Abin da ya kawo yakin Rasha zuwa filin Kulikovo

Yaƙi a filin Kulikovo shi ne ƙarshen rikice-rikicen rikici tsakanin mamayar Mamai da Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. Shirye-shiryen Rasha don yakin basasa tare da horde ya fara tare da karbar Prince Dmitri Ivanovich zuwa kursiyin Moscow. Golden Horde a tsakiyar tsakiyar karni na sha huɗu an raunana ƙwarai ta hanyar shekaru ashirin na tururuwa. Khan Berdibek ya sanya shi a kan kisan mahaifinsa da 'yan'uwansa, Berdibek kansa ya kashe shekaru biyu daga bisani a shekara ta 1339 daga dan'uwansa, shekaru ashirin da suka wuce a kan karagar Horde fiye da 20 da aka maye gurbin. Smoot ya kan zo su ikon, Khan Tokhtamysh. Yayin da aka yi watsi da mummunar tashin hankali, sai mamaci ya koma sama, wanda ba shi da magajin halattacce, ba zai iya kama ikon a cikin Horde ba.

Sa'an nan kuma Mamai ya juya ra'ayinsa ga Rasha, inda ya so ya kirkiri kansa. Bayan ya tattara babbar runduna, sai ya shawarci Yarima Dmitry Ivanovich ta biya haraji da ya dace da abin da Rus ya biya a kwanakin baya ga shugabannin Golden Horde. Da farko dai sarki bai so ya biya Mamai ba, ya san ainihin matsayinsa. Duk da haka, kwatanta ƙarfin sojojin Khan kuma da ganin cewa Mamai ya fi karfi, ya fi so ya biya zinariya fiye da rayuwar mutanensa. Duk da haka, Horde Temnik bai yarda da haraji ba, kuma ya fara shirya sabon yakin da Rasha.

Dmitry kuma ya yanke shawarar shirya don sake sakewa. Rundunar sojojin ta fara ne a watan Agustan 1380, masu dauke da makamai sun kai hari kusa da birnin Kolomna. Ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, sojojin Rasha sun yi tafiya a kan yakin. Da farko, hanyar tafiya shi ne kan kogi. Oka, a bakin kogin. Rundunonin Lopasnya sun haye Oka suka koma kudu zuwa asalin Don. Bukatar irin wannan hanya ta fassara ta da sha'awar raba sojojin Tatars da Lithuania, da kuma rashin jin daɗi don motsawa ta hanyar ryazan Ryazan. A wannan lokacin Ryazan ya ɗauki gefen Mamaia.

Kulikovo Field ne dake tsakanin koguna Don kuma Nepryadva, ta wuri mai faɗi ne mafi kusantar su yi yaƙi. Gudun daji da kuma bishiyoyi na itace ba su da damar amfani da dakarun sojin Tatar. Rundunar sojan Rasha ta shiga cikin yakin basasa, a wani bangare na tsaro ne kawai, wanda ake kira kawai don fara yaki, da maye gurbin sojojin Mongolia don masu harbi 'yan bindigar Rasha, sannan kuma da sauri suka koma. Bayan wannan sakon ya kasance wani tsari ne wanda ke ci gaba, wanda ya kamata ya raunana farko kafin a shigar da manyan sojojin. Sashin na uku shi ne babban tsarin mulki, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin dukan rundunar sojojin Mongol-Tatar. A gefen hagu sun kasance ɗakunan hannun hagu da dama. A cikin wani karamin igiyar su boye 'yan kwanto rajimanti, wanda aka jagorancin wani gogaggen gwamnan Dmitry Bobrok-Volyn.

Yaƙin da ke Kulikovo Field ya fara a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1380. Yayin da Duel na Peresvet da Mongolian heroin Chelubey suka fara yaƙin, sakamakon haka ya mutu. Rundunar sojin Tatar ta kai hari ga cibiyar, ta shafe makamai da cibiyoyin ci gaba, har tsawon sa'o'i uku ya yi ƙoƙari ya karya ta hanyar kare wani babban tsarin mulki. Sa'an nan kuma Mamai ta bugi na biyu a gefen hagu, ya tilasta Dmitri Ivanovich ya fara aiki, amma ba zai iya tsayayya da hare-haren Tatar ba, sai ya ragargaza gefen hagu kuma sojojin Rasha sun kasance a gefe. A wannan lokacin, an yi mummunan rauni a wani rikici, wanda ya yanke shawarar sakamakon yakin, ya juya sojojin Mongol cikin jirgin. Rundunar sojojin Rasha ta kori sojojin Tatar har fiye da kilomita hamsin, saboda haka an kammala nasarar da aka yi a filin Kulikovo.

Sakamakon juyin juya halin Kulikovo ba za a iya samun nasara ba. Wannan shine farkon ƙarshen karfin Tatar-Mongol. Bayan ta shekara biyu, har sai da yaƙin neman zaɓe Tokhtamysh a Moscow, wanda ya dauki da taimako na ƙarya alkawarai Novgorod yan kasuwa, Rasha ba su biya haraji ga taro. Amma ko da bayan, biya ya zama ƙari. Rashin mamayar Mamaia a kasar Rasha shine ya hallaka Rasha gaba daya, ya juya zuwa cikin Horde Mamaia, wanda bai samu nasara a ƙasarsa ba, ya yanke shawarar zama mai mulki a cikin baƙo. Yaƙin da ake yi a filin Kulikovo da ƙaddamar da hukunci na Dmitry Ivanovich, wanda aka lakaba bayan yaƙin - Donskoy, ya nuna Horde ƙarfin makamai na Rasha.

Shekarar yakin Kulikovo ya zama mahimmanci, bayan haka magoya bayan Mongols ba su da damar shiga shiga gwagwarmaya da Rus. Battle of Kulikovo da wani banbanci a cikin sani na Rasha mutãnensa, waɗanda suka gane cewa Tatars ne ba kawai zai yiwu, amma kuma bukatar lashe.

Daidai da shekara ɗari daya Rasha ya hukumance dauke su a talakansa na Golden taro, wanda gwamnati ta kammala babban adawa a Ugra River, ko da yake babu wani daga cikin jam'iyyun bai shiga aiki tashin, mangolawa bar tare da kõme ba.