Valdai Hills: taimako, da kõguna da sauyin yanayi. Valdai Hills a kan taswira

Daya daga cikin hotunan da kuma musamman a cikin kyakkyawa, sauyin yanayi da kuma halitta fasali na Rasha wurare ne Valdai Hills. A cikin zuciya na shi ya ta'allaka da garin Valdai, wanda tarihi ya koma kusan shekara ɗari biyar. Ga yarda je da yawa yawon bude ido. Daya daga cikin dalilan domin shahararsa ta wannan hanya matafiya - kusanci zuwa manyan birane irin su Moscow, Novgorod, St. Petersburg. Valdai Hills hadawa da dama tuddai da ridges, da most of wanda - Valdai, Vyshevolotskaya, Ostashkovskaya. Ga fãra Kogin Volga, Western Dvina, Dnieper, akwai mutane da yawa ma'adinai marẽmari, makullin da marẽmari.

location Map

Valdai Hills a kan taswira aka located in Novgorod, Smolensk da Tver yankuna, jera a cikin Pskov da kuma Birnin Leningrad, a arewa maso yammacin kasar Rasha Federation. A tsawon tudun - game da 600 km tsawo jeri daga 150 zuwa 250 km. Tsororuwar - 346, 9 km.

The taimako na Valdai Hills

Domin wannan yanki ne halin da sãɓãwar ridges, hollows da depressions. Akwai kananan filayen. A matsakaicin tsayi na tuddai - 20-50 m, da mataki na gangara - 15-20 da kuma sama. Basin da depressions ayi tsakanin tsaunuka, sau da yawa cike da kuma samar da kananan tabkuna. A Valdai Hills hadawa uku siffofin taimako: outwash, Kamov kuma m moraine. Bayyanar da ƙasa da aka kafa ta hanyar glacial aiki. Sauran taimako samuwar dalilai ne kaɗan.

sauyin yanayi Valdai

A cikin gida ƙasa aka mamaye laima. Short sanyi lokacin bazaar, kuma dogon dumi kaka - irin yanayin bambanta Valdai Hills. A sauyin yanayi ne temperate nahiyar, sosai kama da teku. Valdai gwada da dumi hunturu da kuma bazara - tsawo da sanyi. Weather yanayi da ake kafa da wurare dabam dabam na iska talakawa. Ƙasa accumulates Arctic iska da kuma iska temperate latitudes. Continental iska na temperate latitudes bada zafi a cikin rani da kuma sanyi, a hunturu, da kuma sets teku a lokacin rani da kuma ruwa weather da snowfalls narke a cikin sanyi kakar. Kullum, yanayin ne m at Valdai, za a iya cika fuska canza.

A kan talakawan, da iska warms har zuwa 3.2 ⁰ C in winter, da yawan zafin jiki aka saukar zuwa 10 -9 ..- ⁰ C, rani talakawan zafin jiki ne 16 ⁰ C. da rinjaye iskõki - yamma, kudu da kuma kudu-maso-yammacin. A talakawan shekara-shekara hazo dan kadan fiye da 800 mm na ruwan sama, snow zurfin kai 50 cm.

Hydrology

A kan tudun ne watershed na Baltic Sea, da Volga da Dnieper. A nan ne asalin wannan kõguna a matsayin MSTA, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sjas, Paul, kaya da sauransu. River Valdai Hills ne a cikin m, Rapids, zurfin kwaruruka. Abinci mai gina jiki da suka sami saboda narke snow da kuma ruwan sama da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa. River rufe da kankara domin game da 4-5 watanni a shekara. Daskare-up ya auku a watan Disamba, da kuma BREAKING up na kankara - a watan Afrilu, tare da farkon spring - a watan Maris ko Fabrairu.

A kogin da aka samu a manyan yawan jinsuna daban na kifi: perch, Pike, minnow, burbot, Pike, damuwa, bream, Chub, bream, IDE, roach da sauransu.

Lake na wannan sunan - Valdai - kyau, mai tsabta. Af, "Valda" na nufin "tsabta", "haske". Yana nufin da na halitta Monuments. The lake is located a kan wani yanki na game da biyu kadada, ta talakawan zurfin - 15 mita, amma a wasu wurare har zuwa 50 mita. A surface na kandami akwai da dama tsibiran. Birch da Ash - daya daga cikin mafi girma, suka raba lake a cikin biyu Iya kai - Valdai da Dolgoborodsky. Ya ƙara da kyakkyawa zuwa wannan wuri kasancewa a kan gaba na Lake Iver sufi da kararrawa gidan kayan gargajiya. Bayan da farko jefa a Valdai karrarawa ya kasance da babban zama.

Lakeland gaskiya kira Valdai Hills a kan taswira wanda yake fiye da dozin tabkuna. The most of su - Seliger, Vella, Dinner, Borovno, Ilmen. A cikin tafkin gina wani yawan daban-daban hutu cibiyoyin, inda matafiya bayar yawanci Rasha hutu - wanka a cikin wanka, barbecue, kama kifi.

kasa Parks

Valdai Hills - mai tsananin kyau yankin domin wuri nan na kasa Parks. Valdai National Park da aka halitta a shekara ta 1990 da manufar hutu da kuma adana yanayi na yankin. Wannan halitta naúrar mamaye fiye da mutum ɗari da dubu kadada. A wurin shakatawa akwai gandun daji, tabkuna, da waɗansu kõguna, sanaki daban-daban da wakilan na dabba duniya. Mutane da yawa irin ciyayi, aka jera a matsayin miyagun nan. Yana polushnik bristly, lady ta sifila, Orchis militaris, paltsekornik Baltic da yawa wasu. A karkashin kariya da jihar ne fiye da dari jinsuna daban na mosses.

Ga sheƙa fiye da 150 jinsunan tsuntsaye. The rare jinsunan da aka hange: black shamuwa, peregrine shaho, zinariya mikiya da ungulu. Kazalika da launin toka heron, Kingfisher, black woodpecker, woodpecker, wasu breeds, bittern. Fauna da aka wakilta taro jinsunan: kurege, fox, ruwan kasa bear, rekun kare, a Lynx, wani linzamin kwamfuta.

Valdai National Park riko mai girma kimiyya aiki, daya daga cikin yankunan da abin da yake ilimi aiki tsakanin yara. A wurin shakatawa ne wani ɓangare na wani Tarayya na kasa Parks a Turai.

Beautiful wasanni yanki ne Valdai Hills, inda akwai wurare da dama na dama. A kan bankunan na koguna da tabkuna gina sansanonin, hutu cibiyoyin. Suka ci gaba yin yawo, kayaking, gudun kan da hawan doki.

A kududdufai Sebezh National Park gida a kan 20 jinsunan kifaye: tench, bano, IDE, Pike, rare - peled, kifi, azurfa irin kifi. A wurin shakatawa akwai da yawa tabkuna da koguna suna juna a guda ruwa tsarin. The most tabkuna a nan - Sebezh da Necheritsa.

reserves

Valdaiskaya tudun ma ya hada da wani kare zone. Yana Polistovsky da Rdeysky reserves. A nan, kazalika a kasa Parks, gudanar da kimiyya aiki. Saboda da wanzuwar irin wannan reserves a Rasha yana bunkasa hutu yankin kamar yadda aiyukan-yawon shakatawa. Yana shirya yawon shakatawa da kuma dukan balaguro da dare xaukan cikin alfarwai, dafa a kan wani campfire. Reserve ma'aikatan da yara yi da kuma shigar da m ãyõyi a kan muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi.

ciyayi

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauyin yanayi tare da wuce haddi danshi a kan ƙasa na Valdai kafa sod-podzolic kasa. A wadannan filaye tsautsayi ɓangare na low humus girma da farko coniferous itatuwa - Pine da spruce. Akwai kuma rare iri ta kunsa da predominance na arewacin ciyayi, wato arewacin oak da ash, Hazel. Akwai da yawa dausayi.