Zuba jari fayil - yana da ... wani zuba jari a Rasha. jawo zuba jari

A cikin mahallin da kwanan nan kammala rikicin zuba jari theme iya zama da muhimmanci ƙwarai. A yiwuwa na Securities koma. A ko ta wani hanya tattalin arziki Hakika na duniya kudi Tsarin shi ne ya gina wani karfi kasuwar tattalin arzikin da zama dole wurare dabam dabam na Securities da ƙwazo zuba jari aiki a cikin yanayi na dogon lokacin da kudi da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa al'amurran da suka shafi na rubuce-rubuce, da mafi kyau duka hali a kasuwa ne makawa kuma shi ne na muhimmancin gaske. A irin wannan yanayi, masu zuba jari suna da bukatar ci gaba da ingantaccen tattalin arziki da fasaha. Kuma haka wani muhimmin factor for aiki m ayyuka ne da halittar wani zuba jari fayil. Duk da haka, fayil zuba jari - menene wannan? Mene ne su muhimmanci, da kuma abin da suke da irin wannan fasahar?

Riba da kuma hadarin

Yana da wuya a sami Securities cewa su ne biyu sosai m, sosai m kuma sosai ruwa. Yawancin lokaci takarda da daya ko biyu na sama Properties. Zuba jari fayil - ne m rarraba da zuba jari fayil tsakanin daban-daban kungiyoyin na dukiya. Goals, da manufofin da farko saita lokacin da samuwar cikin fayil aka ƙaddara percentages tsakanin kungiyoyin da kuma iri na dukiya. Savvy masu zuba jari a hankali a siffata da fayil na dukiya, wanda zai hada barga dawo da m hadarin - babban aiki ga wani manajan a kudi cibiyoyin. Zuba jari fayil - yana da wani babban Hanyar da aka makala cewa ba ka damar samun daidaituwa tsakanin riba da kuma hadarin.

Wa jari

Jawo zuba jari - a hanyar yin amfani da kudi da albarkatun ga dogon lokacin da zuba jari. Zuba jari ake za'ayi da mutane ko doka abokai, wanda ya kasu kashi zuba jari, 'yan wasa, speculators da kuma' yan kasuwa, dangane da mataki na sayar da hadarin. Su wanene su? A zuba jari ne mafi sha'awar minimizing kasada. Kasuwa jari a wani dan kadan mataki na hadarin. A speculator ne yarda ya je wani predefined hadarin. A player - wani mutum wanda yana shirye domin wani hadarin. Zuba jari a Rasha unsa dukkan mahalarta - daga manyan masu zuba jari ga 'yan wasan da kuma speculators.

daban na zuba jari

Mene ne zuba jari? Direct, fayil, kamfani babban birnin kasar da kuma annuity. Ya kamata a magance kowane ra'ayi.

Kamfanin Zuba Jari - wani m zuba jari, wanda ake zuba jari a cikin sabon kasuwanci yankunan da za su iya nuna high ya dawo, amma kuma suna da wani babban mataki na hadarin. Kamfanin Zuba Jari mafi yawa ana raba tsakanin wadanda ba related ayyukan for sauri sama a kan zuba jari.

Direct - suna zuba jari a cikin izini babban birnin kasar da batun cire kudin shiga da baya samun dama su shiga a cikin gwamnatin da kuma gudanar da batun.

Zuba jari fayil - Waɗannan su ne matakai hade da samuwar na zuba jari fayil, wanda shi ne mai tarin sayi Securities da sauran dukiya. Fayil zuba jari ne Jimlar dabi'u cewa bauta a matsayin wani kayan aiki don cimma manufofin baya aza gudummawa. By kuma manyan kudi zuba jari fayil na iya ƙunsar guda irin Securities (hannun jari), kazalika da da dama darajar (shaidu, jinginar gida takardun shaida na ajiya da kuma tanadi takardun shaida, inshora, kuma haka a).

Annuity - da irin wannan zuba jari, wanda ya kawo kudin shiga ga depositor a wani tazara (fensho da kuma inshora kudi).

muhimmancin fayil

Zuba jari dabarun da aka ƙaddara da irin abubuwan da yiwuwar kai tsaye zuba jari da kuma jihar na kasuwar. Fayil zuba jari da yawan amfanin da kuma siffofin kan sauran iri babban birnin kasar zuba jari, godiya ga gaban da fayil, wanda aka gane kamar yadda na ga shari'a mahaluži ko mutum Securities. A cikin ci gaba da stock kasuwanni fayil an riga aiki a matsayin standalone samfurin da kuma ta sayar da hannun jari ko gaba ɗaya gamsar da zuba jari bukatar zuba jari da kudi a cikin stock kasuwanni. A cikin kasuwar sayar wasu zuba jari ingancin tare da ba sigogi da kuma dangantaka tsakanin hadarin da kuma sama, wanda za a iya inganta a kan aiwatar da manajan wannan fayil.

A kyawawa na fayil zuba jari

Zuba jari fayil - shi ne mai m kayan aiki da damar ka ka saka idanu da kuma kimanta sakamakon da zuba jari aiki a cikin daban-daban sassa na kasuwar. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan wani fayil - a sa na shaidu da kuma hannun jari tare da daban-daban digiri na hadarin, kazalika da wani yawan Securities da ajali albashi tabbas ta jihar, wato, wanda da kadan hadarin hasarori a halin yanzu samun kudin shiga da kuma babba. Samar da wani fayil - shi ne wani ƙoƙari na inganta da kuma inganta da yanayin zuba jari a matsayin sa na yau da baiwa da halaye unachievable guda takarda, da kuma kawai zai yiwu tare da hade. A kan aiwatar da samuwar wani zuba jari fayil samu wani sabon ingancin tare da zama dole halaye ga wani sa na Securities. Saboda haka, zuba jari fayil - wani kayan aiki da samar da ake buƙata kudi na sama da kadan hadarin. An yi imani da cewa wadannan iri kudi management nuna balaga da kasuwar jari a kasar. Wannan shi ne cikakken gaskiya, kamar yadda fayil zuba jari a Rasha sun kasance kusan ba zai yiwu ko da a cikin tsakiyar nineties.

Suke da sha'awar in fayil zuba jari

Daga wani m ra'ayi, akwai iri biyu sha'awar abokan ciniki. A farko - ba zuwa ga waɗanda akwai matsala na jeri na free kudi. Su inert da manyan jama'a da hukumomi, da daban-daban kudi. Nau'i na biyu - a matsakaici-sized bankuna, kananan brokerages cewa sun kama abokan ciniki 'bukatun farko da irin da kuma tura zuwa tafarkin da ra'ayin fayil zuba jari. Babu shakka, a cikin CIS kasashe da wuya a magana game da rubuce-rubuce abokan ciniki a matsayin aiwatar da samuwar masu sana'a stock kasuwa mahalarta da kuma m manyan masu zuba jari ne da nisa daga kan. Duk da haka, bukatar na karuwa a kowace shekara, kamar yadda girma da kuma zuba jari kasuwar (kasuwar fayil).

Principles of samuwar wani fayil

Akwai da dama key sharudda cewa ya kamata a bi a lokacin da samar da wani zuba jari fayil:

- zuba jari dole ne ya kasance mai lafiya (zuba jari da ake bukata domin zama kamar invulnerable).

- albashi dole ne barga.

- dole ne bi don zuba jari liquidity sharudda (watau cikin ikon da sauri saya ko sayar da su).

Babu shakka, babu wani daga cikin jami'an tsaro bai mallaki wadannan halaye a lokaci daya, yiwuwar kara hadarin fayil zuba jari. Duk da haka, manufar da fayil kanta yakan haifar da jayayya. Alal misali, idan wani stock ne abin dogara, zai yi low samun kudin shiga, kamar yadda fifita AMINCI zai biya more kuma "harbe saukar" samun kudin shiga. Zuba jari fayil - shi ne a cimma ganiya hade da amfanin ƙasa / hadarin ga harkokin zuba jari, wato, a sa na kayan aikin ne don kara samun kudin shiga ga iyakar da kuma rage kasada zuwa m. Wannan kiwata tambaya na yadda za a ƙayyade da rabo tsakanin hadarin da kuma sama. Akwai da dama ka'idodinta classic fayil diversification, isa liquidity da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya.

A farko manufa - conservatism

A rabo tsakanin m ne kuma abin dogara installments ya zama irin wannan cewa zai yiwu asarar da m rabo na samun kudin shiga ta rufe m sassa. Zuba jari hadarin shi ne kawai a samun wani low samun kudin shiga, maimakon a asarar babba. Amma, ba shakka, ba tare da hadarin da kasancewa iya ƙidaya a high albashi.

Doka ta biyu - diversification

By kuma manyan wannan shi ne wani tsarin kowace zuba jari fayil. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa "ba sa duk qwai a daya kawai kwando." Wannan shi ne ba da su zuba jari a daya kawai irin takarda, ko ta yaya m da irin wannan zuba jari iya ze. Irin wannan hani don kauce wa lalacewa. Rage kasadar ta hanyar diversification yana nufin cewa low samun kudin shiga a wasu Securities za a biya diyya ta babbar samun kudin shiga daga sauran Securities. Haše-haše aka fadada biyu tsakanin segments da kuma a cikin su. Fi dacewa, hadarin da aka rage girmanta ta hada da daban-daban irin wannan abu a matsayin wani zuba jari da harkokin kasuwanci, dukiya, Securities, mai daraja karafa da kuma sauransu. Wannan ne mafi cancanta ga akida na babban zuba jari: shiyya da aluma diversification.

The uku manufa - isasshen liquidity

Jigon da manufa shi ne ci gaba a wasu bangare azumi motsi Securities ba a kasa mai isa matakin for m kudaden shiga ma'amaloli. Yi ya nuna cewa riba don ci gaba da wani ɓangare na babban birnin kasar a sosai ruwa dukiya, saboda yana ba ka damar da sauri da kuma nagarta sosai amsa yiwu canje-canje a kasuwa trends.

fayil samu

Zuba jari fayil - shi ne daya daga cikin zuba jari hanyoyin, da samun kudin shiga daga wanda babban kudin shiga daga duk Securities da suke kunshe a cikin wannan fayil. Duk da haka, akwai batun na yarda da riba da kuma hadarin, wanda dole ne a warware sauri. The fayil tsarin da aka daure su zama m da kullum inganta saduwa da buri na masu zuba jari game da wannan hadarin / riba. A lokacin da la'akari da wannan tambaya, kamar yadda halittar wani fayil, shi wajibi ne don ayyana asali sigogi:

- selection na mafi kyau duka nau'in fayil.

- Ƙimar na dace hade da riba da kuma hadarin.

- tabbatar da dalilin da abun da ke ciki na farko kasawa na Securities zuwa da rabo daga cikin fayil (matakin hadarin / sama).

Lalle, tambaya taso, abin da su ne iri fayil zuba jari.

The main iri zuba jari mukamai

Jawo zuba jari da kafa wani fayil yana da wani jinsin amfani a cikin nau'i na aiki mafita daga daban-daban musamman ayyuka. A saboda wannan dalili, da dama iri da fayil wadda ne, a gaskiya, da manyan halaye dangane da rabo kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa kasada. An muhimmanci alama ga rarrabuwa na mukamai - tushen samun kudin shiga. Wannan na iya zama wani Yunƙurin a cikin kudin ko halin yanzu biya - sha'awa, dividends. Basic iri biyu ne kawai: fayil samun kudin shiga (da nufin yin wani riba daga dividends da kuma ban sha'awa), da kuma fayil girma (mayar da hankali a kan karuwar darajar zuba jari dukiya, hada da fayil).

girma mukamai

Dalilin da girma na cikin fayil - riba daga girma a cikin darajar da kadarori. Wannan irin na iya zama duka m (matsakaicin riba a mayar da martani ga babban kasada) da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya (matsakaici samu da kuma m hadarin). M fayil shi ne kullum kasa barga, tun da shi ne bisa alamar matasa kamfanoni. Conservative guda kunshi hannun jari na ya fi girma kamfanoni. Ya na da yawa mafi girma da zaman lafiya da kuma kasa hadarin, amma kuma wani muhimmanci ƙananan da ake samu.

fayil samun kudin shiga

samun kudin shiga fayil hada hannun jari, wanda ake halin da matsakaici karuwa a cikin kudi da kuma barga dividends. Dalilin da fayil shi ne don samar da wani barga samun kudin shiga tare da kadan hadarin. Abubuwan da wannan irin fayil zuba jari: m kasuwar kayan aiki da a daidaita rabo na kasuwa darajar da amfani da za a biya. Akwai ma biyu subtypes wannan fayil:

- mukamai na yau da kullum samun kudin shiga, wanda ya zo da talakawan matakin na samun kudin shiga, amma kafa na lafiya dukiya.

- albashi Securities mukamai, wanda ya kunshi shaidu kuma Securities, wanda sun fi riba, amma ci gaba da talakawan matakin na hadarin.

A hada fayil na samun kudin shiga da kuma ci gaban

Hada zuba jari fayil - shi ne wani ƙoƙari don kauce wa asarar daga duka ƙananan amfani ko ribar da fall a kadara darajar a cikin kasuwar jari. Wasu daga cikin takardun da ya kawo ci gaban da kudin da babban birnin kasar, yayin da wasu - kudin shiga. A wannan yanayin, da asarar daya daga cikin sassa biyu za a cika ta da sauran. Akwai da dama irin wannan nau'in na zuba jari:

- Portfolios dual hada da takarda, wadda kawo kudin shiga ga masu ta kara babban birnin kasar zuba jarin. A wannan yanayin, da tambaya da Securities dual-manufa kudi, wanda nuna iri biyu takarda. A farko mayar da hankali a kan m samun kudin shiga, da kuma na biyu - a babban birnin kasar samu.

- daidaita fayil cewa unsa ma'auni na ba kawai samun kudin shiga, amma har da kasada da cewa zancen da ake gudanar da Securities. Saboda haka, irin wannan shi ne zuba jari fayil kamar daidai rabbai da kadarori da kuma high yawan amfanin ƙasa na Securities daga girma kudin. A abun da ke ciki na da fayil iya hada irin wannan kida na kasuwar jari, a matsayin fi so kuma kowa hannun jari, shaidu.

A tsarin da fayil kuma zuba jari manufofin

Cancantar dace hade da amfanin ƙasa, kuma hadarin daidai da lissafi na musamman nauyi fayil kunshi Securities tare da daban-daban samun kudin shiga matakan da hadarin, - babban manufar wani jari. Wannan matsala ne saboda abin da janar manufa na aiki a cikin kasuwar jari: mafi hadarin da aka haifa dabam dauka da takarda, da karin kudaden shiga da shi da zai yi. Wannan ka'ida ta shafi a baya shugabanci. Yana da wannan manufa da kuma ya kamata a shiryar da a zabar irin fayil dabarun da kuma kara shiryar da su: ra'ayin mazan jiya, m, moderately m, m, m, unsystematic, sosai abin dogara da kuma low-samun kudin shiga, ko mataimakin versa. A tsarin da sha'anin zuba jari da kuma fayil management dabarun ne kai tsaye dogara a kan manufar zuba jari.