A yi na Nizhne-Bureya HPP, Amur Oblast

A cikin 'yan shekaru, rayayye ci gaba da Far Eastern yankuna, an yanke shawarar a Rasha. Abu na farko da cewa yana bukatar a yi a cikin sarkar na rayuwa goyon baya da kara kuzari na ci gaba - shi ne mai cike tsara da kuma rarraba wutar lantarki. Domin wadannan dalilai, a cikin Amur yankin gina hydroelectric, located a kan Bureya River. A shekarar 2003, an samu izini Bureya tashar, a 2016 an shirya commissioning na Nizhne-Bureya HPP.

A tarihin na 30-ies

A 1932, na karshe karni an qaddamar da bincike m Bureya River a Amur yankin. Sa'an nan da bincike da aka gudanar da institute "Hydroproject". Yana da aka yanke rami binciken, sake buɗe a farkon lokaci na farko da Bureysky cascade. Domin da Lower Bureya HPP a tsare a Doldykanskom jeri, sāke wuri ne dake 950 mita sama da mahaɗar tsakãninsu da kogin Doldykan a Bureya.

A farko fasaha aikin da aka halitta a shekara ta 1959, kuma a shekarar 1986 ta amince da shi. Aiwatar da manyan sikelin-dabarun yi an daskarewa a dangane da miƙa mulki na tattalin arziki, wanda ya fara da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Na shirya ayyuka da za'ayi kawai ga sake ma su matsugunni da mutane daga flooded yankunan.

HPP ne asali daga 2000s

A yi na Nizhne-Bureya HPP aka sabunta, a 2007, amma da aikin da ake bukata da sabawa. The asali shirin da aka dage farawa shigarwa na uku samar da wutar lantarki raka'a 107 MW, amma saba da zamani damar da ake bukata don su kara yawan zuwa hudu, amma kasa ikon (80 MW). An kuma yanke shawarar maye gurbin maginin dam aikin a dama bankin a kan kankare bango. Inganta da kuma sauran sassa na asali daftarin. All canje-canje da kuma amincewa da aka kammala a shekarar 2011, kuma a lokaci guda, yi ya fara.

zane Features

A total tsawon na line matsa lamba gaban Nizhne-Bureya tashar (Amur yankin, Bureysky gundumar) ne kusan 746 mita, da tsawo daga matsakaicin batu - 42 mita. A tushe na dam ruwa permeability an tabbatar godiya ga Tsarin lãka-da karfafa shãmaki.

Don sake saita ruwan dam gina kankare spillway tsawon na 123 mita da kuma wani tsawo na 47,75 mita. Tsara da kuma gina spillway surface irin (5 raka'a) wanda za a iya rufe a segments ta wajen bawuloli tare da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuators. Akwai gyara kwa'di, jan wanda ake da za'ayi ta hanyar wani gantry crane. A samar da makamashi na sallami ruwa zai iya bice a-gina kankare stilling tasa wanda tsawon ne 88 mita.

A dama kogin Bureya kogin gado gina tashar ginin. Its tsawon shi ne kusan 97 mita, tsawo - game da 58 mita. Domin a karfafa ganuwar da ayyukansu a kan shigarwa na tsarẽwa garun kankare (100 mita dari). Hydroelectric iko shuka za a sanye take da hudu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a da kuma janareto. Shigarwa na kayan aiki ta hanyar sama cranes. Da damar da Nizhne-Bureya HPP - 1380 cubic mita ruwa da na biyu. Bayar da wutar lantarki za ta zama a kan ikon Lines 220 kW a biyu substations: Arkhara da Raichihinsk. A total number of ma'aikata a kan yi a cikin tsawon ƙarshe da aka shirya har zuwa 2300 mutane.

tafki

Nizhnebureyskaya tafki ne kafa da cikar matsin yi. Mai amfani iya aiki zai zama 77 da miliyan cubic mita, da jimlar - 2,034 biliyan cubic mita ruwa. A tsawon tafki - 90 kilomita kuma a kalla nisa - 5 kilomita, da talakawan zurfin ne 13 mita. An shirya cewa ruwa musayar za a iya za'ayi sau daya a wata kalanda watan. An shirya cewa cika da tafki bayan da farkon dukan sassa na Bureya makamashi cascade auku a cikin biyar zuwa shida kwanaki.

A karkashin ambaliya samun kadan kasa da 1,000 kadada na ƙasar noma, kuma kusan 9,000 kadada na daji. A ƙauyuka barazana ambaliyar ruwa ba a rufe. Har da ƙaddamar da tashar da aka shirya lesoochistka gaba tafki tasa.

aiwatar da wani shiri

A lokacin daga 2011 zuwa 2015 aka za'ayi manyan ayyuka:

• A shari'a mahaluži JSC "Nizhne-Bureya HPP".
• Haƙa ramin ga babban Tsarin na tashar.
• 3 gudanar mota hanya summed high-ƙarfin lantarki ikon line.
• Yana gina wani kankare shuka.
• Gina asali yi na hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke.
• Gina kayayyakin more rayuwa na zama na gari a kusa da tashar.
• By karshen 2015 an yi babban gine-gine, ciki har da gina hydro-turbines da hydro wuraren da kwanciya da tushe ga na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da inji.
• Gina embankment dam kwari.

Filaye don yi

Kimanta damar da Lower Bureya hydroelectric iko tashar na 320 MW, da talakawan fitarwa a kowace shekara - 1,65 biliyan kW / h, a cikin hunturu da shirya damar 147 MW. Construction na da ikon shuka ne saboda bukatar gyara sababbu diurnal jini mafi iko Bureya HPP aiki cirewa daga cikin Amur River. Wannan zai kawar da zato hawa da sauka daga ruwa matakin a cikin ƙananan tafki (karkashin ruwa).

Samar da Lower Bureya tashar wutar lantarki za a iya yin amfani da bukatun da abubuwa na "Transneft", kuma mafi musamman - a yi na mai bututun "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean", a ci nawa, da cosmodrome "Gabas". Wutar Lantarki samar da tashar, zai ajiye kona game da 700 ton na man fetur a kowace shekara.

Amur yankin, Bureysky yankin musamman, a sakamakon da gina tashoshin cascade ababen more rayuwa za su fadada dama ga ci gaba, inganta rayuwar na yawan jama'ar, za su jawo hankalin ƙarin zuba jari da kuma tabbatar da wani ambaliya da sabon ma'aikata.

muhalli sakamakon

Wuraren da Lower Bureya HPP - shi ne kusan untouched yanayi. Around kutse a cikin muhalli tsarin ne mai yawa da muhawara, yan unguwa da'awar cewa sauyin yanayi ya canza. Mene ne sakamakon zã a iya sanin kawai a cikin m nan gaba.

A lokacin da zayyana ikon mataki da aka shirya da za'ayi kare muhalli da matakan. A ambaliya zone Lower Bureyskaya HPP sun partially zapovedniks "Irkun Tract", "Zheludinsky". sabon ajiye "Bureysky" an halitta su madadinsa na kare yankunan yankuna. Ya sanya sõyayya biyu na ajiye da kuma samu ƙarin yankunan gandun daji a cikin yankunan da manya da ƙananan pool Bureyskaya cascade samar da wutar lantarki. A duka yankin na ajiye "Bureysky" ne 132 dubu kadada.

A 2015, aikin da aka za'ayi a kan canja wurin na musamman samfurori da Flora da fauna daga cikin flooded yankin. Yuri Gafarov, daya daga cikin muhalli suka halarci a cikin aiki da sake ma su matsugunni da Flora da fauna, ya ce cewa sheƙarsu aka gina domin Mandarin ducks da Iyalai na Far Eastern storks. Su ma an sanya wintering da kuma ciyar ga dabbobin daji, transplanted babban adadin musamman shuke-shuke daga flooded yankin a cikin ƙasa na sabon ajiye.

ci gaba da aikin

A cewar PAO RusHydro, domin lokacin akwai shirya shigarwa na hydroelectric janareto, kazalika da ci gaba gina madatsar ruwan. A cikin watan Yuni 2016 da tsawo daga cikin dam ne 131 mita saman teku matakin, aikin matakin - 140 mita. Domin gina madatsar ruwan gidan ya toshe da tara na aikin suna da za'ayi ba tare da rage taki da kuma sabawa domin hunturu kakar. Domin hakowa ramuka a kwanciya hunturu tara amfani hakowa jihar Kano da kuma dumama masana'antu na'urorin. Amur frosts bai hana kayan aiki da kuma mutane, amma ya shirya aikin da aka za'ayi ko da yaushe a lokacin.

A cewar S. Nikulin, injiniya na samar da fasaha sashen na kamfanin "Nizhne-Bureya HPP", ya ce a watan Agusta 2016, duk da ayyukansu sun daidai da shirya jadawalin. A takaice, ya ce cewa tuni saka impeller sanya jinginar gidaje na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a da kuma shigar da injin turbin Starter. A cewar shi, da ci gaba da aikin daukan wuri a cikin m lokaci, inda sauri babu wani wuri. Kamar yadda wani m lura cewa dukan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a fit nodes bukatar kusan wata mai yin kayan ado ta daidaici, duk da gyara daidai da juna ba tare da wani gibba. Ya bayyana tabbacin cewa, na farko halin yanzu a cikin Far Eastern makamashi tsarin zai zo riga a 2016. Duk da haka, saboda da rikicin da kuma rage kudade ga wasu abubuwa, PJSC RusHydro ambaci da ikon gudu da canja wurin tashar a shekara ta 2017.

Overlapping Bureya River ya faru Afrilu 19, 2016, ruwa gudana yanzu wucewa ta hanyar spillway hydroelectric tsarin. Shirye kankare Tsarin cikin gina tashar kwanan wata aka kiyasta a 90%.

ban sha'awa facts

Tab Nizhne-Bureya HPP zo V. V. Putin, da kuma kamar yadda mai kyau ãyã a cikin ta farko kankare mai zuba jefa agogon hannu. Tsarkake Bishop Lucian farko na yi, ya kuma gabatar da tunawa da magina na da girma da zinariya mala'ika, wanda yanzu shigar a tsororuwar hydroelectric iko, zama wata alama ce da yi site da kuma m, kuma daga baya dukan cascade.

Don kwanan wata, hadadden tashoshin a kan Bureya River - most aikin a cikin post-Soviet Rasha, gina ba tare da dogaro a kan wasiyya da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya nuna yuwuwar na kasar da kuma ta real yiwuwa. Mutane da yawa sun kasance a cikin aiki yanki ne shawarar zuwa ziyarci wurin da aiki za a fara nan da nan Nizhne-Bureya HPP. Address a Amur yankin: Bureysky yanki Bureysky kauye, gundumar Gidrostroiteley, Gina 2, harafi 3.