Reindeer a cikin tundra: jinsunan description

Zai yiwu mutane da yawa za yarda da mu cewa wannan shi ne mafi kyau dabba da cewa na zaune a kan Arewa. Mafiya expanses na tundra, taiga a kasar, kazalika da arewa American rayuwar wannan majestic kyau - reindeer.

bayyanar

Wannan shi ne babban dabba tare da wani iko da jiki da kuma da dama ƙafãfunsu ma takaice. Duk da wannan, shi ya dubi sosai m, musamman a lokacin da guje. Na musamman kyau na wannan dabba ba alatu zankayen cewa da mutane na biyu mata da maza.

Yana da wani real gun deer - su taimaka wa tare kerkẽci, kuma tare da juna maza ne ba ƙi mataki kansu.

ulu

Tun da yake wannan arewacin dabbobi, da barewa yana da matukar dumi gashi. Launi ta kodadde m, kusan fararen. Ciki da m hairs. Yana dauke da iska, yin dabba iyon da kyau. Bugu da kari, wannan woolen cover kare da sanyi. Tare da farko na sanyi a undercoat bayyana m, m saukar, sa'an nan barewa ba su ji tsoron mafi m sanyi.

Molina sau ɗaya a shekara, amma tsawon isa. Tsohon undercoat fara fada a cikin watan Maris, sabon bayyana a watan Mayu. Musamman m tsari faruwa a karshen watan Yuni da kuma duk na Yuli. Har Satumba iya zama guda na wani tsohon gashi.

M da fadi da hooves damar barewa ya motsa ko da matukar zurfi snow. suka raked ya hooves, da samun su abinci. Animal wuce saukin ko swamps.

Abin ciyarwar da reindeer?

A wannan batun, da yawa za su gaya maka cewa ya ci reindeer gansakuka. Wannan ba gaba ɗaya daidai. Dalili na da iko na gansakuka, wanda aka karyata kira reindeer gansakuka. Perennial m carpeted surface Layer na kasar gona a cikin tundra. Deer ji ya turare a karkashin rabin mita dusar ƙanƙara. Duk da haka, wannan lichen tsiro sosai a sannu a hankali (game da 5 mm a kowace shekara), don haka garken shanun yi yawo a cikin taiga a search na sabon makiyaya.

Moss ne sosai gina jiki, halitta kwayoyin da aka hada a abun da ke ciki. Ci gaba da hira game da abin da ciyarwar da reindeer, ya kamata mu lura cewa gansakuka ba kawai ciyar da wadannan dabbobi. Summer deer gladly regale berries, ganye, da namomin kaza, ganyen Bishiyoyi. Ba mutane da yawa sani cewa reindeer, photos da ka iya gani a cikin wannan labarin, a wasu lokuta, za a iya aiki a matsayin mai predator, cin abinci da wasu kananan dabbobi, kamar lemmings.

Reindeer yawanci kuje a makiyaya, amma sun kara da cewa hatsi gari, hay, silage.

salon reindeer

Daya bayan daya, wadannan dabbobi ba zai iya zama. Reindeer a tundra rayuwa a cikin shanu, wanda lamba daga daya zuwa dama dubun mutane. Wannan hanya na rayuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin hijirarsa daga cikin dabbobi a cikin garke mafi saukin kare kansu daga yara. Rayuwa reindeer hade tare da m hijirarsa. Alal misali, a cikin marigayi kaka garkunan tumaki da kullum rayuwa a cikin tundra, suka tafi zuwa kudu, da taiga - a cikin hunturu a cikin wadannan yankunan da sauki a samu abinci. Wadannan iko dabbobi a search na abinci za a iya shawo kan a nesa na kan 1000 km.

makiya deer

A duk lokacin da reindeer sun riya ganima ga daban-daban da yara. Babban hadari a gare su ne Wolves da wolverines. A mafi m lokaci for su - a lokacin da deer hijirarsa. A wannan lokacin, da haihuwa da kuma raunana mutane da baya cikin garke. Wannan a kan su, kuma wolverines da Wolves kai farmaki.

Ba za mu iya ce cewa mutane su ma makiyan daji barewa. Domin da darajar da mutum ne da nama, boyewa da kuma zankayen dabbobi. Duk da wannan, alƙarya da yawa jinsunan deer suna da kyau kiyaye. A waɗannan wuraren da dabba da aka kare, suka ba su ji tsoron mutum, sau da yawa je a kan hanya bangarorin.

Yau, a yankin arewacin Turai akwai game da 600 dubu barewa, da kuma a cikin iyakacin duniya yankuna na kasar mu - game da 800 da dubu. Reindeer yafi - game da uku da miliyan samfurori.

haifuwa

A cikin kaka ta zo a cikin garkunan dabbar ta hanyar canjin kakar, wanda aka alama ta m, kuma m fadace-fadace maza. Reindeer polygamy. A cikin "harem" ne daya namiji da 15 mãtã. Duration na ciki - 246 days. Jariri 'yan maruƙa, ana haifuwarsu ne a watan Mayu da Yuni. Yawancin lokaci daya da maraƙi an haifi, shi ne yafi rare - biyu. The nauyi talakawan mariri ne 6.5 kg. Makonni biyu daga baya, jariri ya fara girma ƙahoni. Biyu da kuma wani lokacin uku shekaru domin uwar deer tafiya.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, ya kai lokacin balaga. A talakawan rai span na dabba - 20 years.

A watan Disamba, bayan da Rut, da maza zubar da kaho. Mãtan ba fita tãre da su.

Nau'in reindeer

Akwai iri biyu na wadannan dabbobi. Sinfi na farko - North American. Ya kunshi dama subspecies. Alaska, Greenland, Kanada - a ƙasa sanaki da reindeer na jinsi. A duniya an kira su caribou.

Sinfi na biyu kunshi da subspecies zaune a Eurasia - gandun daji, Finnish, Arctic reindeer, Novaya Zemlya.

kiwo a gida reindeer

Wannan category na dabba ya cancanci a raba tattaunawa. Wannan kungiyar hada da uku jinsin - Ko da, Nenets, Evenk.

Nenets irin - sakamakon shekara da kiwo aiki. Zai yiwu kana sha'awar inda reindeer wannan irin rayuwar? Dabbobi ne tartsatsi a cikin Urals. Asali bambanta da short jiki, amma a cikin dabbobi m jimiri. Launi mafi yawa ruwan kasa. Wadannan barewa ake amfani da seleji. Maza talakawan ku auna nauyi 140 kg, mace - 100 kg.

Evenki reindeer a kan tundra ne sau da yawa amfani da su safarar kaya. Sau da yawa, shi ne kai dabbobi.

The Ko deer - low, saboda haka kasa Hardy. Yawancin lokaci, suna bred don samar da madara da nama.

Ta yaya ne reindeer

More kwanan nan, da rayuwa na mutane da yawa dogara a kan wannan dabba, kamar reindeer. A tundra na samuwar dan'adam ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da irin wannan mataimaki. Namun daji, mutanen Arewa farauta don samar da nama a cikin wannan hanya. Amma mafi sau da yawa bred reindeer. Domin arewacin mutanen wannan dabba ne na kowa da kowa. A cikin abinci amfani da nama, kayan ciki. Mãtan reindeer samar da m madara. Da halaka da kuma yaranga cover konkoma karãtunsa fãtun dabbobi. Fata takalma da kuma dinka saman hunturu tufafi.

Daga ake konkoma karãtunsa fãtun barewa, wanda ake kira mariri, dinka overalls da kuma kara ga matasa 'yan Arewa da kuma huluna ga manya.

Daga kananan guda na ulu samar tsarabobi, kayan ado.

Amma shakka, deer antler (sau da yawa ake kira Pant) ne mafi muhimmanci da kayan. Na su sanya wani iri-iri na iyali abubuwa. Amma su main darajar da yake a cikin warkar Properties. Domin fiye da 3,000 shekaru na Oriental likitoci amfani da tsantsa daga kaho mu bi da mutane.

Ba haka ba da dadewa, zamani malaman sha'awar wannan tambaya me ya sa kawai deer iya sake saita ƙaho, da kuma a cikin wuri ne sabon. Bayan bincike, sun kammala - a kaho samu a gene alhakin farfadowa daga kashi Kwayoyin. Saboda haka cire daga gare su ko foda karfe amfani domin lura da tsanani cututtuka na ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci. Bugu da kari, shirye-shirye dangane da kaho - mai iko immunostimulatory wakili. Suna nada tare da m jiki da hankulansu gajiya.

A zamanin da a matsayin cartage amfani reindeer. A tundra, harnessed zuwa seleji, ya saukin kai da rundunar a daidai wurin a kan hanya. Yau, tare da ci gaba na fasaha, da bukatar ya bace. Amma yanzu, reindeer, wanda hotuna sau da yawa ƙawata promotional hanyoyin arewacin yankunan, da gudummawa wajen bukukuwa, hawa yawon bude ido.

A arewacin yankunan kasar mu, a wuya yanayin damina da mutane sun gudanar ya halicci wani sabon abu dabba husbandry. Mutane damu game da deer ne a kare su daga dabbobin daji a cikin hunturu, kuma daga kwari a lokacin rani. Ba dole ne a ce cewa ayyuka da nufin a wannan, ba ko da yaushe tasiri.

Duk da dukan amfanin da wayewa, da kuma a yau, a saman mataimaki daga wasu mutane - reindeer. A tundra wuya a rayuwa ba tare da wannan kyau da kuma karfi dabba.