Il-476: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, man amfani, photos

Jirgin sama a kasar mu yana da tushe mai zurfi da kuma wani sosai daraja tarihi. Musamman m watch, kamar yadda shi ne a yanzu Rasha jirgin sama ne sau da yawa tam dogara a kan waje kaya. Abin farin, duk wannan da aka dauka mai tsawo-awaited siyasa na musanyawa na shigo cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Amma da zarar akwai matsala samar da naka kai da jirgin sama.

Har kwanan nan, wannan aikin da aka za'ayi a hade tare da Ukrainian CB "Antonov" amma da wani sashe a kan tare da wannan kasuwanci da kamfanonin an ƙara zama da wuya. Daga cikin abubuwan, da Rasha soja ne ba gamsu da Ukrainian gefen alaka da samar da ci gaba. A ta aice, domin kusan shekaru goma, "Antonov" kuma ba zai iya bayar da wani abu fundamentally sabon.

Da ewa ba bayan, mu jiha ya ba da hukuma tashi da kansa shirin, sakamakon wanda ya zama wani sabon gaba daya kai jirgin sama m samar da Il-476. Yanzu da aiki a kan halittarsa a cike lilo.

Game da kyautayuwa da kuma sauran al'amurran

An sani cewa kashin na soja da kuma na farar kai da jirgin sama a kasar mu kasance cikin tsohon Il-76, wanda aka gada daga Tarayyar Soviet. A farko jirgin sama na wannan aji nominally tashi ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1973. Production da aka za'ayi na dogon lokaci a Tashkent jirgin sama shuka. A tarihin samar kunshi game da shekaru 40. Total gudanar da tattara game da dubu daga wadannan inji, da kuma game da wani ɗari daga gare su da aka aiko don fitarwa.

Amma a yau ta hakikar da bayar da shawarar da halittar sun fi mayar da daban-daban inji, mafi fili, tare da mika kewayo. A gaskiya, a farkon shekarar 1989, nan da nan bayan yakin neman zabe a Afghanistan, da Soviet jagoranci karshe ya tabbatar a cikin ra'ayi na bukatar samar da wannan jirgin sama. A general, don fara samar da sabunta hanyoyin jirgin sama da aka quite real, tun game da wannan lokaci, da shuka, an kaddamar da samar da sabon, man-ingantaccen injuna PS-90A. Amma yayin da a Tashkent kafa su samar da bai yi nasara ba.

Sauyawa daga m tsarin

Saboda haka abin da ya bambanta da sabon Il-476? Mutane da yawa. Da farko, masana kusan gaba daya maye gurbin da reshe. The latest injuna PS-90A-76 da aka shigar. Su dirka 14.500 kg (cruising), kuma mafi girma yadda ya dace ta hanyar 12-15%. Tare da wannan fanni ya inganta da zarar zuwa dubu biyar kilomita. Kuma abin da ke cikin Il-476 man fetur amfani? Shi ne 0,59 kg / kg · h, wanda shi ne muhimmanci kasa fiye da na baya mota.

Crew na biyar mutane. Dauke da damar da sabon zažužžukan da aka kiyasta a 60 ton, wanda zai iya muhimmanci ajiye man fetur da kuma kudi da albarkatun da wani sashe mafi kaya tare da m flights.

A jirgin daga ta'aziyya!

A kasar, sabon Il-476 da aka farko soja kai jirgin sama, wanda ya samar da wani haukata matakin na sanyin da ƙungiya a jirgin. Saboda haka, a nan akwai cikakken kwatami da bayan gida. Yarda da cewa a kalla jirgin nesa na biyar kilomita dubu, wadannan bayanai da suke bayar da muhimmanci!

Miya Room aka located in na musamman shãfe haske dakin, wanda aka located a cikin gaba sashe na jirgin sama. Hijira saka nazarin halittu sharar tank 28 ne lita. A ka'ida, wannan ya kamata isa ga guda jirgin, ka sadu da bukatun da ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma 'yan paratroopers. Tun a biyu-bene gyara Il-476 (hoto wanda ya wanzu a cikin labarin) na iya kawo har zuwa ɗari da hamsin Airborne iya Fitted da kuma ƙarin biyu tank na 80 lita kowane.

Nan da nan kafin faduwa da yin amfani da bayan gida da wuraren ba zai zama available, tun bisa ga dokoki a wannan lokaci ne tsananin haramta wa unfasten kullawa jumpsuit. Amma tare da dogon zango flights (tare da horar da sojoji , ko kuma dauke da fitar da wani real fama aiki) da muhimmancin wannan bidi'a wuya a overestimate. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da bayan gida zai zama duka jirgin lokaci, fãce a lokacin hau kuma saukowa.

Ko da yake "bayan gida" theme, kuma ya dubi a farko view ba tsanani, Tsohon soji VDV tuna cewa wani lokaci ya jimre ga kwana. A cikin maza kiwon lafiya ne sau da yawa nuna sosai a wuyan, sabili da haka shirin na Rasha jirgin sama masana'antun a cikin wannan filin ne ya cancanci duk yabo.

Lafiyar Qasa - na farko, kuma farkon!

A daidai da bukatun na 'yan shekarun nan, da yawa aikin da aka yi a yankin na amo raguwa da kuma watsi da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin yanayi. A sakamakon haka, il-476 kõma, zuwa ga latest ICAO nagartacce. Wannan nan da nan a yarda wa "bude sararin sama" da sabon jirgin sama ba kawai a kusan duk m flights, amma kuma a cikin Turai shugabanci. Brussels ya dade m na mu jirage domin babban matakin amo gurbatawa, amma yanzu wannan matsala da aka gaba daya shafe ta.

Oddly isa, amma ko da abubuwan da suka faru na 90s a lokacin ne kawai zai iya rage gudu da ci gaban da aikin, amma ba a daina ba. A farkon 2000s, sabuwar gwamnatin ta yanke shawarar da cika fuska bugun sama da aiki a kan sabon jirgin sama. Tuni a farkon shekarar 2007, mun fara da shirya aikin for farkon jerin samar da jirgin sama a Ulyanovsk.

Babban fasaha halaye na na'ura

nan da nan da tsare-tsaren

An shirya cewa a shekarar 2020 da ma'aikatar tsaron za su sami wani kasa da 39 sabon Il-476. Kwanan nan, cikin matukan jirgin ce cewa shi ne ya shirya gudanar da wani daga jiragen da kullum hažaka da na'ura Il-76MD-90A, wanda zai karshe gano da kuma kawar da duk yiwu lahani a cikin tsarin. Alas, da jirgin saman Il-476 har yanzu yana da wasu matsaloli da cewa ya gada daga baya model. Kafin a fara jerin samar da da bukatar gano da kuma kawar da m.

Madubin na injuna

An ruwaito cewa shi ne a halin yanzu samar da ya riga ya shirya a kalla 156 injuna PS-90A-76, wanda aka tsara da za a shigar a kan sabon jirgin sama. The kudin na wannan kwangila (bisa ga bara) ya wuce alaman daya dalar Amurka biliyan. Su din ba a kasance da fara a farkon shekarar bara. A fili, duk abin da ya tafi daidai bisa ga jadawalin.

Ci gaba da kuma taro na injuna da aka gudanar a Perm Engine Shuka, wanda shi ne kusan tun harsashinsa na musanyar taimakekkeniya da jirgin sama masana'antu da kuma sojojin Tsarin. Kawai sa, wannan m Masani ne na musamman yanayin da dole ne tabbatattu gagara duk da kayayyakin.

Zaman lafiya da kuma tarbiyyar!

Don Allah ku yi sani cewa gada daga cikin sabon mota, da jirgin saman Il-76MD-90A farko ya tashi ne kawai biyu da suka wuce. A gida ya sosai gogaggen matukan jirgin, wanda ya umarci Hero of Rasha Nikolai Kuimov. A cikin iska, da jirgin saman daidai 1 hour da 55 minutes. Kwamandan furuci da cewa sabon inji yana da wani manufa musayar kudi da kwanciyar hankali, don ta handling ba babu albarkacin gunaguni.

A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar da jirgin sama da aka farko da aka nuna da shugaban kasar na Rasha, Vladimir Putin. A wannan rana, da kuma aka sanya hannu a kan mafi girma a lokacin da kwangila tsakanin m da kuma ma'aikatar tsaro, a karkashin abin da har zuwa shekarar 2020 sojojin kamata samu daidai da 39 Il-476, wanda halaye ne sosai burge tare da soja. The kwangila darajar amounted zuwa daidai 140 biliyan rubles. A babban kyauta ga m masana'antu, wanda hukumomi, a shekarun baya ba dulmuya manyan umarni!

A farko jirgin gwaje-gwaje

A farko jirgin sama Il-476 da aka cikakken sikelin-gudu gwaje-gwaje a bara. Bisa ga sakamakon da na'ura da aka gane a matsayin cikakken mai yarda da dukan bukatun na abokin ciniki. Bugu da ari gwaji da kuma debugging suna da za'ayi a cikin site, mallakar "Ilá". A lokacin rani na 2013, sabon flagship na cikin gida da kaya jirgin sama a karo na farko ya bayyana a gaban kasashen waje abokan ciniki. Haka ya faru a kan shahara MAKS.

A watan Yuni bara, na farko Il-476, da halaye na wanda aka bai wa a wannan labarin, ya karshe birgima daga rumfar ajiye jiragen sama don taro. reshe akwatin da aka bari da kuma cibiyar sashe don su cikakken hatimi (ta amfani da man fetur). Bayan haka, kusan shirye da jirgin saman fara zuwa cin. Nan kan shi da wasu ƙarin, da darajar da wani tasha, kamar yadda wannan tsari da aka tsanani saba da sabon jirgin kasar Rasha.

Bayani game da launi na fuselage

Gaskiyar ita ce, a karon farko a tarihin Rasha jirgin sama da aka yi amfani da m enamel ET-69 da kuma ET-71-type polyurethane. Fenti na musamman ci gaba da wani bincike institute (Aircraft Materials) musamman ga Il-476. Production samar ba m (al'ada amfani da su rina), da kuma wani matt Paint.

Yana da kyau rarraba tare da fuselage, ya bambanta dagagge Properties a cikin kariya daga cikin gidaje abu da m sunadarai. Bugu da kari, da fenti da aka wuya abraded. Tun da kai ma'aikatan sau da yawa da ya tashi a wuya matuƙa yanayi, to overestimate da muhimmancin irin wannan bidi'a ne ba zai yiwu ba.

A cikin "pedigree"

A farko jirgin sama ya ba kawai Paint, wanda aka amince a ma'aikatar tsaro, amma da ta dace da sunan "Ulyanovsk". City sunan kuma gashi na makamai da aka musamman amfani kai tsaye a kan hanci da mota. All m jirgin sama na wannan jerin da aka shirya sanya sunayen to waɗanda mai girma mutane, wanda shi ne gida da Ulyanovsk yankin.

Mene ne daban-daban daga da wanda ya riga? Ra'ayi gwajin matukin jirgi

New Il-476, da halaye na wanda ake fentin a daki-daki, a wani labarin da aka yi nufi ga karusa daga wani iri-iri na kaya ga farar hula da kuma soja dalilai, da kuma safarar amphibious hari da makamai, ciki har da kai-propelled motocin da haske IFV. Fasali, shi bayar da wata damar daukar a kan jirgin cikin ɗari da hamsin mutane na ma'aikatan.

Modern jirgin da kuma kewayawa kayan aiki ( "gilashin Matuka jirgin") zai iya cika fuska rage ƙungiya workload, ƙwarai shimfida Siffar da kuma tabbatar da high aminci daga jirgin. A wajajen ayuka, akwai wani sirri navigator nuni panel wanda nuna mafi muhimmanci jirgin data a real lokaci.

Oleg Ganovich, wanda shi ne mai sana'a gwajin pilot, don haka ya ce bambance-bambance Ukrainian jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya An-70 da kuma Il-476: "A cikin gudu-up da sabon injuna samar da kyau kwarai hanzari, kuma ya buga wani sabon baya inji inda bayan saukowa gudun za a iya sãka mafi sauri. Son wannan sabon Manuniya cewa nuna da kudi na hau ... matukan jirgin da kuma injiniyoyi da yanzu suna da nasu jirgin Manuniya, wanda taimaka da yawa sauri zuwa yin yanke shawara ko da a wuya yanayi. "

rage wuya

Kawai sa, da sabon sufuri da jirgin sama Il-476, ke taimaka wa jirgin zai karɓa da karanta jirgin da kuma kewayawa bayanai. A sarari matsayi na sabon-tsara jirgin sama zai iya zama da sauri kuma kusan ba tare da kuskure domin sanin a cikin wani yanayin, a kan hanyar da a kan duk iri ƙasa. A baya inji shi duka yi aiki na musamman co-direba, da kaya a kan wanda wani lokacin girma enormously.

Yanzu da cabin Il-476 (photo ne a cikin takarda) na da yawa Manuniya cewa duk da wannan bayani ne samuwa ga wani matukin jirgi, kasancewa bã tãre da bukatar da za a shagaltar da tattaunawar tare da Navigator.

All aiki a kan m jirgin sama da aka za'ayi na musamman a lantarki nau'i, a kan sabuwar kwamfuta kayan aiki da kuma na musamman shirye-shirye. Duk wannan ya yarda ya rage samu damar zane kurakurai da kuma kuskure. A general, da tsohon kayan aiki, wanda har yanzu ana amfani a gida jirgin sama masana'antu, da yawa sabon sassa na wannan jirgin sama zane da kuma yi ne kawai mara kyau.

A halin yanzu jihar na samar da shuka

A halin yanzu, "Aviastar-SP" ci gaban da sha'anin a kan abin da sabon jirgin sama za a kudi ne samar, an skyrocketing. An ruwaito cewa a yau a gaban taron hangars akwai akalla 13 motocin a daban-daban matakai na taro. Gwamnati ta kafa wani manufa domin kawo batun a mafi žarancin 18 jirgin sama a kowace shekara. Bayan akai-akai da aka ambata 39 jirgin sama na soja, soja na son oda ga a kalla 50 motoci.

Bugu da kari, ban sha'awa a cikin sabon dabara a nuna ta da wakilan Ma'aikatar gaggawa yanayi, wanda aka riga shirin saya game da shida jirgin sama. Kamar yadda wakilan da shuka, shi ya shirya ya saya ma wasu sassan na ministan cikin gidan kasar da kuma FSB, kazalika da yawan kasashen waje abokan ciniki.

Bugu da kari, ma'aikata yana da cikakken sa da kuma gyara na An-124-100 "Ruslan", wanda a cikin kasar ne har yanzu da yawa. A kananan yawa samar Tu-204SM. Haka kuma an shirya ya tura sha'anin-saki damar da sabon MS-21. Kawai sa, da shuka yana zuwa kwanan isasshen umarni. Ina murna da cewa mafi yawan su zai karfafa mu kasa ta kare.