Rasha roka "Rokot": description, halaye da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A roka "Rokot", - da Rasha m roka, wanda zai iya tsĩrar da su da kewayewa da haske da kuma matsakaici dangi. A babba mataki "iska-KM ', shi nuna har zuwa 2150 kg na dangi zuwa tsawon kilomita 200.

Tarihi na halitta

Mene ne wani m roka "Rokot"? Yana dogara ne a kan intercontinental ballistic harsashi UR-100N, kuma aka sani da SS-19 stiletto. UR-100N ci gaba ya fara a 1970, da nufin inganta ICBMs UR-100 da kuma haifar da wani babban jirgin sama cewa zai iya ya dauke wa mutum lodi.

Flight gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar a lokacin daga 1973 zuwa 1975, da kuma tsarin zama na sarrafawa a 1974. By 1978, ya aka yi jimlar kaya na 190 makamai masu linzami. A inganta version, kira UR-100UTTH, aka kaddamar a shekarar 1979 da kuma maye gurbin tsohon model, kai a kalla stock na 360 raka'a.

A nukiliya garkuwa

UR-100 makamai masu linzami da za su iya kawo har zuwa shida m da kansa targetable warheads da kewayon 10,000 km. Su za a iya shirya wa gudu domin minti 25 a wani 22-shekara shiryayye rai. Intercontinental ballistic harsashi UR-100 da kuma har yanzu a sabis.

Bayan karshen yakin cacar baki a cikin Khrunichev Khrunichev makamai da aka redesigned da kuma sanye take da zamani avionics da babba mataki "iska-KM ', wanda ya yale shi ya yi amfani da matsayin sarari jefa motocin. {Ungiyoyin NGO, "Engineering" kuma kawo canji, a UR-100 jefa abin hawa, amma ba tare da gagarumin gyare-gyare, da samar da wani m m, amma maras tsada inji for cire kananan payloads cikin low Duniya falaki. A wannan sanyi, shi ne aka sani da "Arrow".

Daga cikin Baikonur cosmodrome a Plesetsk

A farko kaddamar da "Rokot" jefa aka gudanar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, 1990 daga cikin Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. A farko orbital jirgin ya faru a kan Disamba 26, 1994. Kuma a cikin 1995, kamfanin Eurockot, da taimakon wanda da Rasha m roka "Rokot" da aka kafa da aka sa a kasuwa domin sayar da gabatar da.

Kamfanin ya samu 45 kumbon sama jannati. A shekarar 2000, Astrium ya saya a 51% gungumen azaba Eurockot. Sauran 49% mallakar Khrunichev. A watan Mayu, 2000 daga cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" da aka kaddamar ba daga nawa, kamar yadda ya faru ga "Baikonur", da kuma na ƙasar kai ganga.

A roka "Rokot": Features

A kumbon sama jannati ne biyu-mataki "iska KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy kara amfani ne yawanci sanye take da na karshe mataki, wanda yake da iko ya cece wani dangi na har zuwa 2140 kg low duniya madawwama biyu, kuma 1200 kg rãnã-synchronous.

Features na m roka "Rokot" su ne kamar haka:

• tsawo na 29,15 m,
• da manyan diamita 2.5 m,
• fara nauyi na 107 000 kg,
• Fuel - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) da nitrogen tetroxide.

mataki na farko

A mataki na farko na m roka haske aji "rumble" ne 17.2 m tsawo da kuma 2.5 ma diamita. Tank da nitrogen tetroxide aka located sama da jirgin ruwa da unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Biyu na kowa tank rabu da kãriya mai shãmakacẽwa. Dagawa nauyi - 77.200 kg, 5700 kg inertnaya-.

A farko matakai uku ana amfani RD-0233, kuma RD-0234 kadai. Su kayayyaki ne irin wannan, amma da RD-0234 yana da wani zafi Exchanger cewa SUPPLiES matsa gas zuwa man fetur tankuna kiyaye su a cikin bukata matsa lamba a ko'ina cikin rukunin farko na jirgin.

All injuna - inji mai farfela farashinsa tare da rufaffiyar madauki. Kowane samar 470 kN tunkuɗa su da cewa a total na 1.870 kN ko 190.700 kg. Injin Rod mataki na farko - 2070 kN (211.100 kg) engine 520 kN.

Control da aka bayar da wani mutum gimbal dakatar da kowane daga cikin hudu injuna. Hours - 121.

The rabuwa ne da za'ayi a cikin zafi yanayi. Vernier mota na mataki na biyu da aka kunna kafin rabuwa mataki. Hatches aika hudu jet nozzles fita. Bayan fara pyrotechnic vernier shaye inji Firaministan da ya ciyar a mataki na farko. Bugu da kari, shi ne sanye take da hudu m roka Motors an kunna bayan rabuwa cire shi zuwa wani hadari nesa.

A mataki na biyu

A mataki na biyu shi ne 3.9 m tsawo da kuma 2.5 ma diamita. Its nauyi ne 1,500 kg da 10.700 kg na man fetur. Tank da wani oxidant da kuma man fetur tank located sama da kuma rabu da shi da kowa bangare.

A mataki sanye take da turbo injuna na rufaffiyar sake zagayowar: shugaban RD-0235, kuma RD-hudu gidajen vernier 0236 don sarrafa shugabanci na jirgin.

RD-0235 yana da wani maras muhimmanci injin dirka 240 kN (24,470 kg), don samar da wani bugun jini na 320 p.

RD-0236 samar da gogayya 15,76 kN (1,607 kg) da kuma 293 aiki. Kowace daga cikin hudu nozzles na engine ta cikin gimbal za a iya koma tare daya axis, samar da wani iko makami mai linzami fuskantarwa a na biyu lokaci na jirgin. Akwai kuma an yi amfani da wani tsarin zafi gas ga Ya halitta dole matsa lamba a cikin tankuna.

babba mataki

"Rumble" The roka sanye take da babba mataki, wanda ya kunshi uku main sassan - motor, encapsulation na kaya daki da kuma na tsaka-tsaki daki, yana shiga tare da mataki na biyu.

"Iska KM" ne 2.6 m, a tsawon, 2.5 ma diamita da taro na 1320 kg. Heptyl tank located sama da ganga tare da wani oxidant. A karshen yana da wani conical siffar da wani sako don saukar da babban engine. "Iska KM" iya saukar 1665 kg da kuma 3310 kg UDMH oxidant. Don kula da ake bukata matsa lamba a cikin tankuna da pneumatic iko yin amfani da babban matsin helium.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na block kunshi wani akwati da wani oxidant, zubar sama da man fetur tanki. Dukansu tankuna suna sanye take da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da kuma pneumatic tsarin, da kuma ciki baffles su hana ruwa bugawa bango na tsarin. Bã su da wani toroidal siffar da wani sako a kasa domin babban propulsion tsarin, kyale domin rage tsawon na mataki. Kasa ne a daki tare da wani babban propulsion injuna da kuma karfafawa da kuma fuskantarwa, da kuma siffar zobe tankuna da helium da makaman su. Kayan aiki rufe da thermal rufi hana wuce kima sanyaya na man fetur da shafi ta danko, kuma zai iya kai ga misãlin na bututu da kuma tankuna.

kayan aiki bay

A sama na block a wani inverted truncated mazugi located kayan aiki sashe ya kunshi Frames, samar da shigarwa na daban-daban masu kula, telemetry kayayyaki, da batura da sadarwa tsarin. Jituwa da adaftan na'urorin zuwa 2.49 ma diamita.

A kasa ne 60 cm adaftan a haɗa "iska KM" zuwa mataki na biyu, kazalika da bayar da hawa da fairings.

A goyon baya naúrar biyu man fetur tsarin da ake aiwatar da: a low matsa lamba ga babban engine da babban matsin engine karfafawa da kuma fuskantarwa. A cikin duka amfani chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine da nitrogen, wanda aka kunna nan da nan bayan cuɗanya da juna.

Engines kara amfani

hali iko injuna amfani da su "iska KM" ne 17D58E take da samar da wani maras muhimmanci dirka 13.3 N. Kowane block yana da tsawon 14 cm, da kuma weighs 550 g amsawa micromotor aka sarrafa a wani hadawa rabo na 1: 1,85 da kuma maras shigar da matsa lamba 14.7 mashaya, amma shi ne iya yin tsayayya high matsa lambar ganin Range daga 7.8 zuwa 34,3 mashaya. Domin hali iko propulsion tsarin amfani da pulsed yanayin da mafi ƙarancin aiki lokacin 0.03 s, amma 17D58E kuma bokan ta yi aiki ci gaba har zuwa 10,000 seconds. A engine iya jure 450,000 hawan keke.

Da ikon samar da tsarin kara amfani

"Iska CM" sanye take tare da kansa samar da wutar lantarki tsarin kunshi wani baturi da ikon rarraba tsarin cewa samar da har zuwa 7 hours of aiki mataki kewayewa. Kayan aiki daki hada telemetry na'urorin da riwayar da antennas, da kuma tef for data ajiya da kuma watsa. shiriya, kewayawa da iko ne ke da alhakin jirgin a matakai. Ya ƙunshi wani dandamali tare da wani inertial shiriya kunsha na 3-axis gyroscope da jirgin kwakwalwa. A tsarin yana da sau uku redundancy da rinjaye yanke hukunci. Yana da cikakken m, kuma ba za a iya sarrafawa daga waje.

cowling

"Rokot" makami mai linzami da aka sanye take da wani fairing, wanda aka tsara musamman domin da sigar sayar da kumbon sama jannati. An shigar a cikin kayan daki babba mataki. Ya kunshi biyu guda na 7.8 m, a tsawon, wanda tare da wani elliptical nau'i na 2.5 zuwa 2,62 m a diamita. Wajen da dangi ne 5.9 m ba ga tsawo.

A fairing kare kumbon sama jannati daga nata irin, thermal da kuma Ft Irfan tsoma exerted a kan shi a lokacin da jirgin a cikin yanayi. Lokacin da ta fita daga roka fairing aka sallami ta bude inji kulle, da fastening biyu rabin-bawo tare da tsaye line na rabuwa da wani pyrotechnic na'urar sanya shi a cikin hanci na fairing. Sa'an nan a kwance line na rabuwa harba da dama m kusoshi, da barin fairing don tarwatsa laterally ta hanyar sanda spring. Madauki a tushe na juyawa a cikin shugabanci na abin hawa da kuma bayyana rabuwa.

Storage da kuma jefa tsarin

Ba kamar da SS-19, wanda zai fara daga mahakar, ƙaddamar da m roka "Rokot" da aka samar daga kai da kuma jefa ganga a cosmodrome Plesetsk, Rasha. A makamai masu linzami da ake adana na dogon lokaci, shi yana bukatar iko da yanayin damina da kuma rike wani nitrogen yanayi. Sufuri da kuma kafuwa a jefa kushin kuma samar a cikin akwati. Bugu da ƙari, cikin akwati qunshi wajen domin pre-ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye da kuma kare muhalli.

Kafin fara shi ne fadada, kuma a kara amfani saita dangi, da na sama da mataki da fairing. Don haɗa wani akwati domin MOTA KE SHAN MAI musaya, kazalika da ikon da data na USB. A mike matsayi roka "rumble" ya ginu ne a kan zobe a kasa daga cikin akwati. A lokacin takeoff discontinuous igiyoyi An katse inji tsarin. A lokacin} addamar da na'urar a shiryar da ta biyu reluwe. A ganga kare a jefa kushin na engine watsi, da kuma an yi amfani da sau daya.

ban sha'awa facts

Kaddamar da roka "Rokot" za a tsaya a shekara ta 2017 bayan aiwatar da wannan shirin gwamnatin tarayya da kuma kasuwanci gabatar da.

Sunan SS-19 stiletto - NATO ne da sunan ga irin wannan ICBM. SS tsaye ga tsarin "kasa-kasa" da kuma yawan 19 da kuma sunan "stiletto" sanya wa irin wannan intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami. A Rasha, da na aikin sunan SS-19 - RS-18 da kuma UR-100N.

Mafi abu game da sarari roka "Rokot" in ji ta AMINCI, wanda aka tabbatar da 27 nasara gabatar da fita daga 29. Kuma daga cikin 150 na kaddamar SS-19 kawai 3 kasance m a farkon aiki a shekarar 1970. Test gabatar da na SS-19 da kuma "Rokot" ana gudanar a shekara a matsayin wani ɓangare na dubawa da AMINCI na kumbon sama jannati da kuma koyarwar da cosmic sojojin.