Anti-tanki gun Degtyarev. Anti-tanki bindigogi yakin duniya na II

Film "Ballad of wani Soja" yana buɗewa da wani scene cike da bala'i. Soviet-sadarwa warrior korarsu a Jamus tank, ya kange matasa untried soja je, ya gudanar da wata na'ura na karfe ne game da cim tare da shi da kuma murkushe. Wani soja yaga wani jefa anti-tanki gun Degtyarev. Kuma yana amfani da bisa ga abke, tucked damar domin ceto. Ya harbe a maƙiyi na'ura da kuma sunã shũshũta shi. Yana gabatowa wani tanki, amma sadarwa ne ba batattu da shi konewa ma.

"Wannan ba zai iya zama! - Yau za gaya sauran "masana tarihi na soji." - Shin, ba huda tank makamai tare da wani gun! "-" Ka iya! "- zai amsa waɗanda suke saba da wannan batun. Inaccuracy a cikin fim labari iya yi, amma shi shafi ba da fama capabilities wannan aji na makamai, da kuma Chronology.

A kadan game da dabara

Anti-tanki bindigogi da aka halitta a cikin thirties na XX karni a kasashen da dama. Su da jũna quite ma'ana da kuma m warware batun adawa gashi motocin na lokaci. A manyan bindigogi da aka yi da farko wajen magance shi, da kuma PTR - sakandare, amma mafi mobile. gudanar da m dabara kamata hare-haren da tank wedges shafe mutane da dama, har daruruwan inji, amma hari nasarar da aka ayyana ta zai haifar da da ake so taro na dakarun sa ganuwa ga abokan gaba. Don shawo kan masu garu tsaro Lines, sanye take da makamai sokin manyan bindigogi, tare da wani tsiri na minefields da aikin injiniya Tsarin (dragon hakora, hedgehogs, da dai sauransu), Was wani al'amari na yawon buxe ido da kuma fraught tare da asarar mai yawa kayan aiki. Amma idan abokin gaba ba zato ba tsammani buga talauci kare sassan na gaba, za a yi ba da lokaci ga barkwanci. Za mu yi gaggawa "patching ramuka" a cikin tsaro, to jefa gun da dakaru, wanda har yanzu bukatar tono. Da sauri sadar da hakkin adadin bindigogi da harsasai a cikin m yanki ne wuya. Ga kuma amfani anti-tanki gun. PTRD - Weapon gwada da m da m (da yawa mai rahusa fiye da gun). Za su iya samar da wani yawa, sa'an nan ba su duk rarrabuwa. Kamar idan. Sojoji, dauke da makamai su, watakila duk maƙiyi tankuna ba perezhgut, amma za a iya jinkirta da farko. Lokaci za a lashe a, umurnin za lokaci zuwa cire sama da babban karfi. Mu yi tunani don haka da yawa generals a cikin marigayi thirties.

Me ya sa mu da sojoji rasa PTR

Dalilan da cewa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da ci gaba da kuma samar da anti-tanki bindigogi a prewar shekaru da aka kusan rage da ɗan, amma sarki daga cikinsu shi ne kawai m soja rukunan na Red Army. Wasu manazarta nuna wa zargin rashin sani na Soviet jagoranci, to overestimate mataki na makamai kariya na Jamus tankuna, haka kuma ba daidai ba ƙarshe game da low yadda ya dace da SSS a matsayin makamai aji. Akwai ma nassoshi da Cif Glavartupra G. I. Kulika, shi opined. Daga baya ya juya daga cewa har ma da 14.5-mm anti-tanki gun Rukavishnikova ATR-39, soma a shekara ta 1939, ta amince da Red Army da kuma a shekara daga baya soke, shi zai iya soki da makamai na iri daban-daban na kayan aiki, wanda ya da Wehrmacht a 1941.

Abin da Jamus zo

Soviet ta zarce Hitler sojojin da tankuna a wuce haddi na dubu uku. Yana da wuya a kimanta wannan armada da mutunci, idan ba amfani da hanyar na kwatanta. Bugawa tankuna (T-34 da kuma HF) a cikin Red Army da yawa a kasa, kawai 'yan dari. Saboda haka, watakila da Jamus kayan aiki da aka game da wannan quality kamar namu, da gwada yawa magabaci? Wannan ba haka ba.

Tank TI ba kawai sauki, shi za a iya kira guideshoe. Ba tare da bindigogi, tare da matukan jirgin biyu mutane, shi auna kadan fiye da wata mota. Degtyarev antitank bindiga dauka a cikin sabis a cikin kaka na 1941, shi soke dama ta hanyar. Jamus T-II ya ba da mafi alhẽri, ya yi a bulletproof booking da short-gun zamo 37 mm. Har yanzu akwai wani T-III, wanda zai tsaya da duka PTR mariƙin, amma kawai a lokacin da ya buga a cikin frontal bangare, amma a sauran kama shafukan ...

Wani "Panzerwaffe" sun Czech, Polish, Belgium, Faransa da kuma sauran kama inji (suna kunshe a cikin total), gajiyayye, m da talauci kulla sassa. Gaskiyar cewa wani daga gare su iya yin anti-tanki gun Degtyarev, da zarar kuma ba sa so su tunani.

"Tigers" da "Panthers" sun Jamus baya a 1943.

A zaman majalisar na samar da

Yana da wani haraji ga Stalin ta jagoranci, don gyara kurakurai da shi da basira. A yanke shawarar ci gaba aikin a kan PTR aka sanya ranar bayan da yaki ya fara. Wannan hujja ta rushe version na rashin wayar da kan jama'a game da umurni gashi m Wehrmacht, wani yini ya sami irin wannan bayani kawai zai yiwu ba. The gaggawa (kasa da wata daya da aka kashe a kan samar da gwaji raka'a) gasar da aka gudanar biyu samfurori, kusan shirye da kaddamar da cikin samarwa. Anti-tanki bindiga Simonov nuna sakamako mai kyau, amma a cikin fasaha bangare na baya biyu gwajin PTR. Ya fi wuya a na'ura, da kuma ma mutum, wanda kuma ya rinjayi Hukumar ta yanke shawara. A kwanaki na ƙarshe na Agusta Degtyarev antitank bindiga da aka hukumance soma da Red Army da kuma sa a cikin samarwa a wani makamai ma'aikata a Kovrov, kuma a cikin watanni biyu - a Izhevsk. Domin shekaru uku da suka kasance sunã yi fiye da 270 dubu guda.

farko sakamakon

A karshen Oktoba 1941 halin da ake ciki samo asali a gaban catastrophic. A avant-garde da Wehrmacht zo zuwa Moscow biyu dabarun echelon na Red Army kusan aka niƙa a giant "tukwane", wata babbar yanki na Turai na da Tarayyar Soviet sun kasance a ƙarƙashin diddige da invaders. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da Soviet sojojin ba a rasa zuciya. Rashin manyan bindigogi a isa yawa, da dakarun nuna heroism suka yi yaƙi da tankuna, ta amfani da gurneti da kuma Molotov cocktails. Dama kashe taron line wani sabon makami ruwaito zuwa gaban. 16 Nuwamba 1075 sojoji dakaru rajimanti na 316th Division, kashe uku maƙiyi tankuna, ta amfani PTRD. Photo heroes da kuma Nazi art ƙone su buga Soviet jaridu. Ba da da ewa bi ta wani mabiyi, a karkashin Lugovoi fara hayaki hudu tank baya cinye Warsaw da kuma Paris.

waje MFI

Newsreel yaki shekaru akai-akai kama mu da sojoji da anti-tanki bindigogi. Tunãni, kuma aukuwa fadace-fadace da su yi amfani da a fasalin fina-finan (msl, a wani fitacciyar S. Bondarchuk "Sun yi ya gida"). Faransa, Amurka, Birtaniya da kuma Jamus sojoji da PTRD shirin rubutã tarihi da yawa kasa. Shin haka yana nufin cewa anti-tanki bindigogi yakin duniya na II sun yafi Soviet? Don wasu har, a. A cikin irin wannan yawa na wannan makami da aka samar kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Amma aiki a kan shi su a kasar Birtaniya (Boyce tsarin) da kuma a Jamus (PzB-38, PzB-41), da kuma Poland (da UR), da kuma Finland (L-35), da kuma a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech (MSS-41) . Kuma ko da a cikin tsaka tsaki Switzerland (S18-1000). Wani abu da injiniyoyi na duk wadannan, ba tare da shakka, technologically "m" kasashe sun ba su iya wuce Rasha makamai na da sauki, ladabi fasaha mafita, da kuma ingancin ma. Kuma coolly da harbe-harben bindiga a cikin zuwan tank daga cikin wuriyar, ba kowane soja iya yi. Za mu iya.

A huda makamai?

PTRD yana da game da wannan wasan kwaikwayon halaye a matsayin antitank bindiga Simonov, amma yana da sauki ga shi (17.3 vs. 20,9 kg) da kuma guntu (2000 da 2108 mm, bi da bi) da kuma na gaskiya sauki, saboda haka, kasa lokaci ake bukata don tsaftacewa da sauki don horar da shooters. Wadannan dalilai bayyana Jihar Hukumar f? F, duk da cewa PTSD iya fire wani ya fi girma kudi saboda gina pyatipatronnogo store. Babban ingancin wannan makami har yanzu yana da ikon shiga makamai kariya daga daban-daban nisa. Wannan bukata don aika na musamman nauyi harsashi daga karfe core (kuma, dole, tare da wani ƙarin incendiary cajin kunna bayan wucewa ta cikin shãmaki) a isasshe high rate.

sokin

A nesa a da anti-tanki gun Degtyarev ne mai hadarin gaske ga sulke da motocin na abokan gaba, - rabin kilomita. Daga wannan yana yiwuwa ya shafi sauran hari, kamar bunkers, bunkers, kazalika da jiragen sama. harsashi size ne 14.5 mm (sa B-32 al'ada makamai sokin incendiary ko BC-41 da yumbu superhard tip). Tsawon yayi dace munition dako cannons, 114 mm. Distance manufa rauni tare da ajiyar na 30 cm kauri ne 40 mm, da kuma wani da ɗari mita wannan harsashi ya keta 6 cm.

daidaito

Daidaito na da sakamakon kayyade nasarar harbi a mafi m wuraren da makiya kayan aiki. Kariya da aka ci gaba da inganta, don haka sojojin da aka saki kuma da sauri sabunta umarnin don bayar da shawarar yadda za mafi kyau su yi amfani da anti-tanki gun. A zamani ra'ayi na fama sulke da motocin kawai la'akari da yiwuwar fadowa cikin mafi raunin da maki. Lokacin da harbe-harben a gwaje-gwaje da mutum ɗari-mita nesa na 75% na harsasai kama a cikin unguwa na 22-santimita manufa cibiyar.

zane

Abin da sauki fasaha mafita, m, suka kada ta kasance. WWII makamai sau da yawa da za'ayi a wuya yanayi saboda da tilasta fitarwa da kuma abubuwan tayin nazarinsa a kan unprepared yankunan (da shi ya faru da cewa wani lokaci yana aiki a bude iska). Mun tsere wannan rabo Kovrovsky da Izhevsk masana'antu, wanda har 1944 samar PTRD. Anti-tanki gun Degtyarev, duk da sauki daga cikin na'urar, wanda kunshi duk da nasarorin da Rasha armourers.

Ganga an Threaded, vosmizahodny. A wurin ne ya fi kowa, da gaban da gannanku, kuma bi-tsiri (har zuwa 400 m da kuma 1 km). PTRD caje a matsayin talakawa bindiga, amma mai karfi irinta ya haddasa gaban ganga birki da kuma bazara buga absorber. Domin saukaka, rike bayar (ga shi zai iya ci gaba da daya dauke da sojoji) da kuma bipod. Komai: annabi, guduma inji, karɓar, stock da sauran bindiga halaye, ta yi ciki da ergonomics, wanda ya kasance kullum shahara ga Rasha makamai.

sabis

A cikin filin, partially disassembled yi karin sau da yawa, da samar da kau da disassembly na ƙofar kamar yadda mafi gur ~ naúrar. Idan wannan bai isa ba, ya wajaba a cire bipod, butt, sa'an nan kwakkwance jawo kuma cire nunin tasha. A low zazzabi, sanyi ne amfani man shafawa, a wasu lokuta saba gun mai № 21. A Kit hada da wani ramrod (collapsible), oiler, sukudireba, biyu bandolier da biyu ruwa-resistant cover da takardar (ɗaya a kowane gefe na gun) da kuma wani sabis form, a cikinsa akwai lokuta na horo da kuma fama amfani, kazalika da misfiring da kuma kasawa.

Korea

A 1943, Jamus masana'antu fara nuna matsakaici da kuma nauyi tankuna da wani iko protivosnaryadnym booking. Soviet sojojin na ci gaba da amfani da PTRD da haske, kasa kare motocin, kazalika da kashe da harbe-harben da maki. A karshen yaki da bukatar anti-tanki bindigogi bace. Don magance sauran Jamus tankuna iko manyan bindigogi da kuma sauran makaman amfani a 1945. Yakin duniya na II ƙare. Yana da jũna da cewa lokaci PTRD irretrievably tafi. Amma shekaru biyar daga baya da shi ya fara da Korean War, da kuma "haihuwa gun" sake fara harbi, duk da haka, a cikin tsohon masõya - Amirkawa. Yana kunshi m Korea ta Arewa sojojin da PLA, suka yi yaƙi a sashin har 1953. American tankuna na postwar tsara sau da yawa kiyaye fadowa, amma akwai kowa da kowa. PTRD amfani da da kuma yadda iska tsaro nufi.

A post-yaki tarihi

A gaban babban adadin mai kyau makami da musamman halaye karfafa su nemi wasu kyau amfani da shi. Dubban raka'a aka adana a cikin man shafawa. Abin da anti-tanki gun za a iya amfani? Modern m ajiyar tank iya tsayayya ko da buga Zafi dako, ba a ma maganar da pool (ko da shi ne tare da wani core da kuma musamman tip). A 60th yanke shawarar PTRD iya farautar like da Whales. A ra'ayin shi ne mai kyau, amma shi ya yi yawa nauyi wannan abu. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a gudanar da maharbi wuta a nesa daga sama zuwa wani kilometer irin wannan gun, babban farko gudu damar zuwa harba sosai daidai a gaban wani Tantancewar gani. Armor BMP ko BTR PTRD karya sauƙi, saboda haka, makamai a yau ba gaba daya rasa ta munasaba. Saboda haka ne shi, a warehouses, jiran a fuka-fuki ...