Tarihi da kuma bayanin irin Eyjafjallajökull aman wuta

Daga a tarihi mai nisa, volcanoes suna tsoron da kuma janyo hankalin mutum da kansa. za su iya barci saboda ƙarni. An misali ne kwanan nan tarihi na Eyjafjallajökull aman wuta. Mutane horar da filayen a kan gangara na wuta dutsen, hawa na kololuwa, gina gidaje. Amma jima ko daga baya da wuta-numfashi dutsen tana farkawa, shi zai kawo halaka da kuma bala'i.

Shi ne na shida most gleiser a Iceland, located a kan kudu 125 km gabashin Reykjavik. Ƙarƙashinsa, kuma m gleiser partially boyewa Myurdalsyokudl aman wuta da ciwon conical siffar.

A tsawo daga cikin kololuwa gleiser 1666 mita, ta size - game da 100 murabba'in kilomita. Volcanic bakin dutse ya kai wani diamita na 4 km. Biyar da suka wuce, sãsanninta, an rufe shi da glaciers. Mafi kusa gari - kauyen skógar located a kudancin gleiser. Daga nan fãra kogin Skougau, tare da shahararrun waterfall skógafoss.

A Icelandic aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull - asalin sunan

Aman wuta Name zo daga uku Icelandic kalmomi cewa nuna a fakaice Island gleiser da dutsen. Zai yiwu shi ya sa shi ne don haka da wuya ka furta da talauci adana. Kamar yadda masana ilimin harsuna ce, shi ne kawai karamin sashi na Duniya ta mazaunan iya furta shi daidai - da aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull. Fassara daga Icelandic kalma for kalma sauti kamar "Tsibirin dutsen gleiser."

Aman wuta babu sunan

Kamar yadda irin wannan, da jumlar "aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull" shiga lexicon na duniya a shekarar 2010. Yana da ban dariya, idan ka yi la'akari da cewa a gaskiya da wuta-numfashi duwãtsu na wannan sunan ba wanzu a yanayi. A Iceland, da yawa daga glaciers da volcanoes. Last akwai a tsibirin game da talatin. A 125 km daga Reykjavik, a kudancin Iceland, shi ne fairly manyan gleiser. Shi ya raba sunansa tare da aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull.

An located a ƙasa da aman wuta, wanda ga mutane da yawa ƙarni bai zo da sunan. Shi ne Nameless. A watan Afrilu 2010, ya firgita da dukan Turai don wani lokaci zama duniya newsmaker. Domin kada ya kira shi Nameless aman wuta, kafofin watsa labarai da aka tambaye to suna da sunansa gleiser - Eyjafjallajokull. Domin kada ya rudar da mu masu karatu, za mu koma zuwa gare shi a matsayin da kyau.

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Icelandic aman wuta Eyyafyatlayokudl stratovolcano ne na hali. A wasu kalmomin, shi ne kafa ta mahara yadudduka mazugi curable cakuda lawa, ash, duwatsu da dai sauransu.

Iceland ta Eyjafjallajokull aman wuta ne aiki for 700 000 shekara, amma tun 1823 shi dangana ga category barci. Ya ce cewa tun farkon na XIX karni eruptions shi ba a gyarawa. Musamman dalilin damuwa ga masana kimiyya jihar Eyjafjallajokull aman wuta ba tsĩrar. Sun gano cewa, shi ya barke sau da yawa a cikin past karni. Duk da haka, wadannan manifestations na aiki za a iya dangana ga m - suka gabatar ba cutarwa ga mutane. Kamar yadda takardun nuna, na karshe shigowa ba su sãɓã ba ta manyan watsi da volcanic ash, lawa kuma zafi gas.

Irish Eyjafjallajokull aman wuta - da labarin daya shigowa

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, bayan da shigowa da aman wuta a 1823 gane barci. A karshen shekarar 2009 shi ya karu girgizar kasa aiki. Har Maris 2010, an yi ta game da dubu aftershocks karfi a 1-2 points. Wannan tashin hankali da ya faru a zurfin game da 10 km.

A watan Fabrairu 2010, ma'aikata na meteorological Cibiyar Iceland da taimako na GPS-ma'aunai rubuce a cikin yankin na gleiser hijirar na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi zuwa 3 cm a kudu-maso-gabas. Aiki na ci gaba da girma da kuma kai da ganiya a 3 - 5 Maris. A wannan lokaci, rubuta shi ne dubu uku tremors a rana.

A jira na shigowa

Daga cikin hadari zone a kusa da aman wuta hukuma yanke shawarar fitad da 500 mazauna yankin, da tsoro na ambaliya yankin, wanda na iya haifar da zafin narkewa glaciers, rufe Iceland ta Eyjafjallajokull aman wuta. A matsayin shirinku, mu rufe filin jirgin saman Keflavik.

A Maris 19 tremors sun koma ga gabashin arewacin bakin dutse. Suka fita ba a zurfin 4 - 7 km. Aiki hankali yada kara zuwa gabas, da kuma tremors fara faruwa kusa da surface.

A 23:00 on Afrilu 13 masana kimiyya Iceland na girgizar kasa aiki a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na aman wuta da aka gyarawa, yamma na biyu fasa. An hour daga baya, shi ya fara wani sabon shigowa a kudu da tsakiyar caldera. A al'amudin zafi ash tashi zuwa 8 km.

Ina da wani crack tsawon fiye da 2 kilomita. Gleiser fara rayayye ya narke, da ruwa ya kwararo biyu arewa da kuma kudu zuwa lugar yankunan. Gaggawa 700 mutane aka kwashe. A lokacin da rana narke ruwa flooded mota hanya, tun farko hallaka. A kudancin Iceland ta volcanic ash adibas da aka rubuta.

By Afrilu 16 a shafi na ash kai 13 kilomita. Wannan shryuwa masana kimiyya. Lokacin da ash aka dauke zuwa tsawo na fiye da 11 kilomita saman teku matakin, shi da ke shiga cikin stratosphere da za a iya canjawa wuri a tsawon nisa. A baza na ash wajen gabas da gudummawar da karfi anticyclone kan arewa Atlantic.

A karshe shigowa

Yana da aka Maris 20, 2010. Wannan rana ta fara karshe shigowa da aman wuta a Iceland. Eyjafjallajokull karshe farka a 23:30 GMT. A gabas na gleiser kafa sabani, da tsawon wanda shi game mita 500.

A wannan lokaci, an rubuta manyan ash da kima. Afrilu 14 shigowa tsananta. A sa'an nan, kuma akwai m watsi da babbar yawa volcanic ash. A wannan dangane da shi ya rufaffiyar sararin samaniyar kan na Turai har 20 Afrilu 2010. Riqo na wuccin iyaka flights Mayun 2010. Masana sun kiyasta tsanani na shigowa a kan VEI sikelin da maki 4.

m ash

Ya kamata a lura cewa, ba abin m ya ba hali na aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull. Bayan girgizar kasa aiki, wanda dade watanni da dama, a cikin gleiser yankin a cikin dare na 20 a kan 21 ga watan Maris ta fara kyawawan shiru shigowa. Wannan ba har ma da aka ambata a cikin latsa. Duk abin da ya canza kawai a cikin dare daga 13 zuwa 14 ga watan Afrilu, lokacin da shigowa aka tare da a saki babbar adadin volcanic ash, kuma ya shafi kai mai girma.

Rushewar aka lalacewa ta hanyar iska kai?

Yana da daraja ambata cewa tun Maris 20, 2010 kan Old World iska kai looming auka. Ya aka hade da aman wuta, da girgije, Ya halitta ba zato ba tsammani tada aman wuta Eyjafjallajökull. Inda ta samu karfin zama shiru daga XIX karni, da dutsen yana ba a sani ba, amma sannu a hankali wani babban girgije da ash, wanda ya fara da nunawa a kan Afrilu 14, ya rufe Turai.

Bayan ƙulli daga sararin samaniyar da aka gurgunta fiye da ɗari uku da filayen jiragen sama a fadin Turai. Mutane da yawa da ƙararrawa tsĩrar da volcanic ash da kuma Rasha masana. A kasar mu, an tsare ko gaba daya soke daruruwan flights. Dubban mutane, ciki har da Russia, da halin da ake ciki sa ran inganta a cikin filayen jiragen sama a duk faɗin duniya.

A girgijen volcanic ash son a yi wasa da mutane, kullum canza shugabanci da kuma cikakken ba "saurare" ga masana, soothing matsananciyar mutane cewa shigowa zai dade ba.

Geophysics meteorological Iceland Afrilu 18 ya ce "RIA Novosti", cewa su iya hango ko hasashen tsawon lokacin shigowa. Adam ne ɗaure a ga wani shafe tsawon "yaki" da aman wuta da kuma farkon kirgawa gagarumin hasarori.

Oddly isa, amma Tada Eyjafjallajökull aman wuta a Iceland for kanta ba su da wani tsanani sakamakon, sai dai watakila domin fitarwa da kuma wucin gadi ƙulli daga filin jirgin sama.

Domin nahiyar Turai wata babbar shafi na volcanic ash zama wani bala'i, ba shakka, a cikin kai al'amari. Wannan ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa volcanic ash yana da jiki Properties da suke da hadarin gaske musamman ga jirgin sama. Lokacin da allura a cikin injin turbin na jirgin sama shi ne iya dakatar da engine, wanda zai lalle kai ga wani mummunan bala'i.

Hadarin jirgin sama zuwa a sau qara saboda manyan yawa na volcanic ash a cikin iska, wanda muhimmanci rage ganuwa. Wannan shi ne musamman m lokacin da m. Volcanic ash zai iya sa matsalar aiki na samfur na kan-jirgin lantarki da kuma rediyo kayan aiki a kan abin da aminci daga cikin jirgin dogara sun fi mayar.

hasarori

A shigowa na aman wuta Eyjafjallajokull ya kawo asara ga Turai yawon shakatawa da kamfanonin. Suna da'awar cewa su asarar wuce $ 2.3 biliyan, da kuma lalata kullum hits a aljihu, shi ne kamar $ 400 miliyan

Asarar da aka kiyasta kamfanonin jiragen sama a hukumance adadin zuwa $ 1.7 biliyan. Tada rashin tsoro duwãtsu shafi 29% na duniya jirgin sama. Kowace rana aka yi garkuwa da shigowa ya zama fiye da miliyan fasinjoji.

Ya sha wahala da kuma Rasha "Tunisair". A lokacin rufe na sama Lines kan Turai da kamfanin ya ba complied tare a cikin lokaci 362 jirgin. Asarar ta miliyoyin daloli.

ra'ayoyin masana

Masana sun bayar da hujjar cewa volcanic girgije gaske ne mai tsanani Hazard zuwa jirgin sama. Lokacin da ya buga ta da ƙungiya lura da wani sosai matalauta Ganuwar. Jirgin lantarki aiki tare da manyan katsalandan.

A sakamakon idon yayi kamar gilashi "shirt" a kan na'ura mai juyi ruwan wukake, clogging orifices wanda ake amfani da samar da iska zuwa engine da kuma sauran sassa na jirgin sama, zai iya sa su zama mabuwãya ba. Tare da wannan yarjejeniya da kuma shugabannin airships.

Katla aman wuta

Bayan da lalata da ayyuka na Eyjafjallajökull aman wuta, masana kimiyya da dama annabta ko da more iko shigowa da wani Icelandic rashin tsoro dutsen - Katla. Shi ne da yawa girma da kuma karfi fiye da Eyjafjallajokull.

A karshe biyu Millennium, a lokacin da mutane kallo da shigowa da Eyjafjallajökull, bi da wani lokaci-lokaci na watanni shida, fashe da Katla.

Wadannan volcanoes suna located a kudancin Iceland, a nesa na goma sha takwas kilomita daga juna. Sun raba na kowa tsarin na karkashin kasa magma tashoshi. Katla bakin dutse aka located a karkashin wani gleiser mýrdalsjökull. Its yanki na 700 sq. km, kauri - mita 500. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa a lokacin da shigowa na ash a cikin yanayi da dama sau goma fiye da a 2010. Amma sa'a, duk da ominous tsinkaya daga masana kimiyya, Katla duk da haka ba alamu na rai.