Ƙidayar Aikin Gona: da shekaru na oda. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona

Ayyukan da abin da hukumomi masu zai tattara bayanai a kan ayyukan da daban-daban tattalin arziki jamiái a cikin harkokin noma - a shekara ta 2016 a manyan sikelin-m ƙidaya za a gudanar a Rasha. Abin lura shi ne cewa selhozperepis - wani sabon abu da ba sabon da tarihin Rasha. Similar events aka gudanar a kwanakin tsarist Rasha. Musamman rayayye tattara bayanai a cikin nau'i na selhozperepisi da za'ayi a cikin tarayyar Soviet. A mafi kwarewa na agrarians da Tarayyar Soviet za a iya amfani da a warware zamani da matsaloli na data tarin, nuna halin da ake ciki a harkokin noma. Mene ne ƙayyadaddu na Rasha selhozperepisey? Mene ne halaye na taron, da za a gudanar a shekara ta 2016?

Jigon m inventories da tarihi mai raRaɗi a Rasha

Ƙidayar Aikin Gona - shi ne da wani taron da aka gudanar ta musamman dokokin da tarin, kazalika da rajista a cikin wajabta iri na bayani game da halin da ake ciki a kasa da aikin noma. Wannan taron ne aka gudanar da jama'a hukumomi domin ya sami bayani game da yadda za a aiwatar da shirin soma da ci gaban harkokin noma, wanda akwai matsaloli, da kuma abin da su ne sakamakon manoma 'ayyukan a wasu lokuta.

A kishiya images of m censuses da aka sani tun daga zamanin d ¯ Rasha. Akwai shaida da cewa a cikin rubuce kafofin na 9th karni haɗu da wani rikodin na masu ƙasar mãkirci a kan yawan dabbobinsu da suka yi a kawo musu kayan. An sani rike da dama irin wannan censuses a cikin 13th karni. Daga bisani, bayani a kan ayyukan Rasha gonaki taru a 16th da 17th ƙarni ta hanyar magatakarda na littafin. A cikin marigayi 17th karni domin irin dalilai da aka yi amfani da ƙidaya littattafai.

A farko-manyan sikelin ƙidaya noma a cikin zamani ji da aka gudanar a Turai ɓangare na Rasha Empire a 1877-1878, bi da bi. Wannan darasi ne aka yi nufi da tattara bayanai a cikin raba asusun acreage for daban-daban iri na al'adu.

A farko ƙidaya selskohozyaystvennayakak hukuma taron da aka gudanar a 1916. Nazarin da fasali.

Selhozperepis 1916

Aikin gona ƙidaya 1916 aka kafa zuwa:

• tarin bayanan wajibi ga kungiyar na jiha da wadatar abinci a 1917-1918, a yaki.
• da samun ilimin kididdiga bayanai zama dole domin inganta bin doka da oda, wanda tsara da fanni na noma.

A shirin form ƙidaya a 1916 ya kamata ya gani bayanai game da gonaki, da shanu, da kuma shuka yankunan. Sun kuma taimaka da bayanai a kan hannun jari, kudi na amfani iri-iri na abinci.

A data na noma ƙidaya 1916, aka buga a cikin Soviet lokaci. Sun hada da bayani a kan 76 larduna da yawan jama'a na game da 104,4 mutane miliyan a cikin ƙasa da abin da cikin ayyukan da oda na 19,2 miliyan gonaki.

Aikin gona ƙidaya, wanda aka gudanar a 1916, ya nuna cewa game da 64,3% na shuka abinci amfanin gona shagaltar game da 31,6% - fodder. Game da 3.5% na yankunan shagaltar oilseeds, 0.6% - sauran. Aƙalla 52% na amfanin gona yankin lissafta ta alkama, da hatsin rai, game da 29% - hatsi, sha'ir. A ƙidaya ya nuna cewa a cikin mallaki Rasha manoma ya 55.8 miliyan shugaban dabbõbi, ciki har da shanu - 44%.

A 1917-1920, mai yawan sauran selhozperepisey. Mun yi nazarin bayani game da su.

Selhozperepisi na 1917-1920

Aikin gona Census 1917 shi ne mafi girma na biyu a taron wanda data aka tattara a kan halin da ake ciki a harkokin noma na jihar. Yana da aka gudanar da farko don wadata abinci, kungiyar na sojojin kasar.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na ƙidaya data aka tattara a kan dukkan gonaki, artels da sauran siffofin da harkokin kasuwanci, a harkokin noma. Duk da haka, mu yi la'akari ne kawai da waɗanda gonaki, abin da suke filin amfanin gona.

A cikin shekara ta 1919 ƙidaya a cikin harkokin noma a girma daga 10% a cikin tsarin na daukan samfur da aka za'ayi a Rasha. Yana da aka za'ayi domin gane canje-canje a cikin ayyuka na gonaki a kan tushen da abolition na Soviet gwamnatin ma'aikata na masu zaman kansu da ikon mallakar, kazalika da tallafi na shari'a, bisa ga abin da ƙasar da aka nationalized.

All-Rasha yana da girma m ƙidaya a 1920. Yana da aka gudanar domin ya sami iko bayani game da canje-canje a cikin aikin noma a kan tushen da sauye-sauye bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin. A sakamakon wannan taron sun nuna cewa, a cikin sabon Soviet jihar aiki game da miliyan 14.2 gidaje. Jama'a hukuma alhakin dauke da fitar selhozperepisi 1920, tattara bayanai a kan yawan da kuma abun da ke ciki na aiki da karfi a cikin harkokin noma na kasar, size of amfanin gona yanki, dabbobi da kuma kaji.

Selhozperepisi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Daga baya, bayan da aka kafa da Tarayyar Soviet, shi gudanar da wani babban yawan samfurin ƙidaya a cikin harkokin noma. Saboda haka, da suka za a iya dauke Manuniya 2-3, 5, 10% na gidaje, manyan ayyuka a jihar. Yana iya lura da cewa, a 1928 da kuma 1929 da aka za'ayi ƙidaya biyu jihar gonaki da kuma na gama gonaki, da kuma a 1930 - kawai na biyu da irin kungiyoyin. A cikin tsarin na dacewa ƙidaya tattara bayanai a kan iyalan formulations wanda tsunduma a aikin noma, game da girman horar da yankunan, dabbobi lambobi, wani kaya da yake samuwa ga 'yan kasa, aiki cikin ƙasa, kuma kiwon dabbobi.

A general, da Tarayyar Soviet noma rayayye bincika da m jama'a hukumomi a cikin shekaru kafin yakin duniya na II, a lokacin da shi yayi dace - a cikin nau'i na lokaci ƙidaya. A 50-80 shekaru akwai ya kuma kasance babban yawan ayyukan.

Bari yanzu mu bincika yadda selhozperepisi da aka gudanar a post-Soviet Rasha.

Selhozperepisi a post-Soviet Rasha

A gaskiya, na farko post-Soviet manyan sikelin-duka-Russian m ƙidaya aka za'ayi a Rasha a shekara ta 2006. Its main manufofin su ne:

• samu da hukumomi masu bayani a kan matsayi da kuma tsarin da kasa da aikin noma, ta m da kuma samuwar albarkatun domin cin gaban su.
• da samun ilimin kididdiga data a kan harkokin noma a municipalities.
• inganta ilimin kididdiga hanyoyin domin data a fannin aikin gona.

Bayani a kan Game da selhozperepisi da za a yi amfani da matsayin data source lokacin da follow-up irin. All-Russian aikin gona Census 2006 shi ne na farko da cewa a yarda don kimanta halin da ake ciki a kasa agrarian kansu na Rasha Federation, domin tantance canje-canje da suka faru tun da sake fasalin jihar.

Yana iya a lura da cewa a cikin shakka daga cikin ƙidayar da aka yi amfani da matsayin m data tarin dabaru da kuma yanki da cewa sun kafa a cikin past 'yan shekaru da irin wannan abubuwan. A data na noma ƙidaya aka bisani aka buga a shafin Rosstat.

2016 - A daidai da RF gwamnatin umurnin № 316, da aka buga 04/10/2013, da wadannan selhozperepis aka shirya a Rasha. Ka yi la'akari da muhimman bayanai game da shi.

Selhozperepis 2016: muhimman bayanai game da taron

Saboda haka, na biyu All-Russian m ƙidaya za'ayi a shekara ta 2016 a kan shirin na gwamnatin Rasha. Wannan taron da aka shirya da za a aiwatar a cikin 2, saukarwa. Daga Yuli 1 ga Agusta 15, da kidayar za a gudanar a mafi m yankunan a Rasha, daga 15 ga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba 15 - a cikin m yankuna na kasar.

Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, wanda shi ne alhakin da hali na ƙidaya a shekara ta 2016, shi ne a tattara bayanai a kan 167,6 dubu. Farms 31,4 dubu. Aikin gona kungiyoyin, 29,6 dubu. Business abokai a matsayi na micro-Enterprises, 55 dubu. Farmers a matsayi na SP, game da miliyan 20 masu zaman kansu gidaje na 'yan kasa, kazalika da game da 80 dubu. riba ƙungiyoyi lambu.

Kowace daga cikin Game da iri kasuwanci abokai iya magance takamaiman iri da matsaloli, peculiar kawai zuwa wasu sikelin Enterprises, wanda aka located in wani musamman yankin na Rasha. Daya daga cikin ayyuka selhozperepisi - don gano irin wannan alamu da kuma bincika su cikin sharuddan applicability inganta tasiri na jihar siyasa a fagen aikin gona da raya kasa.

Mu yanzu karatu a raga da kuma manufofin da za a magance mahalarta dauke taron.

Goals da Manufofi 2016 selhozperepisi

All-Russian aikin gona Census 2016 ya shafi wani yanke shawara da hukumomi masu matsaloli a general, kama da waɗanda aka saita a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron a 2006.

Saboda haka, da suka yi:

• tattara ilimin kididdiga data a kan matsayi da kuma tsarin da agro-masana'antu kansu na Rasha Federation, a kan albarkatun samuwa ga shi, kazalika da ta m.
• samar da cikakken halaye na kasuwanci abokai a cikin harkokin noma - domin nazarin ci gaban dabarun da masana'antu, ci gaban kayayyakin aiki, a da tasirin da shi domin ta tuntubo ci gaba;
• samun bayanai zuwa faye hali matakin na abinci tsaro na jihar.

Koyi abin da wasu key Manuniya ya kamata su iya gyarawa a cikin tsarin selhozperepisi 2016.

Selhozperepis 2016: key Manuniya

Aikin gona ƙidaya 2016 - wani taron a lokacin da gwani kwararru za su tattara bayanai:

• game da darajar ƙasar mallakar 'yan ƙasa da kuma kungiyoyi dukiya ce ga tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da amfani.
• alaka da alƙaluma da halaye na daban-daban abubuwa na ƙidaya.
• Aiki da aikin noma.
• na yankin karkashin daban-daban amfanin gona da aka jera ta da irin;
• dabbobi da kuma wuraren kiwon kaji - kuma a hulda da wasu daga bakunansu.
• gaban a zubar da tattalin arziki mahaluži iri-iri na kayan, kayan aiki da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa.

Za mu yi nazarin a mafi daki-daki, abin da wani kasuwanci abokai iya zama batun selhozperepisi a shekara ta 2016.

Selhozperepis 2016: abubuwa

A daidai da arziki na raba dokar tarayya, jiki da mutane da kuma kungiyoyi na iya zama batun selhozperepisi 2016:

• rike da hayar ko amfani a kan sauran ƙasa ƙasar, wanda ake amfani da samar da kayayyakin gona.
• mallakan gona da dabbobi.

Masana'antun kayayyakin gona a bisa ga dokar da aka classified a cikin wadannan Categories tattalin arziki jamiái:

• doka abokai.
• gonaki.
• mutum, 'yan kasuwa.
• gonaki na 'yan kasa.
• horticultural da kuma m Chalet ba riba jam'iyya.

A gaba muhimmin al'amari na wannan taron, a matsayin m ƙidaya - shirye-shiryen. Mun yi la'akari da shi musamman rinjayar da selhozperepisi 2016 more.

Shiri for selhozperepisi 2016

A hanyar da wannan ne da za'ayi da shugabanci na aikin daga cikin mahalarta a cikin Census Aikin Gona 2016 aka ƙaddara, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a matakin da musamman Municipality, amma daidai da dokokin na tarayya. Saboda haka, mafi yawan kasashen da ke karkashin gida iko kafa musamman hukumar ga selhozperepisi. Abun da ke ciki ana hada da wakilan na birni dalĩli, Rosstat, a cikin filin noma da masana, wakilan tilasta doka da kuma kula hukumomi.

Abin lura shi ne cewa shiri domin selhozperepisi 2016 a mafi yawan lokuta za'ayi tun 2015. Saboda haka, a lokacin da ya dace events da aka zaci cewa m kwararru nasarar shirya ayyuka, kamar:

• da samuwar jerin kasuwanci abokai ga wanda data kamata a tattara.
• aiwatar da kidayar labarin kasa - da rabo daga cikin Municipality cikin raba yankunan da enumeration yankunan don inganta yadda ya dace da ma'aikata alhakin data tarin.
• jawo hankalin Registrars - domin ya haifar da wani jami'in jerin selhozperepisi abubuwa.

A hanya domin gudanar da aikin gona ƙidaya, kamar yadda nuna a cikin dokokin darussan da suka shafi kariya game da bayanan sirri na mahalarta taron. Za mu yi nazarin wannan karin nuance.

Selhozperepis 2016: kariya daga bayanan sirri na mahalarta

Gaskiyar cewa data a kan Census mahalarta suna kare, nuna a cikin da dama kafofin doka. Da fari dai, shi ne mai dokar tarayya, bisa ga abin da m ƙidaya aka shirya. Abu na biyu, shi ne mai raba Law a kan Kariya na bayanan sirri.

A daidai da na yanzu dokokin na Rasha Federation a cikin doka, da bayanai da za a hada a cikin ƙidaya rajista, za a daukarsa a matsayin bayanai da cewa ba batun mara izini tonawa. Iyakar hanyar amfani da shi - don aika zuwa dace bayanai tsarin. User data bayanai yiwu kawai m da hukumomi da sauran abokai, wanda wannan dama da aka ba da doka.

Processing na data dauke a cikin rajista selhozperepisi, kamata a da za'ayi bayar cewa suna bukatar kariya - wato, tare da yin amfani da m zamani data boye-boye da kuma canja wurin da fasaha. Ma'aikata na hukuma da hannu a selhozperepisi gudanar a bisa ga dokar da ba su bayyana cikin bayanai dauke a cikin ƙidaya rajista.

Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa sakamakon selhozperepisi - a cikin irin a cikin abin da sharudda za a sadu da tsare sirri na bayanai game da wadannan ko wasu kasuwanci abokai, za ta buga daga baya - a buga da kuma a kan Internet. Wadanda ko wasu bayanai, don haka kamar yadda ya zama m, kuma ba dauke da nassoshi musamman m.

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Saboda haka, mun dauke da jigon manufar da m ƙidaya, da data tarihi na abubuwan da suka faru. A Rasha, da tarihi ci gaban da yawa iri na noma da kuma ga manufar gina wani tasiri da manufofin goyon baya da kuma ci gaban wannan bangaren Jihar kai a kai tattara bayanai a kan halin da ake ciki a cikin masana'antar.

A shekara ta 2016 a cikin Rasha Federation da aka gudanar na biyu m ƙidaya bayan da Tarayyar Soviet auka. Bi da bi, wadannan ayyukan sun sau da yawa a cikin Soviet lokaci: kwarewa daga waɗanda sau, da yi na tattara bayanai a kan harkokin noma da ake amfani a cikin bayani na halin yanzu matsaloli, kafa ta Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da kuma sauran damuwa hukumomin gwamnati.

A shekara ta 2016, daya daga cikin mafi girma a selhozperepisey za a gudanar. The Hukumomin zai tattara bayanai a kan dukkan manyan tattalin arziki 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na agrarian kansu, kuma zuwa rarraba su a matsayin wani bangare na manyan yawan daban-daban Categories - don haka kamar yadda ta samar da wata data tushe wanda za a iya amfani da manufar da wani haƙiƙa bincike na jihar Rasha aikin noma. Daga bisani selhozperepisi data za a yi amfani da hukumomi a gina sabon manufofin manyan al'amurra na noma da kuma bayan da tattalin arziki sassa.