Aleksandr Bell: Biography da sabuwar dabara (photo)

Aleksandr Grehem Bell an haife shi a Edinburgh (Scotland) Maris 3, 1847. Kewayon bukatun na American masanin kimiyya da kuma kirkiro da aka unusually m. A ban mamaki gwaje-gwajen da ya ya iya hada art da kuma kimiyya da acoustics da music, lantarki aikin injiniya da kuma shiryawa. Yana da aka Aleksandr Bell ƙirƙira da tarho da kuma sun fi mayar da gudummawar da ci gaban da harkokin sadarwa masana'antu a Amurka.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Alexander Melville Bell, kirkiro na gaba uba - wani kwararren masanin ilimin harsuna da marubucin babban-sikelin aiki a kan ma'adanin na oratory. A musamman, shi ne aka yaba da halittar "bayyane Jawabin" tsarin, wanda damar aika sauti na mutum magana magana da wani musamman rubuta alamomin. Godiya ga wannan ci gaban maganarsu, ba tare da sanin wani yaren, iya daidai furta wasu kalmomi.

Bell ya iyaye kokarin bayar da iyakar da hankali ga sauti na murya da kuma karatun basira don ɗansa. A sha uku shekaru, Alexander sauke karatu daga Royal School of Edinburgh, kuma a shekara daga baya ya koma kakansa a London. Nan shi ne ya rayayye binciko tausasãwa na elocution, karanta thematic wallafe-wallafe. A cikin shekaru goma sha shida talented saurayi zama wani malamin rhetoric kuma music a Weston House Academy. Ilimi a Jami'ar Edinburgh Aleksandr Bell bai gama ba.

Motsi zuwa Amurka

Da ewa ba bayan, 'yan'uwa biyu Bell ya mutu da tarin fuka. Doctors shawarci Alexander canza halin da ake ciki. Ya yanke shawarar komawa Canada. A shekara ta 1870, da dukan iyalin sun zauna a Ontario, a wani birni wanda ake kira Brantford.

Tun 1871 Alexander Bell zaune a Boston da kuma koyar da a wani musamman makaranta domin kurãme dalibai. A lokacin da aiki, nan gaba malami masanin kimiyyar rayayye neman hanya don nuna kurãme sanarwa akan abinda sauti na magana. A musamman, da gwaji na'ura a cikinsa musamman membrane fluctuated ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sauti taguwar ruwa da kuma sakamakonsa vibrations zarce zuwa da allura. A allura, bi da bi, ya rubuta cewa da bayanai a kan wani juyawa drum. Wannan sabuwar dabara Bella ya} ashin ga manyan binciken.

"Talking tangarahu"

A 1876, Duniya Nunin (Philadelphia), da kimiyyar gabatar wa jama'a hankali da ban mamaki inji, wanda ya kira "magana gidan waya". Wannan shi ne na farko tarho Aleksandra Bella. Za ka iya tunanin irin mamaki na juri yan, idan sun kasance iya ji daga wani mai magana da Danish Prince shahara monologue "Don zama ko ba su zama?", Wanne a lokaci guda karanta a cikin gaba dakin da ya kirkiro da kansa. Bukatarsa ce da cewa hukuncin da juri a kan na farko wayar a duniya ya unequivocal - ya zama?

Aiki a kan yiwuwar watsa shirye-shirye da sigina na sadarwa tashoshi masanin kimiyya fara More in Scotland. Duk da yake a Amirka, ya ci gaba da bunkasa. Bayyanar da farko wayar a duniya da gudummawar wasu ban sha'awa ƙirƙirãwa.

Alal misali, a wasu nufi Bella ya iya ƙirƙirar musamman lantarki piano, kyale canja wuri da waya da sauti na music.

Da zarar kamfanin "Western Union" ta sanar da wata babbar tsabar kudi lada ga duk wanda ya iya sãmun hanya don aika da dama telegrams lokaci guda, ta amfani da daya kawai biyu daga wayoyi. Leadership kokarin daina ƙarin gidan waya Lines, kuma Bell ya iya bayar da su dama bayani - tare da taimakon ta ci gaba da zama zai yiwu a aika zuwa 7 telegrams a lokaci daya!

A kimiyya harkarsa Bell yi aiki kafada da kafada da Thomas Watson, da kuma bisa ga dokokin da ya electricians shawarci wani shahararren masanin kimiyya daga Boston D. Henry.

Personal rayuwa masanin kimiyya

Yuni 11, 1877 Alexander Bell aure tsohon dalibi Meybl Habbard. Matar kirkiro rasa ta ji a farkon yara, a cikin shekaru na shekaru hudu, bayan rashin lafiya tare da mulufi zazzabi. Bayan bikin aure bikin da biyu koma gida Bell a Ingila. A nan, da ya kirkiro rayayye gaya kowa da kowa game da ban mamaki magana gidan waya. "Telephone ra'ayin" da aka bai ko zuwa gidan sararta, wanda mambobin zo da indescribable ni'ima.

Bell da matarsa rayu shekaru 45. Duk wannan babba lokaci tsakanin su zauna dumi da kuma sada zumunci a tsakaninsu.

Success da fitarwa

Bayan da sanannun da kuma m kamfanonin ki saya da hakkin domin yi na tarho, masanin kimiyyar halitta a kamfanin American jawabi Telephone Company, wanda bayan wasu lokaci ya zama mafi girma a duniya, ya fara zuwa ya samar da babbar dawo. By Maris 1979 Aleksandr Bell da matarsa samu 15% na jimlar riba, kuma ta 1883 da matsayi da ya kai m alamar daya da dala miliyan.

A 1880, ya kirkiro lashe Volta. Bell ya karbi kudi ya ciyar a kan ci gaban da wani sabon shiri gramophone - daya daga cikin farko a duniya na rikodin sauti tsarin, halitta a tare da haɗin gwiwar Charles Sumner Tainter.

A lokaci guda ya ci gaba da aikinsa a fagen magani. Alal misali, University of Heidelberg girmama Bell girmamawa reno mataki domin aukuwa a filin wasa na Ft Irfan Physiology.

Inganta da wayar tafi. A 1881, ya zama kusan fara aiki.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Aleksandr Bell da sabuwar dabara ta zahiri juya duniya juye. Abin baƙin ciki, kiwon lafiya ya fara kasa masanin kimiyya. Har karshe numfashin matarsa Mabel zauna kusa. Daga baya, ta rubuta a cikin ta diary cewa na karshe shiru sakon Bella ya kawai m girgiza yatsunsu a lokacin da ta tambaye shi ba ya bar ta. Ginãwa mutu 4 ga watan Agusta, 1922. A matsayin alamar zaman makoki ga babban masana kimiyya cikin Canada da Amurka duk wayoyin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance fiye da miliyan 13 da aka kashe.

Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar da ya kirkiro

Biography of Aleksandra Bella ban sha'awa saukar zuwa ga mafi karami cikakken bayani. Saboda haka, sanannen masanin kimiyyar ya saba da aiki na musamman a cikin duhu, da dare. Wani lokaci yana zama dalilin rashin jituwa da rigingimu tsakanin maza. Fahimtar tashin hankali Mabel Bell ya sanya maimaita kokarin kawo samun koma "al'ada" a kullum, amma babu wani daga cikinsu bai yi nasara ba.

Kuma Agusta 15, 1877 tsakanin Alexander da almara zamani Thomas Edison gudanar da wani m shawara, wadda daga ƙarshe ta warware a cikin ni'imar da karshen. Edison ya tabbatar da cewa da manufa zabi gaisuwa a farkon tattaunawa ta wayar tarho ne da kalmar "hello Add", wanda a Rasha aka canza kama zuwa wani sananne mana "hello". Sam wayar kirkiro samarwa yi amfani da kalmar "ahoy", wanda fassara a matsayin, "Hey, wanda ke can?".

Shi ne kuma mai ban sha'awa cewa Bell kansa bai son amfani da wayar - kira shagala da shi daga tunanin da kuma aiki. Amma ba shi da uwarsa kuma matarsa, ya kuwa bai iya magana - sun kasance biyu kaucewa kurãme.