Marubuci Andrei Sinyavsky: biography, kerawa da kuma mawallafin

Rasha marubuci Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich, wanda biography aka kammala a watan Fabrairu 1997 a birnin Paris, a yau ne ba kawai ba a manta ba, amma ya kasance daya daga cikin key Figures na Rasha adabi kasashen waje. Sunansa ne kullum aka ambata a cikin m zamantakewa da siyasa muhawara watse daga tsakanin daban-daban wallafe-wallafen kungiyoyin. Sabõda haka kada ka zama superfluous tunawa da wannan m mutumin da mamaki da abin da tunani da kuma ra'ayoyin da ya so ya kai ga ƙarshe.

Daga cikin biography na wani marubuci

A nan gaba marubuci Andrei Sinyavsky aka haife shi a 1925, a garin Moscow. Ya girma a wani ilimi iyali tare da aristocratic asalin. Magabatan da marubuci gudanar da matsayi mai daraja a Rasha Empire, amma kuma alama da hannu a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci events. Sanannun al'amari shi ne cewa shi ne al'adu da ilimi yanayi ya hukunci tasiri a kan samuwar wani m hali. Shi ne a cikin wannan yanayi da kuma siffar nan gaba shahara marubuci Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. The iyali karfi da goyon saurayin ta so ga ilmi. Na musamman sha'awa ne Andrew ya nuna wa philology da nazari na kasashen waje harsuna. Amma ilminsa aka katse fashewa yaki. Tun da kaka na 1941 da iyalinsa zauna a cikin fitarwa na Syzran. Inda bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare Andrei Sinyavsky ya aka girke a cikin sojojin. A Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, ya sa suna a shekarar 1945, bayan nasarar. Bayan da ya sauke karatu, ya jagoranci binciken ayyukan a Cibiyar Duniya Wallafe-wallafe, kuma ma sanar da aikin jarida a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar da kuma Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo School.

wallafe-wallafen aikin

Su hanya a cikin babban adabi marubuci Andrei Sinyavsky fara tare da m makala, da wallafe-wallafen da karatu da kuma tarihin rayuwa da litattafansu na Rasha adabi na karni na ashirin. Aikinsa a wannan yanki da aka gane a cikin karatu jama'a. Sun marubuci dadin da suka cancanta suna a Moscow ta bohemian da'irori, da kuma nisa fiye da kan iyakoki. Gaba kasance m Vistas, kuma m zama na Soviet wallafe-wallafen functionary. Duk da haka, marubuci Andrei Sinyavsky, wanda biography samo asali quite da kyau, a shirye su yi a cikin rayuwa mai kaifi nuna. Ya wuya san kansa abin da kona jira shi gaba.

Abram Tertz

A wani mataki na kerawa da marubuci da aka fuskanci wata alama unsolvable matsala - da rashin magana da kuma rubuta da gaskiya da gaskiya, kuma ya dangane da shi. Babu wanda zai taba karanta ko ya ji wani abu da ya yi nufi ga ce a Rasha adabi Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Littafin shi kamar ba zai iya ba za a buga a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Amma da bayani da aka samu. A karkashin wani zaci sunan ya iya ce abin da ya yi tunani ya zama dole. Kuma buga su aiki a waje da gida kasar. Ya pseudonym Andrei Sinyavsky aro daga hali na Odessa barayi songs. Yana ruwaito da Kasadar da wani tausayin barawo na Yahudawa kasa. Sai ya wãyi gari Abram uku. A farkon sittin a West an buga labari "ƙaunatattuna", da labarin "The kotu ke" da kuma sharply publicistic labarin "Mene Ne Socialist hakikanci?", Famously yi izgili hukuma ka'idodinta Soviet wallafe-wallafe. A mahaifarsa, 'yan gane cewa marubucin waɗannan ayyuka ne Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Littattafan suka fitar da sunan Abram Tertz a kan suna page. Sinyavsky ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko wanda ya gudanar da su yaudare Soviet katsalandan.

aiwatar

Kawai yanzu Soviet hukumomi irin wannan hare-hare a kan harsashinta bai gafarta. A cikin watan Satumba 1965, marubucin aka kama da KGB. Muka kama shi a kan Nikitsky babban titi a tashar bas. Saboda haka, Andrei Sinyavsky, biography wanda har zuwa wannan lokaci bai aikata irin wannan kaifi jũya, ya zama wani dan gidan fursuna. Bisa ga wannan harka, ya aka kama shi kuma marubuci Yuli Daniel, kuma aka buga a kasashen yamma, da littattafai a karkashin wani pseudonym. Kan aiwatar da Sinyavsky-Daniel ya zama da muhimmanci sosai a cikin tarihin zamantakewa da tunani. Tarayyar Soviet kokarin marubuta ga ayyukan art. Shi kuwa yana da yawa kamar na da mayya farauta.

Social motsi a cikin tsaro na Sinyavsky da kuma Daniel

A fitina daga cikin marubuta ƙare shekaru bakwai jumla, ya sa mai girma jama'a outcry a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma bayan. Tabbatacce al'amari shi ne cewa da dama daga cikin fursunonin miƙe domin kasar. Kuma wannan ya faru duk da unbridled na aikin farfaganda. Domin ikon, shirya mai gabatar da kara na Sinyavsky da kuma Daniel, shi ne wani m mamaki. Mutane tattara sa hannu ga ro a cikin tsaro na marubuta da kuma ko da ya tafi a kan wani zanga-zanga a tsakiyar birnin Moscow. Wannan matsayi bukata a gaskiya ƙarfin hali. Kare marubuta zai iya sauƙi tafi bayan su. Amma da motsi shirilos duniya a cikin tsaro na zargi. A Turai da dama manya, da kuma kasashen waje da aka gudanar da zanga-zanga a gaban Tarayyar Soviet ofisoshin jakadanci.

a zaman talala

Kammalawa Andrei Sinyavsky bauta Mordovia, a cikin "Dubrovlag". Bisa ga umarnin daga Moscow, an yi amfani ne kawai ga toughest jobs. A wannan yanayin, marubucin ba shi da wani wallafe-wallafen aiki. Bayan barbed waya Andrei Sinyavsky rubuta littattafai da dama - "Voice daga Chorus," "Tafiya da Pushkin", "A cikin Shadow na litattafan Gogol." Marubucin ya ba har ma da tabbatar da cewa ya halitta a ƙarshe zai isa a nufin, ga mai karatu. A karkashin matsin lamba na kasa da kasa ra'ayin jama'a marubuci, ya aka saki daga kurkuku kafin ƙarshen lokaci. A watan Yuni na shekarar 1971, ya sake.

ƙaura

A 1973, Paris ta shahara Sorbonne University yana da wani sabon farfesa daga Rasha - Andrei Sinyavsky. Biography na marubuci a gudun hijira ci gaba. A koyarwa aiki a Faransa, ya aka gayyace jim kadan bayan da aka saki daga kurkuku. Amma daya kawai professorship marubuci ba zai zama iyakance. Andrei Sinyavsky, wanda littattafai da resonate da fadi da masu sauraro a karon farko a rayuwata da ke cikin wani halin da ake ciki inda ya iya buga abin da yake ganin ya dace. Ba tare da game da katsalandan. Farko na dukkan jama'a akwai cewa shi ya rubuta da baya a Tarayyar Soviet.

Ciki har da a tsare. A musamman, da "Tafiya da Pushkin." Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi rigima littattafai, ya wallafa Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. A marubuci matar, Maria Rozanova, wasu har, shi ne a co-author. Wannan littafin Andrei Sinyavsky rubuta a cikin kurkuku, kuma ya aika da shi a cikin zaman kansa rubutu daga baya da barbed waya. Bisa ga mutum surori.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "An Open Letter to Solzhenitsyn"

Tare da wasu mamaki Sinyavsky gano cewa, a cikin wallafe-wallafen kasashen waje tafasa guda so kamar yadda a Moscow. Rasha ƙaura ya da nisa daga hadin kai. In mun gwada magana, shi ya kasu kashi biyu sansani - Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma kishin kasa. Kuma da dauki na m gefen a wallafe-wallafen da aikin jaridar articles na sabon farfesa Sorbonne ya sharply korau. Musamman ƙi wani littafi da ake kira Abram Tertz "Tafiya da Pushkin." Mai sukar mamaki sa'an nan wanda ta kasa Andrei Sinyavsky. Kuma Abram Tertz bai kunyatar da masu sauraro, ya idar da kaifi tsautawa wa abokan adawar. A sanannen "Open Letter to Solzhenitsyn," ya zargi shahara takwararta a dasa sabon mulkin da rashin ha} uri na madadin views. Kuma da tsunkule na sarcasm ya kawo hankalin na addressee cewa a cikin matsaloli na Rasha mutane zargi da kansa, ba wasu yanci Yahudawa da sauran duhu sojojin. Bayan wannan shawara samun Abram Tertz a emigre periodicals aka abada rufe. Marubuci Andrei Sinyavsky aka tilasta tunani game da dalilin da namu mujallar.

"Ginin kalma"

Wannan edition da aka halitta. Domin shekaru masu yawa da daya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilimi da kuma ruhaniya janye daga Rasha ƙaura ne "ginin kalma" mujallar. Yana da aka buga a Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky da kuma Maria Rozanov. A mujallar maida hankali ne akan wani m kewayon batutuwa na zamantakewa, siyasa da kuma wallafe-wallafen rayuwa. A littafin da aka fundamentally bude wa mutane tare da daban-daban wuraren view. Yana buga kayan daga Tarayyar Soviet. "Ginin kalma" ya jagoranci ci gaba da jayayya da wani mashahuri a cikin emigre da'irori edition - "nahiyar" Vladimir Maximov.