Rasha matatun

Mai batun da ya ko da yaushe aka dauke mafi muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin na kowace ƙasa.

Its tarihi matatun Rasha fara tun 1745, tun lokacin da rana a lokacin da farko kamfanin da aka kafa a kan kogin Ukhta yan'uwa Chumelovymi. A zuciya na ta kayayyakin sa talakawa, amma sosai dacewa a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, kananzir, da kuma sauran lubricants.

Yau Rasha mai refining masana'antu ne dauke daya daga cikin mafi nasara. Girma yawan kamfanonin, da kuma kananan da manyan, saboda da taba-kara da riba, daga cikin aiki da "black zinariya". Mafi alhħrin, da masana'antu ci gaba a cikin Tsakiya yankin na kasar, kazalika a Tyumen da Chelyabinsk yankuna.

Rasha matatun mai nuna yafi fetur, kananzir, dizal, roka, jet man fetur, man man, motor mai, bitumen, man fetur coke, da dai sauransu Mafiya yawa su ne kusa da man jihar Kano da sa kamfanonin ba su ciyar ƙarin kudi ga samar da albarkatun kasa. Bayan aiki, da ƙãre samfurin da aka sufuri zuwa karshen mai amfani.

Babban aiki, wanda yana da za'ayi matatun mai a Rasha - shi ne mai zurfi mai refining. Su samar da sake zagayowar mafi yawa ana hada da albarkatun kasa shiri tsari, da farko mai playout m recyclable kasarun adadi ya hada da catalytic fatattaka, Gyara, coking da hydrotreating na hadawa da ƙãre man fetur.

The most matatun mai a Rasha suna located in da Central, Siberian kuma Volga tarayya gundumomi, wanda asusu na fiye da saba'in cikin dari na kasar iya aiki. Wannan Neft-Omsk matata da kuma Angarsky, Antipinsky (Tyumen) Afipsky (Krasnodar) Krasnoleninsky (Khanty- Mansyisk) Ufa (Bashkiriya) da dai sauransu. A kan ƙasa da batutuwa na Rasha jagora a cikin primary aiki na man fetur ne Bashkiria.

Rasha mai matatar ga mafi part bayyana a cikin kasar, bayan da yaki: ga lokaci na 16 da wuraren da aka gina kafin shekarar 1965, wakiltar fiye da rabin na data kasance a yau. Duk da haka, a cikin lokaci na tattalin arziki da sake fasalin a cikin 1990s a cikin wannan masana'antu samu wani gagarumin raguwar samar da kundin. Wannan za a iya sauƙi bayyana: a cikin wadanda sau cin zarafi da kika aika ciki mai amfani, sakamakon low quality daga cikin samfurin, kuma ta haka ne low coefficient aiki zurfin, fadowa zuwa 67,4 cikin dari. Kuma kawai a 1999 da matata ya iya samun kusa da matsayin na Amurka da kuma Turai.

Kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a cikin wannan batu shi ne m karfafa Trend, da wata ãyã daga abin da suke gagarumin jari a nefteperabotku cewa, farkon wuce 40 biliyan rubles a 2006.

Na girma zurfin coefficient aiki, saboda a 2010, Vladimir Putin ya bayar da umurnin haramta haɗi zuwa wadanda sabon hanyõyi, matatun mai a Rasha, a cikin abin da ya ba su kai 70%, la'akari da cewa wadannan kamfanoni ne a tsanani bukatar zamani. Yawan mini-matatun mai a Rasha a yau zo zuwa ɗari biyu da hamsin.

Kuma da karshen shekarar 2012 da aka shirya don gina Rasha ta most mai matatar mai, located a karshen bututun wucewa ta cikin Gabas Siberia zuwa tekun Pacific, a cikin abin da zurfin samfurin aiki zai zama game da 93 bisa dari, wanda yayi dace da matakin kai a wannan kamfanonin {asar Amirka .

Karfafa a cikin mafi yawan refining masana'antu a kasar yana karkashin iko da goma manyan kamfanoni, irin su "Rosneft", "Lukoil", "Bashneft", "Surgutneftegaz", "TNK-BP", "Gazprom", da dai sauransu