Assuriyawa - su waye ne? Culture, addini, tarihi

A mutane Assuriya yana da wani ban sha'awa da al'adunsu da kuma mai girma na tarihi al'adunmu, wanda aka kiyaye su domin mutane da yawa ƙarni. Duk da cewa jihar Assuriya fadi da baya a cikin shida karni BC, da al'umma ta ci gaba da zama da kuma ci gaba. Wannan, ba shakka, da sabon abu ya cancanci a ce da su, da kuma mutane san game da shi. Assuriyawa - su waye ne? Amsa ga wannan tambaya ba haka ba ne mai sauki, amma za mu yi kokarin yi shi a cikin wannan labarin.

A tarihin Assuriyawa jihar

Assuriyawa daular ƙare ta zama a 612, kuma tun sa'an nan da al'umma, da ake kira da Assuriyawa, rayuwa ba tare da ciwon kansu jihar. Idan muka magana game da tarihi mahaifarsa na kabila, shi ne located a kan ƙasa Mesofotamiya (yanzu Iraq). Daya iya kawai tunanin abin da kokarin da aka yi da mutane Assuriya, ba don assimilate, kada watsar, a duniya, ba su bace daga kasa taswira. Kuma suka aikata - Mutane Assuriyawa yanzu suke zaune a cikin Caucasus, Tatarstan, kasar Iraki, Turkiyya, Amurka da kuma kula da kusa lamba tare da juna.

Assuriyawa - kabila. Amma a lokaci guda wakilin mutane ba zai iya yi da kabila Assuriya, saboda wannan kasar ba ta zama a yau.

Al'adu Assuriyawa kabila

Al'adu, wanda shi ne wannan rana kiyaye Assuriyawa, aka haifi da gudana a lokacin da wayewar dan adam ne a ta asalin. Assuriyawa daular dade game da shekara dubu biyu, birnin da aka gina, ƙirƙiri management kayayyakin gudana haraji. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi arziki da al'adu na duniya, domin shi yana da dogon-tsaye da kwarewa. Mutane da yawa nasarori da cewa mu yi amfani da, sun fito da ko bude mana, zamani mutane, da tsoho Assuriyawa.

rubuce-rubuce

Musamman hankali ya kamata a rubuta Assuriyawa. All ilmi game da rayuwa da kuma al'adun da lokaci bil'adama samu ta hanyar lãka Allunan. Da farko amfani pictography (image abubuwa, su waje form). Tun da zane a matsayin hanyar sadarwa daukan sosai tsawon lokaci, da samun Saukake, duk da haka ba ya juya zuwa cikin cuneiform. Ink tsoho wayewar bayar da shawarwari lãka, amma wani kayan aiki na rubuce-rubuce - kaifi itace, Planed itace.

Fale-falen, a kan abin da tsoho Assuriyawa rubuta game da kansu da kuma duniya kewaye da su, sa'an nan bushe da kuma kora da rubutu ba a shafi danshi ko lokaci.

An sani cewa makaranta wanzu a Assuriya. A lokacin rami na alluna da aka samu, wanda aka gano a matsayin wani "ga kayan aiki da koyarwar dalibai." Don karatu guda rubutun da aka bai shekaru hudu. Daga baya mun gano cewa har ma da jami'a yake ƙasar Bagadaza, mai yiwuwa a farko ga mutãne. Yana karatu rubuce-rubuce, nahawu da zanen. Abin baƙin ciki, ãyõyi da aikin gida da kuma laccoci ba a kiyaye su. Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa tiles da aka bi da tare da m hannayensu. Kuma yana yiwuwa soured, ba halfway ga shekaru musamman bayani game da hanyoyin koyarwa.

Abin da harshen da ake magana Assuriyawa?

Assuriyawa harshe ne cakuda Eastern Aramaic yaruka wanda etymologically nasa ne a gidan na Afro-Asiatic harsuna. A wannan harshe magana ba kawai Assuriyawa suka rayu a Iran, Turkiyya, Iraki da kuma Siriya, amma kuma baƙi a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, Amurka. Literary Assuriyawa harshen da aka kafa a karni na sha tara. Sai aka buga kuma aka buga da latsa, wallafe-wallafe. A harshen girman kai da yawa waje kalmomi.

M Assuriyawa: addini da bangaskiya

Fara labarin da Assuriyawa addini sa hankali daga Littafi Mai Tsarki labari. Ta ƙaunar da kuma girmama Assuriyawa. Addini da wuri na girmamawa, don haka labarin da aka sani zuwa ga kowa da kowa. Jigon shi ne cewa daya daga cikin Magi, wanda ya zo da jariri Yesu da kyautai, ya ta Assuriyawa kasa. Tabbatar da ganin cewa Almasihu aka zahiri haifeshi cikin duniya, masihirci kõma zuwa ga mutãnensa, kuma ya kwashe kyau labarai cewa halitta da wata mu'ujiza, kuma mai ceto haife shi a kowane gida.

Assuriyawa addini ne na musamman version na Kristanci kira Nestorian. Wannan yadda Assuriyawa imani. Wane ne suka tawurin bangaskiya? More daidai kiran su Kiristoci, amma musamman.

Ana zargin da Nestorians

Akwai wani addini shugabanci a game da biyar karni. The kafa yana dauke su a m mai suna Nestor da daga baya sarki na Konstantinoful. A post da ya gudanar na tsawon shekaru hudu, daga 428 for 431 shekara. Game da Nestorians a matsayin addini, shi ne ya gane abubuwa da yawa daga cikin rukunan Arius. Ka tuna da bangaskiya na Arius da aka ƙi da karkatacciyar koyarwa ta farko Ecumenical Council a cikin 325, tun ƙaryata mas'ala ta Yesu a matsayin allahntaka Manzo. Hakika, da Nestorian yana da yawa yaudarar bambance-bambance, wato, da sakawa na Yesu Almasihu ba kamar yadda Allah (Kiristanci) da kuma ba kamar yadda mutum (Aria), amma kamar yadda wata dabba, wanda yana da mutum fuska tare da Allah a cikin. A damuwa shi ne cewa Yesu Kristi shi ne farkon biyu: allahntaka da kuma adam, da kuma za a iya samun sauƙin rabu da juna.

A dangane da irin ra'ayoyi da yanayi na Yesu Kristi, a Nestorians in ba haka ba bi da image na uwar Allah. Shi ne ake kira Hristoroditsey ba bauta kamar yadda ka yi da Orthodox. Game da sharu ɗ, sun Nestorians converge da gargajiya baftisma, firistoci, tarayya, dõmin tũba. Bugu da kari to duk wannan, da asiri a cikin wannan addini mai tsarki suna dauke yisti da kuma alamar gicciye.

Assuriyawa Church a kai liturgies Thaddeus da kuma Mark da bishara, wanda aka rubuta a lokacin da ya tsaya a Urushalima. Bauta dauki a kan starosiriyskom harshe. Gumaka da mutummutumai wakiltar tsarkaka ne ba m abubuwa a cikin majami'u. Firistoci ƙin ɗaure aure ba a bayar, Assuriyawa Church Yana ba da shawara aure ko bayan keɓewa,.

tsananta

A cikin uku Ecumenical Majalisar Nestorianism sha wahala guda bakin ciki rabo a matsayin addini na Arius - ya aka samu karkatacciyar koyarwa. Tun daga nan, da Nestorians rai al'ummomi, da shugabannin wanda ake gane Catholicos-Jikoki. A shekarar 1968, da rukunan raba biyu makarantu, wanda dabam zama a wannan rana. A farko makaranta - Assuriyawa Church, cibiyar wadda, abin mamaki, shi ne a Amurka Jihar Illinois. Na biyu, da ake kira Ancient Church na Gabas, zaunar a birnin Bagadaza (Iraq).

A karni na ashirin: Assuriyawa, wanda su a yau?

Don matsar da Rasha ƙasa Assuriyawa ya fara bayan 1918, lokacin da ya bayyana: a cikin Turkey sun kawai hallaka. A liyafar sun shirya quite dumi, wanda shi ne saboda da sa hannu na mutane a yakin duniya na farko a kan gefen Rasha sojojin. A general, karni na ashirin shine muni ga Assuriyawa, wanda aka sau biyu da hannu a wani m yaki da Turks. Duk da yake da yawa daga cikin Assuriyawa ya liƙe fatan a Rasha a matsayin mai ceto na Kiristoci na Gabas daga karkiyar, kuma ko da darkãkẽwa. Su aka yi wa'adi cin gashin kuma m iko, amma a lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, da bukatar su cika alkawuran ma iri na cikin bango.

Aƙalla rabin Assuriyawa suke zaune a Rasha Empire, da aka kashe a yakin duniya na farko. A kwata sha wahala daga danniya 'yan shekarun da suka gabata baya. Sa'an nan yakin duniya na II zo a 1941 a kan ƙasa na Rasha, sake kashe da dama Assuriyawa wanda kafada to kafada tare da sauran kasashe suka yi yaƙi da farkisanci. Kuma a karshe, ga fitar da Assuriyawa a Siberia a shekara ta 1949 ya kai ga cewa game da wani uku na dukan hijira aka kashe a cikin wadannan hunturu saboda rashin dumi tufafi.

A shekarar 1956, suka yarda su koma zuwa Caucasus, zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Ina Assuriyawa rayuwa ga wannan rana. wanda su irin wannan? Me rayuwa a Tatarstan, a cikin Caucasus, Iraki, Turkiyya da kuma Amurka? Location gudu, kuma me ya sa? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi suna ba da tarihin, yanzu sane da masu karatu.