Ƙasa makanikai - ka'idar m tushe

Ƙasa makanikai ne mai horo da karatu da zaman lafiyar, karfin da iri-danniya Jihar ƙasa talakawa. Har ila yau, kasar gona makanikai nazarin batutuwan compressibility ƙasa yadudduka da sifa-lokaci nakasawa da lamba juriya canjawa. Aiyuka darajar wannan horo ne a yi amfani da sakamakon a cikin zane da kuma gina daban-daban gine-gine.

Tare da gina masana'antu, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da kuma injiniya, kazalika da tẽku, kogin, gidaje, birane, hanya da kuma Airfield yi amfani data da kuma gudanar da bincike sakamakon miƙa ƙasa makanikai. Harsãshensa, tsara da kuma gina shan la'akari da shawarwari na kimiyya tarbiyya, daban-daban ƙarfi, AMINCI da karko. Har ila yau, manyan al'amurra na ƙasa makanikai suna karatu da kuma warware matsalolin da nakasawa da kuma tsirar duniya injiniya Tsarin, gangara, da kuma sauran tallafi katangu.

Ƙasa makanikai - a zama dole msar tambayar dalilin da daidai lissafi na sansanonin da kuma tushe na gine-gine. Dace zane da kuma gina tushe sun fi mayar dogara a kan dace da kimantawa na jiki da kuma na inji Properties da kuma halaye na ƙasa iri-iri na m zabi na sansanonin da tushe rubuta masu girma dabam.

Daga hangen zaman gaba da wannan horo iri daban-daban na ƙasa, wanda ake amfani da matsayin tushen kafuwar daban-daban yi ayyukan kasu kashi na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Ground iri-iri na halitta abin da ya faru da aka kira da wata halitta tushe, da waɗannan da aka a baya lazimta a hanyoyi daban-daban (silicification, carburizing, smolizatsiey, bituminization, da sauransu.) - wucin gadi tushe.

A ta asalin kasa suna classified kamar haka:

• Igneous. Halitta da geologic aiki na duniya (da sanyaya na lawa shigowa).
• Metamorphic. Kafa a sakamakon physico-sunadarai matakai na canji na igneous ko sedimentary kankara a karkashin sakamakon dalilai kamar zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba.
• Sedimentary kasa. An kafa ta sedimentation.
• Wucin gadi. Su ne sakamakon masana'antu da tattalin arziki da aiki.

A tsarin da ƙasa talakawa, wanda kuma ya yi nazarin makanikai da kasa, an nuna ta ta irin zane da kuma tsarin halaye. Ƙasa tsarin kira tara size halaye na ta bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa, su siffar, surface yanayi, da kuma gwada yawa rabo na gyara da kuma su interconnections. The main iri ƙasa Tsarin ne lumpy, nutty, platy, cloddy, scaly, silty mikroagressivnaya da sauransu. Babban tsarin saka suna dauke ruwa-colloid irin da crystallization. Shi ne daga wadannan sigogi dogara ne a kan zabi na da irin harsashin da suitability na kasar gona taro domin gina gine-gine na da irin wannan.