na XIX karni, da ethnographer, mawãƙi, mawallafin, fassara. Mun gode wa kokarin da a kan Kazakh ƙasar kasance na farko da makaranta a wanda yara za su iya koya daga talakawa iyalansu.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Ibrahim Altynsarin haife Nuwamba 2, 1841. Mahaifansa biyu, da rashin alheri, kusan kome da aka sani. A cewar wasu rahotanni, Altynsarin Mahaifinmu ya rasu a 1844. Daga wani matashi, Ibrahim ya kasance a cikin kulawa da kakansa Balgozhi Zhanburchina, wanda aka gudanar da girmamawa matsayi na doke a kauye. Bii - a majistare, malami, mai ba da shawara, zamantakewa himmar aiki.

Har karshe kwanakin ransa Ibray Altynsarin bai manta da kananan gida - kauyen Zhanburchi, memba na Ikklesiya Arakaragayskoy Nicholas County. Yau, da memory daga cikin manyan countryman tsohon Ikklesiya sake masa suna Altynsarin District a Kostanai yankin na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan.

Lokacin da ya ke da shekaru tara, sai aka aika zuwa kwanan nan ya bude musamman makarantu domin 'yan asalin yara. Institution gari a cikin birnin na Orenburg, yana koyarwa a can aka gudanar yafi a Rasha. A mutane da suka zo daga daban-daban kwaminonin, ya rayu a cikin wannan shiga makaranta ta shirya a nan.

Tare da azuzuwan a makaranta, Ibrahim sarrafa dukan kayayyakin lokaci karatu. Daga cikin da ya fi so ayyukan duniya adabi - waqe na Byron, Goethe da kuma Shakespeare, da waqoqi da Pushkin, kuma Lermontov, halitta a gabashin mawallafa Firduosi da Navoi.

Nasarar wucewa da shekaru bakwai hanya na binciken, Ibrahim Altynsarin a nema daga cikin hukumomin da ya rage a Orenburg, aiki a matsayin mai fassara a cikin yankin majalisa.

A farko matakai a fannin ba da ilmi

Matsayi da fassara ba ya jawo hankalin wani saurayi, Ibrahim mafarkai na koyarwa. A 1860, ya karshe ya fita daga Orenburg da kuma mayar da su Turgay kagara (yanzu garin na wannan sunan), inda ya miƙa koyarwa aiki a Rasha makaranta. Amma Ibrahim Altynsarin, wanda biography fili ya nuna soyayya ga mutãnensa, yana sanya mai yawa kokarin zuwa samun ilmi da kuma iya karɓar yara na Kazakhs.

Bayan 'yan shekaru da aka tattara daga gida yawan jama'a da kuma wajen da su na sirri tanadi Altynsarin gina ginin wani elemantare boys daga Kazakh iyalansu. A bude wannan makaranta ya faru Janairu 8, 1864. A makaranta bude kofofin ta ga na farko dalibai.

A watan Maris na wannan shekara, wani matashi malamin ya rubuta a cikin diary: "A cikin wannan ma'ana, tare da abin da yunwa kerkẽci ya fāɗa cikin tumaki, Ni yarda to suna da damar don hašawa Kazakh yara su koyi. Shi ke kawai kasance watanni uku, kuma na dalibai sun riga ƙware da basira da karatu da rubutu. Na yi imani da cewa a cikin 'yan shekaru za su shiga cikin sahu na ilimi mutane na al'ummar mu. Ina fatan zan iya qarfafa a musu da mafi kyaun mutum halaye, kamar kirki, halin kirki da kuma tabbatar da adalci. "

administrative aiki

A wannan lokacin, da wannan al'amari, kuma a yau ne mai girma bukatar ilimi, da kyau-taso keya mutane. Saboda haka sau da yawa Altansarina gayyace zuwa daban-daban mukamai a jihar na'ura. A 1868-1874 gg. shi hidima a matsayin magatakarda a cikin birni gwamnati, a cikin shekaru baya aiki a matsayin mai hukunci, mataimakin shugaban gundumar, da hidima a matsayin gundumar sarki a ɓõye, Ya Duba aikin makarantu.

Mamaye wurare da alhakin a cikin tsarin ilimi, Ybyrai Altynsarin neman bude sabon makarantu daban-daban a biranen Nicholas County. Kawai a lokacin da 1884 ilimi gine-gine da aka gina a Aktyubinsk, Nikolaevsk, Irgiz, Eletskaya da Turgay birãnensu. A kadan daga baya, tare da kai tsaye hallara Altynsarin aka halicce Turgay sana'a makaranta da kuma Irgiz Seminary. An unprecedented nasara a lokacin m malamai iya kira da bude daga cikin Kazakh makarantar sakandare na 'yan mata, ya sami farko dalibai a 1887.

Halittar ilimi methodical tushe

Cewa Ibrahim Altynsarin - an yi fice malama, ba a ma maganar da babbar gudunmawar da kasa tsarin ilimi. Godiya ga kokarin da wannan gagarumar mutumin ya ga hasken farko litattafan a cikin Harshen Kazakh da kuma Rasha Littattafan for Kazakh makarantu. Altynsarin halarci da ci gaban kasa da ilimi tushe, kazalika da kaina, ya rubuta kuma aka buga da dama na umarni littattafai.

A 1879 ya wallafa "Kazakh karatu", da kuma shekaru goma daga baya - tarin littattafai don karanta a makaranta a cikin Kazakh harshen kamar yadda "wasikunsa". Peru nasa ne malamin littafin Jagora ga malamai na farko horo manual Kyrgyzstan Rasha harshe. "

Taimako ga kasa da al'adunsu

Wani lokaci na daliban da tarihi na tambaya: "Ibrahim Altynsarin marubucin abin da aiki" Ya kamata a lura cewa Altynsarin ya ba da muhimman hakkokin koyarwar, da kuma babban kasuwanci ransa dauke gabatarwar ga samuwar faffadan talakawa na 'yan asalin yawan jama'a. Saboda haka, kimiyya takardunku ya bai rubuta, directing da basira da ilmi, a cikin halittar littattafai ga yara da kuma matasa, magani na almara ayyukansu, fassarar mafi kyau misalai na duniya adabi a Kazakh harshe.

Aikace-aikace Ibrai Altynsarin - An gina dama makarantu domin Kazakh yara, dubban daruruwan m dalibai da kuma mabiya da ya daraja ayyukansu. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gudunmawar da kasa al'ada Altynsarin ne halittar haruffa dangane da QFontDatabase haruffa, wanda ya ba impetus ga ci gaban Kazakh wallafe-wallafe.

wallafe-wallafen da ayyukan

The m al'adunmu na girma malami gabatar ethnographic makala, fassarorin da ayyukan Rasha da kuma duniya adabi, marubucin waqe, short labaru, tatsuniya. Babbar alkuki shagaltar da jama'a tãtsũniyõyin, a hankali tattara, da kuma sarrafa ta marubuci. Ibrahim Altynsarin aka dauke su kafa Kazakh adabi ga yara da kuma matasa. Ƙoƙarin conversational Kazakh magana samu zamani wallafe-wallafen siffofin.

The "Anthology" for Kazakh makarantu halitta Altynsarin ƙunshi fassarorin na gajejjeran labaru, L. N. Tolstogo da Karl Ushinskogo waqe da Pushkin, kuma Lermontov, ayyukan wasu Rasha litattafansu. Educational iyawa Altynsarin da wani banbanci a kan al'adu da kuma ruhaniya ci gaban da Kazakh mutane.

Godiya Sahaban da zuriyar

Domin ilimi, sana'a da kuma zamantakewa Ybyrai Altynsarin akai-akai alama ta awards na Rasha Empire, ya aka bayar da lakabi na Jihar majalisar. Yau da sunan babban dan Kazakh mutane ne da makarantu, murabba'ai da tituna da yawa a cikin garuruwa da kauyuka na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan.

A birnin Kostanay a shafin na daya daga cikin na farko makarantu shirya Altynsarin tunawa gidan kayan gargajiya halitta. A cikin dakunan da al'adu da tarihi da cibiyoyin iya ganin m lãbãri, da yanayi na sesquicentennial da suka wuce. Babban sha'awa tsakanin baƙi ne sassaka, wanda aka kewaye da dalibansa a matsayin mai rai zaune Ybyrai Altynsarin tarbiyya. Photos, ciki daga makaranta ofishin kuke gani a kan wannan shafi.