Littafin jerin kalmomi: abin da shi ne. Littafin jerin kalmomi, wanda shi ne fiye da wani kamus

Ƙara a yawa ayyukan, littattafai, brochures, internet albarkatun za ka iya samun ajalin "littafin jerin kalmomi". Kamar m sabon abu, shi ke tsorata ta unexplored, saboda yawa sauki a ce 'Dictionary', maimakon yin amfani da wani bakon definition.

Littafin jerin kalmomi: abin da yake da shi? Ta yaya ne daban-daban daga talakawa kamus? Bari mu yi kokarin nazarin wadannan batutuwa a more daki-daki, kuma yana samuwa.

fassarar da kalmar

Da farko, manufar da littafin jerin kalmomi da aka gani cikin sharuddan ƙamus, wakiltar harshen fassarorin da ake amfani samfurori a cikin rubutu.

Treats konewa littafin jerin kalmomi kamar yadda wani harshe ne musamman ƙamus, ƙamus nuna a cika, yayin da Yefremov nazarin wannan sabon abu ta fuskar tsanaki sa na data a wani musamman fannin ilimi.

A mafi takamaiman definition da ake amfani a philology, akwai ake nufi da littafin jerin kalmomi lexicon-type bangaren, a cikinsa duk ma'anonin kalmomin hade na ginin jumla dangantaka a tsakaninsu da kansu da kuma dokoki da key Concepts a wani rabo yankin.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, yana da wuya a amsa tambaya: "littafin jerin kalmomi: abin da yake da shi?" uniquely. Domin a more kunkuntar lokaci, la'akari da nazarin tarihin abin da ya faru, iri da kuma dangantaka a cikin ƙamus na lexical raka'a irin wannan.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

Da kafa uba na littafin jerin kalmomi ne dauke da wani Turanci likita, Roger, shi wanda ya yi a 1852 systematized ƙamus na harshen Turanci, don rarraba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyin. Bugu da kari, kowane rukuni da aka wakilta sunan da ra'ayi, sa'an nan ya zo da nufin abu ɗaya ne ga wasu sassa na magana, lists na related abubuwa, kazalika da nassoshi sunayen da sauran Categories. A ra'ayin na irin wannan rarrabuwa ya sosai m saboda Dictionary aka dauke mafi halitta, ya bayyana ƙamus na harshe zuwa ga fullest har. A wannan yanayin, shi za a iya amfani da a matsayin mai sauri search na da muhimmanci Concepts. Tun da farko littafin jerin kalmomi kuma har yanzu faruwa a kai a kai canji na da irin wannan ƙamus da cewa an yi amfani da mutane da yawa daban na ilimi da kuma shi ne Popular a duk faɗin duniya. A cikin wannan binciken da topic: "littafin jerin kalmomi: abin da yake da shi?" Muhimmin a da yawa makarantu.

Ya zuwa yanzu, thesauri kasance mafi m hanya don bayyana ilimi a kowane filin da ake bukata domin ingantaccen mutum-zaa iya karanta.

Da dangantakar kalmomi a cikin littafin jerin kalmomi

Mafi na kowa dangantaka a cikin gargajiya littafin jerin kalmomi su ne:

1. Synonymy - wani sabon abu a cikin abin da kalmomi suna da nasaba daya bangare na jawabin na wani irin lexical ma'anar. Ga misali: Power-mahaifarsa, tawagar, tawagar, da mulufi - ja, da dai sauransu
2. Antonym - mahada wani sashi na jawabin na kalmomi da ciwon m lexical ma'anar. Ga misali: shirun - ruri, m - m.
3. Spook (seppuku) - key dangantaka domin bayyana sunaye. Hyperons yana da fadi da lexical ma'anar nuna Generic, kowa sunan aji (sa) da abubuwa, abubuwa, wato, da kaddarorin da kuma halaye. Hyponym yana da wani kunkuntar darajar, ta kira abu (harafin, dukiya) kamar yadda wani kashi na wani takamaiman sa ko aji. Don tabbatar da cewa wadannan dangantakar sun bayyana, mu ba da wani mai sauqi qwarai misali. Kalmomi da dabba Tiger juna, yayin da na kowa sunan - dabba - shi ne hyperonyms zuwa hyponyms damisar.
4. Meronimiya (partonimiya) - dangantakar sunaye suna kafa a kan manufa da "part - dukan". Kamar yadda wani misali, ka yi la'akari da kalmomin da jirgin sama saukowa kaya, tagar jirgin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, da na kowa sunan kai - Holon (duka suna) da kuma ta bangaren sassa - meronimy.
5. A gudanar da bincike (tsakanin fi'ilai dangantaka). Alal misali, kalmar tafi, kuma ku zo mamaye aiwatar da sakamako (sakamakon).
6. A dalilin (as halatta kawai ga fi'ilai). Ga wani misali na irin wannan dangantaka, kai da kalmomin m - kuskure. A wannan yanayin, a cikin hanyar za a iya gano - miss, saboda akwai matsaloli tare da kiwon lafiya.

Littafin jerin kalmomi cewa shi ne, gani daga da wadannan misali.

Gado - a na'urar for barci.

[Hyperons]: furniture
[Meron] 's gida
[Dangantawa] benci, gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa.

Wannan shi ne kawai classic misali na littafin jerin kalmomi na Rasha harshen, duk da haka, duk kamus na irin wannan da ake gina a kan wannan manufa.

littafin jerin kalmomi aiki

Littafin jerin kalmomi daukawa gagarumin zaman jama'a, sadarwa, bincike da kuma sauran ayyuka.

Shi ne:

• tushen gwaninta a cikin wani m ko kunkuntar batu yankin, da hanyar da ordering, sharuddan ta kwatanta batun yankin .
• search kayan aiki a wani bayani rafi.
• Hannun kayan aikin, bincike na takardu a cikin search engines.
• ga kayan aiki atomatik Indexing hadaddun texts.

iri thesauri

A iri-iri na kamus da ake bukata domin la'akari ba kawai tambaya: "littafin jerin kalmomi: abin da yake da shi?", Amma kuma kula da iri. Wannan zai taimake mu mu fahimci mafi alhẽri da halaye na da irin wannan kamus.

1. Kamus a kan raba bangarorin ilimi -. Philological, pedagogical, falsafa da kuma sauran thesauri. List of musamman sharuddan suna nuna duk yiwu dangantaka tsakanin su.
2. Bayani gyara (IPT) - yi amfani a matsayin kayan aiki na atomatik ko manual gyara. Cibiyar da aka kafa wajen ɗari aluma thesauri, wanda dace da jihar nagartacce. Zai yiwu na ginin jumla dangantaka tsakanin Concepts da suka yi amfani da uku: na Generic, ma'ana, kuma associative (duk wasu).
3. Thesauri musamman harshe. Alal misali, WordNet - sanannen littafin jerin kalmomi na harshen Turanci, halitta cikakken bayanin irin ƙamus da kuma na ra'ayi na'ura.
4. Multilingual (duniya) - damar samun kalmomi da alaka da juna a cikin harsuna daban-daban.
5. Akwai ma al'ada thesauri, sa da aiki na Samfur da amfaninsa sharuddan a wani yanki na ilmi wanda yake mafi dace ga sabuwar batun yankunan.

ƙarshe

Muna fatan cewa za a m harshe don bayyana abin da wani littafin jerin kalmomi. Saboda misalai sauki su fahimci yadda shi ya bambanta daga wasu kamus. Mun kuma jaddada batun bayanai komawa littafin jerin kalmomi, wanda ake amfani da yadu bayanai tsarin to da sauri sami da kuma shirya miliyoyin abubuwa.