Astrakhan, Uspensky Cathedral. Ibada na Astrakhan Kremlin

Wannan tsoho Rasha birni da aka sani zuwa duniya ba ne kawai dogon tarihi, kyawawan wurare da kuma raya masana'antu, amma kuma domin da yawon bude ido. Astrakhan, kwance a kan bankunan na Volga, arziki da al'adu da tarihi da dabi'u, da abin da muka kasance saba.

A kadan tarihi

Tushen Astrakhan koma ƙarni. A farko ambaci wuri inda a yau ne a birnin kwanan baya zuwa goma sha uku karni. The hukuma ranar haihuwa ne 1558, a lokacin da gini na katako Kremlin, a kan hagu banki na Volga. A sa'an nan, bayan shiga cikin Rasha Empire, wani sabon page a cikin tarihi na Astrakhan Khanate. Duk da haka, da hukuma matsayi na birni samu daga baya - a farkon karni na sha takwas, a karkashin Peter I.

Amma a kan wannan batu tsakanin masana tarihi akwai wasu ra'ayoyin. Astrakhan tarihi da kuma ethnographer Vladimir Gusev yi imanin cewa Astrakhan riga 1385 shekaru. The masanin kimiyya yi imanin cewa bayyanar birni ba za a iya kwanan rana a wasu takamaiman shekara domin shi ne mai dogon aiwatar da aka bayyana a cikin siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu ci gaba.

Wasu masana tarihi binciko mythological kwatancin wadannan wurare ayan zama versions na ƙasar Astrakhan ne sosai haihuwa - ta ne game da shekara dubu saba'in!

Asalin sunan

A halin yanzu, akwai kuma babu unambiguous versions game da asalin sunan birnin. Akwai da dama Legends. A farko an haɗa da kabilar Aesir, da suke zaune a wadannan kasashe. Bold warriors domin su ƙarfin zuciya da kuma girmamawa, bayyana a cikin fadace-fadace, samu daga Khan daftarin aiki da cewa 'yanta su daga aikinsu a cikin ni'imar Tarhan iko. A daraja na wannan girma taron aces kira garin As-Tarkhan.

Akwai kuma wani ra'ayi, dangane da rubuce kafofin. A kwatanta tafiyarka Arab jama'a Ibn Battuta ya gaya mana cewa, birnin da aka mai suna bayan daya daga mãsu taƙawa alhaji. Turkish Hajj, suka zaɓi wannan wuri domin shirya, samu shi wata lambar yabo daga Sultan ta bi-free, ko, kamar yadda suka ce to, da sultan yi mahajjaci Tarkhan. Saboda haka ya zo da sunan Xacitarxan. Kamar yadda shi tasowa, da mazauna girma a cikin wani kauye, sa'an nan ya juya zuwa ga birnin.

A goyon bayan wannan sunan magana da matafiyi Athanasius Nikitin. Shi ne a cikin wadannan wurare a tsakiyar karni na sha biyar da kuma da'awa Astrakhan - a Rasha version, wanda dogara ne a kan Xacitarxan.

Astrakhan tarihi da kuma ethnographer Vladimir Gusev yi imanin cewa, na farko, sunan birnin da aka Aztargan, kuma aka sa shi game da 625, da kasashen yammacin Turkic Kagan Ozbulanom.

rayuwa ta zamani

Astrakhan yau ne babban tashar jiragen ruwa makaman, wanda yake shi ne yana kokarin muhimmanci ga jihar, domin shi ne a aiwatar da hanyar hadin gwiwa tare da wani yawan littoral kasashen. Wannan shi ne daya daga manyan masana'antu cibiyoyin, wanda yana da abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin ci gaba da kai cibiyar sadarwa da kuma wani m tattalin arziki da yanayin wuri. Astrakhan yankin, tare da hanyõyi, a hada a cikin duniya sufuri tsarin dake haɗa tsakanin wani kudu da arewa.

Astrakhan ne mai arziki a cikin albarkatun da cewa ba da damar birnin wajen samar da daban-daban rassan da tattalin arzikin kasar. Ga shi an habaka kama kifi. To ɓullo da haske da abinci masana'antu.

Amma mafi ƙwarai al'adu da tarihi da bangaren. Akwai da yawa gidajen tarihi da majami'u. Musamman dubi majestically cikin dukan haikali na tarihi birane kamar Astrakhan, Uspensky Cathedral. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan wuraren yin tsafin na lardin.

jan hankali Astrakhan

Ganin dogon tarihi na wannan Rasha birni, za ka iya tunanin yadda da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa akwai a cikinsa. Wani abu da aka rasa ba, amma sa'a, da yawa ya zauna a yau.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun gani a duk faɗin duniya ne Astrakhan Kremlin, wanda za a iya gani cikin tsakiyar tunawa da birnin. Wannan musamman a cikin tarihi darajar da kyau na da abin tunawa da gine halitta a kan shekara arba'in - daga 1580 zuwa shekara ta 1620. Shi ne misalta soja injiniya baiwa na karni, kazalika da irin hallmark birnin. Located a kan mafi girman dutsen, shi ne a bayyane daga ko'ina.

A Kremlin hada da dama jan hankali, tsakanin wanda ya fi shahara Orthodox coci Astrakhan - Cathedral na ɗauka. A nan ne kararrawa hasumiya Prechistenskie ƙofar - sanannen, mafi girma hasumiyar birnin tsawo na fiye da tamanin mita. Har ila yau a cikin Astrakhan yana da wani kiyayewa yankin inda za ka iya koyi game da gaskiya richness na Flora da fauna daga Astrakhan. Akwai circus, da yawa gidajen tarihi, kyau da kuma da kiyaye yawo, marẽmari da kuma wasu masu ban sha'awa wurare.

Astrakhan Kremlin

Wannan birni-kafa wurin Ina son a ce 'yan mafi kalmomi. Tun shekara ta 1980, wannan gine-gine da gungu ya samu matsayi na wani abin tunawa daga tarayya muhimmancin.

Astrakhan Kremlin halitta da} o} arin na Moscow birni sãka wamãkirci: Mihaila Velyaminova, Gregory Ovtsyna da hukuma Dey lipped. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kamar gina kayayyakin amfani a kan sauran kango na Tatar plinths.

A cikin tarihi na yi na Astrakhan Kremlin, da ci gaban birnin da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa iya gaya da lãbãri gabatar a nan, sun ha] a da eponymous tarihi da kuma gine-gine. Na musamman sha'awa ne nuni, dake a cikin gãnuwõyi. Alal misali, manyan bindigogi, ko da wani azabtarwa, da hasumiya ba ka damar samun ra'ayin a kan yadda za a azabtar da a lokacin a Rasha. Amma wannan daukan hotuna iya ziyarci ziyara a cikin shekaru goma sha shida.

Exposure hasumiya "Red Gate" gaya baƙi game da tarihi da kuma ci gaban da Astrakhan Kremlin a daban-daban ƙarni. Akwai, misali, a photo nuni mai taken "Old Astrakhan", inda za ka ga tsohon hotunan marigayi XIX - farkon karni XX, kazalika da haifuwa.

Kuri'a na ban sha'awa abubuwa za a iya gani a kan ƙasa da Kremlin. Har ila yau, a nan ne Triniti Cathedral, Chapel St. Cyril, Bishop ta gidan da wasu abubuwan jan hankali da cewa gaya labarin wannan tsohon birnin kamar Astrakhan.

zato Cathedral

An located a kan ƙasa da Kremlin, kuma shi ne ya fi shahara shrine. Gininsa yakan majestically a kan ƙasa da Kremlin da markedly daga ko ina a cikin birnin da kewayensa. Height, wanda shi ne na ɗauka cewa Cathedral (Astrakhan), ya gabatar da kansa a cikin mafi girma Rasha Orthodox Cathedrals da kuma duniya. Na halitta wannan jauhari na Rasha Orthodox gine Dorofey Myakishev.

Haikalin yana da wani biyu-tiered tsarin. A farko matakin, wanda shi ne kasa a tsawo, shi ne abin da ake kira ƙananan haikali, a wurin da ya rage Astrakhan firistoci. A nan ne haramin tare da sauran kaya daga tsarkaka da kuma shahidi.

Upper haikali high da kuma haske. Hasken rana ya wuce ta biyu tiers na babbar windows.

Kamar yadda Kremlin, wanda tarihi ya gaya game da rayuwar wannan babban birni kamar yadda Astrakhan, Uspensky Cathedral - ma wani batu na amfani da masu arziki da kuma arziki baya.

Cathedral labarinsa

Ya fara da 1560, a lokacin da wannan wuri da aka gina na farko log gida coci, wanda shi ne karshen karni, rududdugaggu kuma an maye gurbinsu da mafi m dutse. Duk da haka, wannan gini da aka ba wa dogon tsayayya. Dalilin shi ne dalilin da rushe na dutse coci, shi ne ya size, wanda ba zai iya ƙunsar azumi-girma Ikklesiya al'umma.

Kuma a cikin 1699 ya fara gina ɗauka cewa Cathedral (Astrakhan), da labarin na ta yi tsawon shekaru goma. A farko cikas a kan wannan hanya shi ne rashin taimakon kudi daga jihar. Metropolitan Sampson ya dauki iko da ginin da kuma yi kira ga mutanen da nan don yan kasuwa da gidan haya. Local nobility bai zama m da kuma tattara isasshen kudi, sunã kira zuwa ga aikin da mafi kyau artists na Astrakhan. Manyan m na aikin da aka nada m Dorothea Myakisheva.

A farko gine-gine da zane zaton domed Haikali. Duk da haka, a lokacin gina wani matsala da aka gano tare da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma kau da m samarwa wani sabon biyar-Dome zane. Kuma a cikin 1710, a wani haikali bauta fara.

Revolutionary shekaru ya yi da gyara a cikin rãyuwar dukan jihar, su ne ba kare gefen kuma Astrakhan. Zato Cathedral aka bincike sau da yawa, a lokaci guda ya fitar da wani babban yawan abubuwa a ko'ina cikin coci farantin. A babbar ɓangare na shi aka narke, da kuma babban coci da aka rufe. Tun 1922 da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani sito, a dakin motsa jiki, wani harbi iyaka da kuma ga sauran dalilai.

By 1992, da coci da ke cikin wani mummunan jihar: da iconostasis ƙone, da ganuwar da aka rabin halaka, gumaka hallaka. Daga wannan shekara ta fara da sabuntawa na babban coci. Bauta na farko da za'ayi a cikin ƙananan coci, da kuma a 'yan shekaru da kuma sake maido da a saman.

Cathedral iconostasis

Wannan shi ne babban ado, wanda featured ɗauka cewa Cathedral (Astrakhan) a pre-neman sauyi shekaru. Iconostasis nan shi ne na musamman saboda towered takwas tiers. Church hadisin Ibada na'urar a lokacin bai ba da damar fiye da bakwai da layuka na gumaka.

A iconostasis na ɗauka Cathedral kafin juyin juya halin da aka yi wa ado da kyau icons fentin da sanannen Masters: Nikifor Popov da Ivanom Andreevym. Yau, mafi yawan su mayar, kuma ya sami ya vosmiyarusnuyu tsawo.

Ina Astrakhan

Na located wannan ban mamaki tsoho Rasha birni a Kudancin Tarayya District of Rasha. Bugu da kari ga Astrakhan yankin, shi ya hada biyar more batutuwa. A ƙasa na gundumar aka located a kudancin Turai na Rasha da kuma nasa ne da Volga-Caspian yankin.

Amsawa ga tambaya, inda ne Astrakhan, ya kamata kuma ce cewa yana da duk located a kan goma sha tsibiran Caspian ciki, sun hadu tare ta wajen talatin da gadoji. Babban ɓangare na birnin ta yawan zaune a kan hagu banki na Volga River, da kuma kawai wani na biyar na - a kan dama.