AES-2006: Rasha nukiliya aikin na sabon ƙarni tashar

Oddly isa, amma da nisa daya daga cikin cleanest siffofin makamashi aka dauke su nukiliya ...! Kuma, a general, shi ne quite wajaba a kansa. Eh, nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke nuna m sharar gida, amma da lambar shi ne gwada da kananan, da mutãne ya dade koya musu su narke a cikin wani idon yayi kamar gilashi abu wanda yake shi ne ba batun lalata da za a iya adana su na shekaru dubbai a karkashin kasa bunkers.

Idan muka kwatanta da wadanda na su hadari yawa na toka da carbon monoxide, wanda aka saki a cikin iska CHP, da zarra ne a fili mafi aminci.

sabon ayyukan

Bugu da kari, da makamashi ci gaba da aiki a ko'ina cikin duniya, da samar da wani sabon ƙarni na ikon shuke-shuke a kan zarra. Mun, misali, a cikin ba haka m da aka sanar NPP-2006. Wannan aikin ne gaba ɗaya wani sabon nukiliya ikon shuka. Idan gaba da kuma aiwatar ne nasara, za mu iya gina wani fiye da iko, amma hadari makamashin nukiliya. Alhakin tasowa Cibiyar da makamashin nukiliya, wanda masana kasa a su aiki daidai.

Don kwanan wata, an san cewa sabon ikon shuka sa haƙuri amfani da m abokan ciniki a Iran, da kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. A general, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, tun wadannan jihohi madugun kwarewa da kasar mu.

Major tsarin fasali

Lura cewa key aka gyara na wani nukiliya ikon shuka kamar AES-2006 ne guda biyu "tsibiran": Traditional da makaman nukiliya. By karshen nufin duk Tsarin da tsarin cewa tabbatar da hira da makamashin nukiliya cikin thermal makamashi, kazalika da lantarki da kuma sauran kayan aiki, wanda shi ne alhakin da aminci daga cikin tsari. Haka kuma, da gargajiya "Tsibirin" - shi ne laima lokaci sunadaran da tsarin cewa ba ka damar maida zafi a cikin wutar lantarki. An kashi uku:

• Turbogenerator.
• Banana Engineering.
• Cogeneration.

A mafi muhimmanci inji mai farfela janareta sashe na NPP-2006, tun da shi ne a can da cewa thermal makamashi ne tuba a cikin wutar lantarki zama dole ga mutum. A lantarki sashen shirya karuwa ko raguwa gidajen wuta a kan wanda shi ne "remade" da ake so dabi'u ga harkokin sufuri.

Heat kewaye ba ɓullo da a duk nukiliya ikon shuka, amma inda shi ne alhakin da canja wurin da thermal makamashi masu amfani da (ruwan zafi a cikin wani birni dumama cibiyar sadarwa, misali). A halin yanzu, duk da matakai faruwa a cikin gargajiya nukiliya da kuma "tsibiran" ne a karkashin m iko da zamani tsarin lantarki da za su iya ta atomatik rufe da reactor a taron na 'yar alamar matsala.

Na'ura Information "tsibiran"

Kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani, tsakiyar nukiliya "Tsibirin" ko da yaushe riqe da reactor. Ya ya lauye tsarin, zafi sinks, sanyaya, lantarki iko da kuma kariya tsarin. kowane biyu reactor ne sarrafawa ta jihar, karatu ne idan aka kwatanta da matsayin a wani atomatik hanya. Idan akalla wasu karatu bambanta ƙwarai, Electronics nan da nan triggers ƙararrawa don kula da ma'aikata a kan taƙawa.

A cikin hali na gargajiya "Tsibirin" ya mamaye a tsakiyar wurin da engine daki. Basic shigarwa: turbogenerator, sandaro hanya, shigarwa na tsakiyar dumama da kuma sauran karin aka gyara. Su ne da muhimmanci sosai, a matsayin AES-2006, bisa ga dan kwangila ta ilmi, za su iya samar da hankali spaced ƙauyuka, ba kawai da wutar lantarki, amma kuma zafi.

sanyaya tsarin

A gaskiya, shi kunshi wani reactor da coolant kai tsaye sadarwa tare da tubalan da makaman nukiliya man fetur. An hada da hudu wurare dabam dabam madaukai da wani sandaro naúrar. Har ila yau, akwai da dama da tururi janareto, refrigerators da sauran ancillary abubuwa. Kamar yadda shi ne mai sauki tsammani, na farko kewaye - da rediyoaktif, kamar yadda ta zafi canja wuri matsakaici kai tsaye lambobi da aka gyara emitting radiation man fetur.

Haka kuma, na biyu kewaye ne da ba-rediyoaktif. Wannan sake tururi janareto, tururi bututu, inji mai farfela raka'a da condensing raka'a tare da farashinsa, da kuma sauran abubuwa. Products wannan rangadi aiki ne ba m ga ma'aikata da kewaye shuka matsakaici, kamar yadda kai tsaye man fetur ko rediyoaktif farko coolant ba tuntube.

Yadda ya aikata shi duka aikin?

Saboda haka, a lõkacin da zafi matsakaici a farko kewaye wuce ta reactor core, shi ne mai tsanani, sa'an nan kuma ya wuce ta hudu ƙarin zafi musayar madauki. A wannan lokaci, zafi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa na biyu madauki. Bayan nassi ta hanyar zafi exchangers a primary coolant ne sake a reactor core domin dumama. Ruwa wurare dabam dabam - tilasta ta farashinsa.

Babban bambancin da sabon irin ikon shuka

A daban-daban ayyukan da wani sabon nau'in makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke daga gargajiya iri na shuke-shuke, irin wannan? A mafi muhimmanci bambancin - cikakken versatility. Ikon shuka ne gaba daya hadade for iri daban-daban na ƙasa da kuma yanayin damina. Ya unshi da gina na biyu da bedrock da kuma a kan m ƙasa, ciki har da a cikin yankuna inda girgizar kasa aiki da aka rubuta a kai a kai.

Idan kana so ka gina wani sabon ƙarni na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke inda gyarawa m waje da tasirinsa (teku ruwa, girgizar kasa rashin zaman lafiya), da aikin da aka sanya a gaba kawai sadãki canje-canje. A tsarin da kanta a lokaci guda ba ya canja.

muhalli da matakan

A sabon nukiliya ikon shuka ayyuka unsa wani babba yawan matakan da nufin a minimizing hadarin samu da muhalli ta hanyar radiation. Wannan aka samu da yin amfani da wani babban adadin m tsarin. A lokacin da gini ya mayar da hankali a kan abubuwa kamar:

• Reactor Sashin.
• Karin gini ga madadin reactor compartments.
• Gaggawa substation domin samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin tashar.
• Babban injin turbin janareta kafa.

Reactor gini - mafi muhimmanci, da dukan kayayyakin da ake gina makaman nukiliya "Tsibirin" kewaye da shi. Cewa akwai tururi shuka, kazalika da refrigeration tsarin da sauran kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, da aikin ne ya kamata zuwa Dutsen da janareta a kan ruwa da man fetur, wanda ke da alhakin ikon da wurare dabam dabam famfo a lokuta inda tashar kanta saboda wasu hatsari wutar lantarki da aka ba tsirarwa, amma a lokaci guda su kwantar da reactor core ne har yanzu zama dole. Saboda haka cewa da aminci da makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke na sabon ƙarni ne a wata tsawo.

sauran sauna

A reactor kuma duk kewaye nodes kare da wani m biyu-fata, wanda ya hana da gudun hijira na tarkace da kuma makaman nukiliya man fetur aka gyara daga cikin reactor a yanayin saukan hatsarori da kuma sauran gaggawa.

Bugu da kari, a cikin na musamman mai amfani da dakuna located zurfin ruwa magani tsarin, tururi, sharar gida. All samun iska da kuma Steam sa Units ninninkuwa sau da yawa, domin rage alama na hatsarori da kuma sauran m faru. A general, makaman nukiliya ikon shuka (hotuna ne a cikin wannan abu) - wani abu wanda tsaro zai zama da kishi har da sojojin raka'a da kuma sansanonin sojin.

Reserves - na farko, kuma farkon!

All aiki tsaro abubuwa suna da alaka da ajiye tushen samar da makamashi, don haka da cewa ko da a cikin dokar ta baci da kwanciyar hankali na aikin da aka ba lalace. Gine-gine a cikin sabon ayyukan gida nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke suna located a mafi yiwu nesa daga juna, sabõda haka, ko idan hadarin bã kõme ba ne babu ja da ya faru. Wannan ne bambanci tsakanin NPP-2006 aikin da muka tattauna a general sharuddan.

A rarrabe fasali na reactor daki

A cikin hali na latest gida makamashin nukiliya reactor sa amfani (EDM) B-392M. Hakika, wannan ya hada da ba wai kawai da kafuwa, amma kuma condensers, tururi janareto, famfo tashoshin da sauran muhimmanci fasaha aka gyara. Idan muka kwatanta duk wannan da baya model na tashoshin, kazalika da ci gaba na kasashen waje injiniyoyi, da m bayani bambanta da dama muhimmanci abũbuwan amfãni:

• Yana da aka muhimmanci ƙara yadda ya dace ta hanyar yin amfani da wani sabon nau'in man fetur, amma shi ne quite sabon reactors za a iya sarrafa da haihuwa.
• Muna amfani da sabbin m tsarin ganowa, kyale su samu bayanai game da halin da kowane kumburi.
• da kula da tsarin ga reactor core sun kuma an muhimmanci inganta.
• A sabis rai na babban kayan aiki ya karu a kalla zuwa shekaru 60.
• Matsakaicin darajar kona nukiliya man fetur ya iya kara nan da nan har zuwa 70 MW.
• Downtime da aka rage girmanta.

Saboda haka, makaman nukiliya ikon masana'antu na Rasha yana a ta zubar da wani iko sabon kayan aiki da zai ba da damar kara karfafa da makamashi 'yancin kai na kasar mu.