Menene VLANs? VLAN,

A lokacin, mutane da yawa daga yau kamfanoni da kungiyoyi kusan ba su yi amfani da wannan sosai da amfani da kuma sau da yawa zama dole, da yiwuwar yadda wata kungiya mai rumfa LAN (VLAN) a cikin dukan kayayyakin da cewa an bayar da mafi zamani sauya. Wannan shi ne saboda al'amurra da dama, don haka yana da daraja idan akai la'akari da wannan fasaha daga mahangar da yiwuwar ta yin amfani da irin wannan manufar.

janar description

Don fara ne don yanke shawara a kan abin da yake cikin VLANs. Wannan yana nufin wani rukuni na kwakwalwa da alaka da cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ake Azancin hade a saƙon yankin watsa shirye-shirye a kan wani takamaiman-akai. Alal misali, kungiyoyin iya raba dangane da shuka tsarin, ko da jinsunan da aikin ko aiki tare. VLAN networks samar da dama abũbuwan amfãni. Don fara, shi ne mai yawa fiye da ingantaccen amfani da bandwidth (a kwatanta da na gargajiya LANs), dagagge matakin na kariya bayanai wanda yana daukar kwayar cutar, kazalika da Sauki gwamnati makirci.

Tun lokacin da yin amfani da VLAN BREAKING auku a dukan cibiyar sadarwa watsa shirye-shirye domains, da bayanai a cikin irin wannan tsarin ne kawai kwayar tsakanin mambobin, ba duk na kwakwalwa a cikin jiki cibiyar sadarwa. Sai dai itace cewa da watsa shirye-shirye da zirga-zirga da aka generated da sabobin, takaitawa qaddara yankin, da cewa ba a watsa shirye-shirye zuwa ga duk tashoshin a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. Saboda haka za su iya cimma mafi kyau duka kasafi na cibiyar sadarwa bandwidth tsakanin zabi kungiyoyin na kwakwalwa: sabobin da kuma workstations daga daban-daban VLAN kawai ba ga juna.

Ta yaya ne duk da matakai?

A irin wannan cibiyar sadarwa, bayanai da aka quite da kariya daga samun dama marar izini, tun data musayar ne da za'ayi a cikin wani rukuni na kwakwalwa, wato, ba za su iya samun da zirga-zirga generated a wasu sauran irin wannan tsarin.

Idan muka magana game da abin da VLANs, shi ne dole a lura a nan shi ne da amfani da wannan hanya na kungiyar, kamar yadda wani Saukake cibiyar sadarwa gwamnati. Wannan ya shafi ayyuka, kamar ƙara sabon abubuwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, su motsi, da kuma shafewa. Alal misali, idan wasu mai amfani VLAN koma zuwa wani dakin, da cibiyar sadarwa shugaba ba ya bukatar rewire da igiyoyi. Ya kawai yana bukatar yin cibiyar sadarwa kayan aiki daga wurin aiki. A wasu implementations na irin networks iko da motsi na da mambobi ne na kungiyar za a iya za'ayi ta atomatik, ko da ba tare da bukatar gudanar da baki. Ya kawai bukatar ya san yadda za a saita da VLAN, yin duk dole ayyukan. Yana iya ƙirƙirar sabuwar ma'ana kungiyoyin na masu amfani, ko ba tare da samun up. Wannan shi ne duk sosai kubutar da lokaci, wanda zai iya zama da amfani ga warware matsalolin da daidaita muhimmancin.

Hanyoyi na shirya VLAN

Akwai uku hanyoyi daban-daban: a kan tushen da tashar jiragen ruwa, yarjejeniya, na uku matakin, ko MAC-adiresoshin. Kowane Hanyar yayi dace da daya daga cikin uku ƙananan yadudduka na OSI reference model: jiki, cibiyar sadarwa da kuma tashar, bi da bi. Idan muka magana game da abin da VLANs, shi ne dole a lura da kasancewar wani hudu yanayin na kungiyar - a kan tushen da dokoki. Yanzu an yi amfani da wuya, ko da yake da shi na samar da mafi sassauci. Yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki, kowane daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi don gane da abin da siffofi da suka yi.

VLAN tashar jiragen ruwa na tushen

Ga muka ɗauka mai ma'ana ra'ayoyi na wasu jiki canza mashigai zaba domin hulda. Alal misali, cikin cibiyar sadarwa gudanarwa iya sanin cewa wani tashoshin jiragen ruwa, misali, 1, 2, 5 da kuma kafa VLAN1, da kuma dakunan 3, 4 da kuma 6 da ake amfani da su VLAN2, da sauransu. Daya canza tashar jiragen ruwa na iya da kyau a yi amfani to connect mahara kwakwalwa, wanda ake amfani da, misali, wata cibiya. Dukan su iya gano a matsayin mambobin wata rumfa cibiyar sadarwa zuwa wanda da sabis da aka rajista a canza tashar jiragen ruwa. Irin m riko VLAN membobinsu ne babban hasara da wannan makirci na kungiyar.

VLAN dangane da MAC adiresoshin

Dalili na hanyar hõrarru cikin yin amfani da musamman hexadecimal bayani da data mahada Layer, samuwa ga kowane cibiyar sadarwa adaftan ko workstation cibiyar sadarwa uwar garke. Idan muka magana game da abin da VLANs, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan hanya da aka dauke su more m a kwatanta da baya, kamar yadda daya canza tashar jiragen ruwa shi ne zai yiwu a haɗa kwakwalwa na zuwa daban-daban mai rumfa networks. Bugu da kari, shi ta atomatik tracks da motsi na kwakwalwa daga daya tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wani, wanda kubutar da abokin ciniki nasa ne da wani cibiyar sadarwa ba tare da gudanar da baki.

Ka'idar aiki a nan shi ne quite sauki: canji na goyon bayan rubutu tebur MAC-adireshin da workstation rumfa networks. Da zaran kwamfuta da aka sauya zuwa wasu sauran tashar jiragen ruwa, kwantanta da MAC-adireshin filin tare da data tebur, sa'an nan zana dama karshe game da kwamfuta na zuwa wani cibiyar sadarwa. Kamar yadda ko rashin amfani wannan hanya ake kira haduwar harhadawa da VLAN, wanda zai iya da farko sa kuskure. Tare da cewa canza shi kadai ya gina wani tebur na adireshin, da cibiyar sadarwa mai gudanar da bukatar ya duba shi duka, domin sanin wanda yayi bayani yadda rumfa teams hadu, sai ya umurci shi da ya dace VLANs. Kuma cewa akwai dakin kuskure, wanda wani lokacin da ya faru a Cisco VLAN, sanyi wanda quite sauki, amma m redistribution zai zama mafi wuya fiye da a cikin hali na yin amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwa.

VLAN-tushen uku-matakin ladabi

Wannan hanya da aka wuya amfani a sauya a matakin da aiki kungiyar ko sashen. Shi ne halayyar da akwati, Fitted tare da gina-in bayar da kwatance yarjejeniya nufin asali Ethernet - IP, IPX da AppleTalk. Wannan hanya kwakwalwa gaba da cewa wani rukuni na canza tashoshin jiragen ruwa da cewa ya kasance a cikin VLAN tsare, za a hade da wani IP subnet ko IPX. A wannan yanayin, sassauci da aka bayar a wannan wata mai amfani da motsi zuwa wani tashar jiragen ruwa da cewa nasa ne da wannan rumfa cibiyar sadarwa da cewa an kula da canji ba ya bukatar reconfiguration. VLAN da kwatance a cikin wannan yanayin ne quite sauki, domin a cikin wannan harka, da canji na nazarin cibiyar sadarwa adireshin da kwamfutar da cewa suna tsare ga kowane daga cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa. Wannan hanya tana goyon bayan da kuma hulda tsakanin daban-daban VLAN ba tare da yin amfani da ƙarin wajen. Akwai daya aibi a wannan hanya - babban kudin sauya, a cikin abin da aka aiwatar. Rostelecom VLAN goyon bayan aikin a wannan matakin.

binciken

Kamar yadda ka riga ya bayyana, mai rumfa networks ne a fairly iko kayan aiki ga cibiyar sadarwa kungiyar cewa za su iya warware matsalolin da dangantaka da data tsaro, gwamnati, damar, da kuma kara ingancinsu a cikin yin amfani da bandwidth.