A bututun iskar gas "Blue Stream": ban sha'awa facts

"Blue Stream" - shi ne mafi girma a fadin Black Sea bututun iskar gas, ta hanyar abin da man fetur da aka kawota daga Rasha zuwa Turkey. Yana da aka gina ta Dutch reshe na OOO "Gazprom" BV da Italian "Eni", kuma ya kasance aiki a shekarar 2005. Sashe na daga cikin bututun a kan Turkish ƙasa sarrafawa da gida makamashi kamfanin BOTAS. Karkashin iko da sauran na Rasha Federation. Babban maƙasudin na "Blue Stream" - ya sarrafa da isar da Rasha gas zuwa Turkey, jingine uku ƙasashe.

Tarihi na halitta

Shiri na aikin da bututun iskar gas ta fara a 1997. A watan Disamba, Rasha da kuma Turkey rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan gwamnatoci da shiri na jihar bakin teku tashar. A lokaci guda, "Gazprom" ya amince da kamfanin BOTAS game da ashirin da biyar kwangila ga samar da man fetur. A watan Fabrairu 1999, a yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin Rasha da Italiya, kazalika da Dutch reshe da aka kafa.

Construction na "Blue Stream" da aka za'ayi a 2001-2002. Offshore sashe aka gina ta Italian kamfanin Saipem, da kuma Rasha ƙasar - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" fara aiki a watan Fabrairu 2003. Duk da haka, saboda rikici tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey kan farashin man fetur a bukin bude gasar na wani gas metering tashar Darusu wuce kawai Satumba 17, 2005. Yana da aka samu halartar shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin, da firaministoci na Turkey da kuma Italiya.

Fasaha halaye na bututun iskar gas

"Blue Stream" ya fara aiki a cike iya aiki a 2010. Its kayan da aka samar iya aiki ne 16 biliyan cubic mita. A total tsawon na "Blue Stream" - 1213 kilomita. A Rasha part fara Izobilnoye gas shuka gaba da Stavropol kuma ƙare a Krasnodar yankin. Babban har lissafta ga Turkey - 444 km. A da yawa bututu an yi amfani da daban-daban diamita: ƙasa rabo - 1400 millimeters, dutsen - 12000, Guinea - 610. A matsa lamba kai 25 MPa. "Blue Stream" bututun an dauki mafi zurfi a duniya. Yana gudanar a kan 2.2 kilomita kasa ƙasa matakin.

A 2014, Turkey da kuma Rasha cimma yarjejeniya a kan kiwon da damar 3 biliyan cubic mita. Har ila yau, bita na man fetur farashin da aka za'ayi.

Kudi da kuma na farko wahala

"Blue Stream" - shi ne mai matukar m aikin. Ainahin ci gaba fara a shekarar 1987, a lokacin da Turkey fara shigo da man fetur daga Tarayyar Soviet. Da farko, da adadin da aka 0.5 biliyan cubic mita, a yau shi ya girma a cikin 34 sau. Wannan gini - wannan sigar musamman m aikin. Matsaloli fara a mataki na farko, don haka shi aka fara tare da wani bata lokaci ba na shekaru uku. Jimlar kudin da gina bututun amounted zuwa 3.2 dalar Amurka biliyan. Ya biya domin hade da Turkiyya da kuma Rasha gefe. The zane na teku rabo daga US $ 1.7 biliyan an ɓatar na dũkiya.

Nan da nan bayan da ƙaddamar da bututun iskar gas, da Turkish gefe ya bayyana cewa, shi ne ba a shirye su dauki irin wannan yawa na man fetur. Don hana gazawar da aikin, da Rasha Federation rage farashin da kuma yanke shawarar yanka kayayyaki. Amma wannan shawara bai kare a can. A shekara ta 2004, Vladimir Putin ya sa baki da kuma ko za a rage farashin zuwa matakin ba a cikin Bulgarian hanya.

A bututun "Blue Stream 2"

The aikin ne wani sabon tafarki ne ya fara kirkiro a 2002. Shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin da kuma Turkish firaministan kasar Recep Tayyip Erdogan ya tattauna da shiri na biyu layi da kuma tsawo na data kasance bututun amfani da mahada Samsun-Keyhen da kuma rassan a Kudu-Gabashin Turai. Ci gaban da aikin da ya tsananta bayan da shawarar da kasashe biyar za a fara yi daga cikin "Nabucco". Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya zama magana ta fadada aikin a karkashin sunan "ta Kudu Stream". A sabon bututun zai gama kai tsaye zuwa Bulgaria da kuma Rasha. Amma a yanzu shi ne daskarewa saboda worsening da dangantaka da Ukraine.

A shekarar 2009, Vladimir Putin, kamar yadda Fira Ministan samarwa karauka wadda gudanar a layi daya ga "Blue Stream" a karkashin tekun Black Sea, da kuma ci gaba a kan hanyarsa daga Samsun zuwa Keyhen. Daga can kuma ya iya safarar iskar gas zuwa Syria, Libya, Isra'ila da kuma Cyprus. Don kwanan wata, wannan aikin ne kawai wani al'amari na dogon zango hangen zaman gaba, wani daga cikin matsayi updates tukuna.

Kare yanayi

Construction na "Blue Stream" an hade tare da manyan sikelin-zangar envayrontamentalistov. Amma ba su da wani tasiri a kan tsari, kamar yadda na aikin muhalli tasiri kima nuna wani kadan don ta kanta. Construction aka ci gaba, da aikin jefa ya tabbatar da cewa babu tsanani dalilai damuwa. Amma duk da wadannan kimomi ne rigima, saboda duk jam'iyyun ne musamman sha'awar ta aiki. Haka kuma, duk Nazarin yi yafi Rasha, ga abin da na "Blue Stream" ne na dabarun muhimmancin, musamman bayan an exacerbation na dangantaka tsakaninta da Ukraine da kuma daskararre "Southern rafi". Ko da yake a cikin hali na fili take hakki na American gefen dã ba su kasa sa baki.

yanzu jihar

A bututun iskar gas "Blue Stream" - wani aikin wanda ya zama tushen dabarun hadin gwiwa tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey, a cikin makamashi da sufuri sassa. Data kasance sufuri layi faruwa ta hanyar Ukraine, Moldova, Romania da kuma Bulgaria. Overland sufuri man fetur da ke sa shi ya fi tsada, akwai lokatan da yawa gunaguni game da sata da ya jihohi, da na ƙasar wanda ya sheƙa a guje.

Amma daga farkon aiki na "Blue Stream" aikin yi kasance matsaloli, ciki har da a Rasha. Kamar yadda ya nuna ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da ya yi da Accounting bẽne, da Italiyanci kamfanin ya yi amfani nepolagayuschimisya ta amfanin. Wannan, ba shakka, ya sa lalacewar da jihar kasafin kudin. Masana sun kiyasta cewa a shekarar 2003 kadai shi amounted zuwa Amurka $ 1 biliyan.

Matsaloli da Al'amurra

Rasha farko manufa ya shafi gina wani bututun gas a karkashin tekun Black Sea. Daya daga cikin manufofi kafa ta kewaye "Blue Stream", akwai bukatar shawo kan fafatawa a gasa, a shari gas zuwa Turai. A kasar ga wanda dukan mayaƙa - shi ne Turkey. "Blue Stream" an mayar da hankali kan karkararta, kazalika da gaba aikin. Tuni a cikin Nuwamba 1999, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan da kuma Georgia rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan gwamnatoci Trans-Caspian hanya. Bayan 'yan watanni a kan wannan aiki domin wata tawagar manyan kamfanoni Genaral Electric da kuma Royal Dutch Shell. Amma rigingimu tashi, don haka da yi aka dakatar tsakanin jam'iyyun.

Don kwanan wata, duk da zargi daga Amurka, "Blue Stream" ya na dabarun muhimmancin, da Turai ta dogara a kan Rasha gas ne m.