Musayar fasaha ta Polytechnic a Moscow: shakatawa, sake dubawa

Domin fiye da shekaru 250, kasarmu ta kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin a fannin kimiyya na duniya. A wannan lokacin, an samu abubuwa da yawa da yawa a cikin ganuwar jami'o'i na Rasha a wasu fannoni wadanda suka canza rayukan mutane a dukkanin rahotannin. Don sanar da jama'a da mafi muhimmanci da kuma sha'awar su, a shekarar 1872 an buɗe Masallacin Kimiyya ta Musamman a Moscow. Dalili na tarinsa shine hotunan nuni da aka shirya domin girmama cika shekaru 200 na haihuwar Bitrus Mai Girma, masarauta, wanda ya taimaka wajen sake sauya Rasha daga wata ƙasa mai tasowa a cikin jihar tare da bunkasa masana'antu da tattalin arziki.

Wani ɗan tarihi (karni na XIX)

Aikin Museum na Musamman a Moscow, ko kuma, kamar yadda aka kira shi, Museum of Applied Knowledge, an samo asali ne a cikin gidan wucin gadi a kan titin Prechistenka. A 1877, ya koma gida mai gina jiki musamman a adireshin: Lubyansky Proyezd 4. Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa, aikin gine-ginen ya ci gaba, sakamakon haka fikafikan fuka-fukin ya fito kusa da tsakiyar tsakiya: arewa da kudu. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin shekarun nan, an gudanar da aikin ilimin ilimi a cikin gidan kayan kayan gargajiya kuma irin wannan ilimin kimiyya ya kasance kamar Yablochkov, Mendeleev, Timiryazev, Zhukovsky da sauransu.

Musamman Polytechnic dake Moscow a farkon rabin karni na 20

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, da yawa ma'aikata na wannan ma'aikata suka tafi wajen ƙofar, da infirmary da aka shirya a cikin gini, da X-ray inji kasance wani ɓangare na nuni, shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da matsayin X-ray kayan aiki ga ofishin. A Oktoba juyin juya halin da aka a milestone a cikin tarihin wannan al'adu da makarantu. Musamman ma, a cikin shekaru farko bayan kafa a kasar Soviet ikon, gidan fasaha na Polytechnic dake Moscow ya zama filin wasan da ke cikin muhawarar siyasa.

Duk da haka, al'adun da masu kirkiro suka kafa sun ci gaba da kasancewa babban aikin ga ma'aikatansa. Mun gode wa jaruntakar da suka yi, sun gudanar da damar adana abubuwan da suka faru, wanda manyan hukumomi suka fahimta kamar yadda ya kamata. Amma, abin takaici, ba za a iya kauce wa asarar ba, har da magoya bayan ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya, waɗanda aka kora, wanda ake zargi da rashin cin amana ga tsarin gurguzu.

A cikin 1930, gidan kayan gargajiya ya taru da wasu mutane masu ban sha'awa kamar Niels Bohr, Leon Feuchtwanger, tare da jarumi-Chelyuskin da kuma direbobi daga ma'aikatan Valery Chkalov, wadanda suka yi ban mamaki a wannan lokacin ba tare da tsayawa daga babban birnin USSR zuwa New York ba.

A cikin shekaru na farko na Warrior Patriotic War, an rufe Makarantar Masana'antu a Moscow don ziyarar, amma tun a shekarar 1944, an sake dawo da yanayin da aka yi a can.

Tarihi na gidan kayan gargajiya daga 1950 zuwa 2000

A m ci gaba da aiyuka kimiyya kwatance na post-yaki lokacin take kaiwa zuwa bude sabon nune-nunen da kuma sassan kishin makamashin nukiliya, polymer sunadarai da astronautics. A shekara ta 1991, gidan fasahar fasaha na zamani, wanda ba a taɓa jin dadi ba har ma a cikin shekarun da suka fi wuya a kasar, an hada shi a cikin manyan abubuwa masu muhimmanci na al'adun al'adu na Rasha ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasar Rasha.

Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Polytechnic na Moscow a karni na 21

A farkon shekarun 2000 ne ya zama a fili cewa an bukaci sabon tsarin da ake bukata don zanewa na zanewa da kuma tafiyar da tafiye-tafiye. Duk da haka, shekarun farko na sabon karni sun kasance daga mafi kyawun lokaci na tattalin arzikin kasar, wanda kawai yake ƙoƙari ya dawo daga rikicin da aka yi. Kuma a cikin shekarar 2010 ne aka kaddamar da sabuntawa, kuma a shekarar 2013 an rufe ginin don sake ginawa. Cibiyar fasaha ta Polytechnic ba ta daina aiki ba, yayin da aka tura kuɗin zuwa wuraren shafukan yanar gizo. Musamman, yau ana iya gani a wasu wurare a cikin VDNKh, lambar ɗakin tarbiyya 26. Bugu da ƙari, ɗayan ɗakin gidan kayan gargajiya, ciki har da ɗakunan karatu, suna aiki a kan ƙasa na Cibiyar ZIL, inda Jami'ar Yara, Lectures da Laboratories Kimiyya ke samuwa.

Musamman Polytechnic a VDNKh

Wadanda suka riga sun ziyarci sabon tallace-tallace da ke aiki a Pavilion Nama 26 sun yi iƙirarin cewa a yau shi ne ɗaya daga cikin wuraren mafi muhimmanci a Moscow ga dukan waɗanda suke sha'awar abubuwan da suka samu a kimiyya da fasaha. Yin la'akari da sake dubawa, masu kirkirar wannan shafin na wucin gadi don sanya wani ɓangare na musayar fasaha ta Polytechnic ya yi aiki mai kyau kuma yayi la'akari da ƙwarewar abokan aiki na Turai. A sakamakon haka, akwai zane-zane mai ban sha'awa, inda kowa da kowa zai iya jin kamar mai bincike yana yin muhimmin binciken kimiyya.

Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya ta Musamman a Cibiyar Harkokin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Rasha ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin ma'anar "Rasha tana yin kanta", kuma yawancinsa ya fi mayar da hankali ga masana kimiyya na gida da kuma nasarorin kimiyya.

Gudun zuwa gidan koli na 26 a VDNKh

Lokacin da baƙo ya zo gidan kayan fasahar na Polytechnic a VDNKh, to, a kowane zauren zane yana ganawa da jagororin. Amma waɗannan ba tsofaffi ne ba ko mata masu girma waɗanda suke tare da baƙi zuwa ginin a Novaya Ploshchad. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan tallace-tallace ta haɗa da fasahar zamani, har ma da masu jagora akwai hulɗa. Sabili da haka, idan mai baƙo ya so ya saurari bayanin game da sashe ko game da wani abu, ya isa ya tsaya a kan keɓance na musamman da aka haɗa da na'urorin haɗi. Bugu da ƙari, kusa da windows akwai Allunan, ta yin amfani da abin da za ka iya koya abubuwa masu ban sha'awa.

Bayani

Wadanda suka ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya a Novaya Ploshchad ba su san yadda aka yi amfani da bam na nukiliya da aka shigar a can a kan matakan ba. Amma a sabon tallan a VDNKh an ba shi babban wurin. Haka kuma, a tsaye a kan wata musamman dandali, za ka iya ji da kanka da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka haddasa a nukiliya fashewa: karfi vibration daga buga kalaman . A kaifi tashin iska na iska, da dai sauransu A wannan dakin, baƙi suna karfafa rubuta bukãta a kan takarda cranes, wanda a Japan alamar tunawa da wadanda ke fama da harin bom na Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki.

Kasancewa da sha'awa ga baƙi shi ne wuri na sararin samaniya, inda aka samar da cosmonauts kuma za ku iya lura da aiwatar da wasu gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a kan ISS, irin su hydroponics. Bugu da ƙari, mutane suna da sha'awar abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullum game da rayuwa, kuma kawai wurin da wani mutum na iya, misali, ga abin da ɗakin sararin samaniya yake kama shi ne Museum Museum. Binciken kuma yana bada shawarar ziyartar sashen "Illusions", wanda ke siffofi na musamman na kayan shafa, da kuma fina-finai 3D wanda ya wuce shekaru 40.

Menene za a nuna wa yara?

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasashe da yawa sun fara bude makarantun koyar da kayan gargajiya don yara, wanda babban manufarsa ita ce tabbatar da kimiyyar kimiyya da kuma fitarwa a tsakanin' yan makaranta. Bayani na 'yan yawon bude ido da Muscovites sun tabbatar da cewa sabon gidan fasaha na Polytechnic a Moscow, wanda hotunansa ba zai iya ba da cikakkiyar hoto na dukan bambancin da aka gabatar ba, yana daya daga cikin wurare masu kyau a babban birnin don ziyarci yara. Ya kamata mu ziyarci sassan "Analogues of Nature", "New Anthropogenesis" da kuma "A Ƙasashen Duniya". Bugu da ƙari, gidan kayan gidan kayan gargajiya yana shirya abubuwa daban-daban don 'yan makaranta, musamman a lokacin bukukuwa. A wannan yanayin, iyaye suyi la'akari da cewa don adana abubuwan da ke cikin ɗakin dakunan gidan kayan gargajiya, ana ci gaba da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin + 18 digiri, kuma ya kamata a kwashe yara don shawo kan abubuwan da suka wuce.

Farashin farashin

Aikin Musamman na Musamman a Moscow (hoto daga ɗakin kwanakinsa na VDNKh a ƙasa) yana bude don ziyara daga Talata zuwa Lahadi daga 10:00 zuwa 20:00 (Litinin ne ranar kashe). Farashin shigarwa ga manya yana da ruwaye 300, ga dalibai da kuma ma'aikata - 150 rubles. Ga masu tsohuwar soja, marasa rinjaye, kananan yara da wasu kunduka, gidan kayan gidan kayan kyauta ne kyauta.

Bayani

Idan har yanzu kunyi shakka ko yana da daraja kallon gabatarwar lokaci na Museum na Museum a VDNH, karanta nazarin masu yawon shakatawa da Muscovites a wasu dandalin. Mafi yawancin sun bayar da shawara kada su rabu da kansu da 'ya'yansu da jin dadin sanin asirin duniya mai ma'ana a sabon sabon tsari, ba kamar hanyoyin da aka sani game da ilimin kimiyyar halitta a cikin tsarin makarantar ba.

A cewar rahotanni a cikin manema labaru, za a sake buɗe masallacin Polytechnic a gine-ginen tarihi a shekara ta 2017. Muna fata cewa sake ginawa da sabuntawa zai amfane shi, kuma zai kasance daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin irin wannan a duniya.