Catalytic Gyara - shi ne ci-gaba da fasaha tare da tsohon tarihin

Amfani kaddarorin da man fetur da aka sani zuwa ga mutãne, tun a tarihi mai nisa. Ana amfani da man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa domin samar da roba zaruruwa da kuma robobi. A lokaci guda mutãne ya kullum nemi a kara amfanin samu daga cikin aiki da burbushin habaka. Wata irin wannan hanya shi ne catalytic Gyara - wani tsari da ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa high quality-fetur da kuma aromatic hydrocarbons. Wannan Hanyar mai aiki da aka kirkiro da baya a 1911, kuma tun shekara ta 1939, da fasahar da aka yi amfani da on masana'antu sikelin. Tun da burbushin habaka barasan Hanyar ne kullum inganta. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin mafi fitattu kuma tasiri hanyoyin da za a samar da fetur da high Octane lambar.

man fetur barasan

Catalytic Gyara - An aiwatar da dehydrogenation (hydrogen abstraction daga wani kwayoyin kwayoyin mahadi) shida-membered naphthenes a gaban nickel da kuma wasu sauran karafa na platinum kungiyar a wani babban zazzabi, wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar aromatic mahadi. A wasu kalmomin, wani tsari da cewa samar high-Octane samfurin - reformate - daga low quality-raw kayan - mike-gudu fetur.

Babban dalilin saboda wanda haka yadada Gyara - damuwa ga yanayin wuri. Kafin haka, domin ya sami fetur tare da high Octane yawan amfani da gubar-tushen antiknock. Lokacin da dokokin sake fasalin dokokin watsi ne kusan ba ya nan.

A sakamakon kayayyakin

By ake ji wannan fasahar, yana yiwuwa ya zo da mafi muhimmanci da petrochemical feedstock - benzene, toluene, aromatic hydrocarbon. Yau, catalytic Gyara - ne tsari da wanda tashi zuwa 480 ton miliyan na petrochemical kayayyakin a kowace shekara a duniya.

Babban karshen-samfurin na samar da sake zagayowar ne reformate - fetur da wani Octane rating na 93-102. Lokaci guda, akwai by-kayayyakin - paraffinic hydrocarbons, da kuma 90% na hydrogen gas, wanda shi ne mafi tsarki fiye da samu ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin.

Wani samfurin rakiyar catalytic Gyara, shi ne coke. An ajiye a farfajiya na mai kara kuzari, wajen rage yawan ta aiki. Its kokarin rage yawan.

Catalytic Gyara Technology

Kamar yadda wani feedstock for catalytic Gyara ta naphtha ayyukan - man fetur tare da low Octane lambar. A dukan tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin 3-4 reactors wanda da wani ajali gado na kara kuzari. A reactors ne juna bututu tare da hadaddun Multi-jam'iyya tsarin kuma mai tsanani tsaka samfurin.

Catalysts catalytic Gyara ne m - alumina (A1203) cike da koyaswa platinum lu'ulu'u. A reactors a zazzabi na 480-520 ° C da kuma matsa lamba na daga 1.2 zuwa 4 MPa feedstock ne tuba zuwa cikin high-Octane aromatics da isoparaffin. Sau da yawa sosai, don inganta zaman lafiyar na aiwatar da fasaha a aiwatar da mafi tsada karfe (rhenium, germanium, iridium), da kuma halogens - chlorine da sunadarin flourine.

Nau'in catalytic Gyara

Yau ƙirƙira yawa hanyoyin domin samar da high-Octane fetur da aromatics ta catalytic Gyara halayen. Kowane waje kamfanin rike sirrin da kansa samar da hanya. Duk da haka, da suka da su ne bisa uku main hanyoyin:

1. Gyara mai gudanar a lokaci guda a cikin uku ko hudu reactors ci gaba. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa aiwatar da mai kara kuzari ne na farko da cikakken tasowa ta m, bayan da reactor aka tsaya muddin totur ba zai mayar da dũkiyõyinsu.
2. Cigaba da dauki raka'a 2-3 - reagent lokaci zuwa lokaci mayar a kowane tsarin kamar yadda ta fitarwa. Lokacin da wannan tsari ba a tsaya, da kuma farfadowa reactor aka maye gurbinsu da wani "iyo", tilas ba ne.

A mafi yi za a iya cimma a ci gaba da kwarara dauki amfani da regenerating shuke-shuke da kuma nukiliya. A kara kuzari, kamar yadda tabarbarewar da kaddarorin, aka sanya a cikin regenerative jam'iyya, da kuma a wurinsa shi ne "sabuwar gano reactant" wurare dabam dabam na faruwa aljumoplatinovyh mahadi.

key matsala

Babban matsalar da ke tafiya tare da kawo canji - shi ne samuwar babban adadin coke-rage catalytic ikon aljumoplatinovyh kayan. A bayani na wannan matsala ta ƙunshi a kona fitar da coke a farfajiya na amsawa abubuwa ta wajen wani oxygen-inert cakuda a zazzabi na 300-500 digiri Celsius. Wannan tsari a cikin kimiyya al'umma ne ake kira farfadowa. Cikakken mayar da catalytic kashi ne da ba zai yiwu. Kamar yadda aiki ya fashi da samun mazan, sa'an nan ya aiko don a musamman shuka, inda shi ne cirewa daga platinum da sauran tsada karafa.

Catalytic Gyara reactors

Wannan hanya na aiki da burbushin habaka da aka yi da iri daban-daban shuke-shuke. To suna kaɗan daga gare su:

• Selectoforming. A nan, da kawo canji tsari hadawa catalytic dehydrogenation da zabe hydrocracking.
• Platforming. Yana kunshi cikin reactor 3, da kuma lokacin da catalysts ne daga 6 zuwa 12 watanni.
• Ultraforming. Daya daga cikin na farko shigarwa tare da wani "iyo" reactor dake gudanar da da dawo da tsarin na reagent.
• Isoplus. Ga samfurin ake hada Gyara matakai da kuma thermal fatattaka.

A mafi yadu Gyara man samu a North America - ne a shekara tafiyar matakai har zuwa 180 ton miliyan na halitta man fetur. A na biyu wuri ne kasashen Turai - suna asusu na game da 93 ton miliyan. Rasha rufe saman uku tare da wani shekara-shekara fitarwa na game da 50 ton miliyan na man fetur.