Sam "Circle": photos, fama amfani

A cikin 1950s na karshe karni, da Soviet Tsaro Complex don kare ta sararin samaniyar daga yiwu maƙiyi ci gaba da kuma rayayye yi da dakarun tsit iska tsaro. Amma hanzari inganta jirgin sama fasahar da ake bukata don ƙirƙirar mobile iska tsaro tsarin to kai tsaye rufe da sojojin ƙasa daga iska hari. Wannan ya sa da soja hadaddun na Tarayyar Soviet a fara ci gaban mobile anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin, wanda a cikin sa da Sam "Circle", ya sa a cikin sabis a shekarar 1965.

Bukatun ga anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Circle"

A ci gaba da mobile anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin da bukatun na tsaro ya fara a shekarar 1958, da Army, a cikin tsarin na m ayyukan "Subject 2" da kuma "Theme 3". Resolution na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar su ne ainihin bukatun ga wani sabon nau'in makamai:

1. Interception jirgin sama hari tashi a gudun har zuwa 600 m / s at altitudes daga 3 zuwa 25 dubu. M.
2. Yiwuwar lalata jirgin sama cikin iska, kamar gaba-line m Il-72 a tsawon 20 dubu mita -. Ba kasa da 80%.
3. Object ganewa da wani tasiri jirgin saman soja irin watsawa Mig surface 15 a nesa ba kasa da 115 km.

A gwamnati ya sa developers a tauri yanayi, da iyakance su lokaci. A farko gwaje-gwaje na sabon Sam "Circle" ya fara a cikin na uku da kwata na 1961. Project Manager aka sanya zanen VP Efremov, wanda aka riga aka sani na inganta radar da iska tsaro na Moscow. A nazarin da aka gudanar a cikin Nii-20.

Goals da Manufofi

A Terms of Reference aka amince da gwamnatin a shekarar 1958. A cewar shi, ya wajaba a yi biyu gaba daya sabon anti-aircraft shiryar da makamai masu linzami - 3M8 da 3M10, tare da wata tawagar da wani gauraye irin shiriya, bi da bi.

Bincike a cikin wannan shugabanci tsunduma zane tawagar Edo-8 jagorancin S. Korolev, to, wanda aka shigar cikin gwaji zane ofishin (DB-2) a ƙarƙashin P. Grushin tushen CRI-58. A dangane da ci gaban da sabon jifa da shi ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin na farko-Zour, da wacce model da ba su dace a hanyoyi masu yawa. "Circle" da aka dauka a matsayin tushen ci gaba da tsaro zane "Cube" domin daidaituwa da aka gyara da kuma rage Sam ci gaba.

tarihi bayanai

Babban matsalar da cewa yana da da za a warware OKB-2 injiniyoyi, ya kasance halittar shiryar da makamai masu linzami. Nazarin sun daya bayan daya aka plagued tare da kasawa. da dama, na ayyukan da aka ƙi. Amma a karshen na farko gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa developers motsi a kan hanya da za'ayi a watan Disamba 1961.

Bayan da ya fara wani dogon aiwatar da debugging kayan aiki da kuma horar da ga filin gwaje-gwaje, wanda suka faru a cikin matakai uku:

1. A mataki na farko da factory gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi bisa ga umarnin kafa ta aikin sarrafa V. P. Efremovym.
2. A karo na biyu lokaci da aka za'ayi jihar gwaje-gwaje da hanyar samarwa landfill.
3. A cikin "Circle" karshe mataki aka jarrabi serial samfurori sam.

All jihar gwaje-gwaje da aka samu nasarar kammala a lokacin daga shekarar 1963 zuwa 1964. A Fabrairu 3, 1965 da oda na da Ministan Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet wani sabon sa na "Circle" karkashin code 2Q11 da aka soma ga iska tsaro na sojojin ƙasa.

A abun da ke ciki na Sam "Circle"

A shekarar 1965, mun fara samar da anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami birged, wanda shi ne babban makamai hadaddun "Circle." A wannan bangare na ZRBr hada da wadannan ƙungiyoyin:

1. Mutanena su ka management matsayin wani ɓangare na ganewa tashar 2S12 raga da cabin liyafar niyya "kaguwa-1" (bayan 1981 canza zuwa "Glade D-1" gida).
2. Uku anti-aircraft batura, kowanne daga wanda aka kafa daga shiriya tashar 1S32, 2P24 propelled shirin mai gabatarwa tare da biyu Sam 3M8.
3. Fasaha baturi, wanda kunshi wani iko da kuma gwajin tashar tabbaci 2V9, da dama transporters 9T226 kazalika kai-caji inji 2T6.

A abun da ke ciki na anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami birged kuma hada MOTA KE SHAN MAI inji da fasaha kayan aiki amfani da su gina da makamai masu linzami da kuma refilling su tare da man fetur. Duk da kayan Sam 2K11 "Krug" (sai dai caji) da aka gina a kan waƙoƙi.

A ganewa da kuma makami mai linzami shiriya

Domin maƙiyi radar ganewa alhakin 1S12. Ya gano Airborne hari a nesa na 180 km a tsawon ba fiye da dubu 12 da mita da kuma a nesa na 70 km, idan tsawo na da manufa -. Kadan fiye da mita 500. Bayan gano abokan gaba ba da tashar mota niyya 1S32. makami mai linzami shiriya tashar alhakin dalilai na search karkashin ba data tashar ganewa da kuma niyya (1S12), da kuma ga tracking da makamai masu linzami kora. Bayan ganewa na makiya da kuma bayan kammala lissafin duk data aika zuwa launchers wanda ake fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a kayyade kansu da kuma fara "bi". Da zarar abokan gaba na cikin shafa yankin, ta kaddamar shiryar da makamai masu linzami da Sam "Circle" (photo - sama).

Bayar da makamai masu linzami kãma haskoki rakiyar antennas, wanda gyara yanayin, kazalika da aika bayanai don tara makamai da fuze da sauran dokokin.

Surface-to-air makami mai linzami 3M8

Kamar yadda aka ce, da aka da ake ci gaba lokaci guda biyu roka - 3M8 da 3M10, mafi nasara daga wadannan ya kasance da Sam 3M8. Yana da aka halitta a kan nata irin sanyi "Rotary reshe" saboda m aiki na ikon shuke-shuke. Da makami mai linzami zane ya matakai biyu:

1. Jerin gwanon, iska jet engine Gudun man kananzir, man fetur.
2. Fara tare da hudu kai sakewa accelerators ga m man fetur.

A warhead m mataki-Zour da aka posted a cikin zurfin cikin tsakiyar jikin iska ci, yana da wani taro na 150 kg. Ga housed an iska baturi tare da mai balan-balan da kuma abin da ya ƙunsa kai. Haifar da za'ayi da radiozryvatelya 50 mita daga manufa. A total taro na roka - 2.4 dubu kg .. Wannan sam aka yi amfani da duk gidaje na wannan jerin, ciki har da Sam "Circle-M."

Inji ƙaddamar da makamai masu linzami

Shirin mai gabatarwa 2P24 yi da dama da ayyuka - a gudanar da wani roka sufuri da wuri na fama da taƙawa, shi buga, kuma ya bi ta harbe-harben rokoki ko gano hari. A daidai wannan lokaci shi zai iya kawo biyu cikakken shirye su kayar da abokin gaba da makamai masu linzami. A lokacin fara kirga inji "boye" a cikin Socialist Party. Roka sanya, a albarku sanye take da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa cylinders da alhakin canji a cikin watsi kwana. Arrow a matsayin wani ɓangare na goyon bayan katako, wanda da taimakon cylindrical gidajen abinci da aka gudanar tare da kafuwa. A lokacin kai da makamai masu linzami ƙarfafa tare da ƙarin goyan bayan, wanda ake ma sa, game da albarku.

tabbatarwa kayan aiki

Domin sarrafa kansa wuta iko gida ya amsa samun manufa nadi "kaguwa-1." Ta gudu ta hannu makami mai linzami gidaje C75 / 60, ya iya gane kuma su bi a kalla 10 hari a nesa na 15 zuwa 160 km daga wurin tsaye. Sarrafa manufa kula da bayanan fitarwa domin makami mai linzami shiriya faru ga 32 seconds. The daidaito daga lissafin ya 90%. "Kaguwa-1" na daga cikin hadaddun da gyare-gyare, yayin da waɗanda suke a cikin Sam "Circle-M1", amma saboda rage ikon zuwa wuta sassan da 60% wannan gida niyya da aka maye gurbinsu da tsarin "Glade D-1." Change ya faru a shekarar 1981.

New fama naúrar siffofi da ikon tallafawa biyu 62 raka'a iska fasaha, kazalika da yawan lokaci guda dalilai, wanda ya karu zuwa 16. Wannan inji aka farko aiwatar atomatik tsarin daidaituwa raka'a a cikin hadaddun. Tare da wannan adadin halakar da wuraren karu da 20% yayin da rage harsasai kashe kudi da kusan 5 sau.

Fasaha halaye na hadaddun

Bayan nazarin da bayanai daga dukan inji cewa yin up hadaddun, shi za a iya kammala game da fama tasiri na anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami hadaddun da'irar:

1. Iyakar gudun - 50 km.
2. Samar da hadaddun (zirga-zirga ba tare da MOTA KE SHAN MAI) - 300 km.
3. martani lokaci - kasa da minti daya.
4. A girke Sam - kasa da minti 5.
5. Range bugawa da manufa - daga 11 zuwa 43 km, tsawo - 3-23,5 km.
6. Jirgin gudun da niyya abubuwa - ba fiye da 800 m / s.

Amma ba za mu iya ba daidai data game da tasiri na fama Sam "Circle". Fama da aikace-aikacen dabaru ne a asirce, ko da bayan haka shekaru masu yawa. An sani cewa gidaje da aka yi amfani da lokacin da Vietnam War, kazalika da inganta "iska line Barleva" a Misira.

gyare-gyare na model

Inganta cikin hadaddun aka za'ayi yafi a cikin shugabanci na rage "matattu zone." A sakamakon haka, da haske fito gyare-gyare:

• a 1967 - "The da'irar-A" da mafi tsawo na 250 mita kashi dalilai.
• a 1971 - da "Circle-M" tare da shan kashi na zangon 50 km, kuma 24,5 km tsawo.
• a shekara ta 1974 - da "Circle-M1", wanda ya rage proximal iyaka zuwa 6-7 km, kuma mafi tsawo na 150 mita.

Aka saki a 2015, da Jubilee mindar "50 Years of Sam" Circle "," wanda ya nuna dacewar na hadaddun, ko da bayan rabin karni, kazalika da high isa yabo da Fatherland ta developers. Yanzu duk model an adana.