Catalytic fatattaka daga man fetur

Catalytic fatattaka daga man fetur (fassara daga Ingilishi - tsagawa) - fasaha tsari tsara ƙara da fetur amfanin ƙasa ta musamman aiki na gyara da nauyi mai kasarun adadi. Lokacin da primary aiki na samfur da aka samu a 5-14% na talakawan total nauyi na fetur. A ingancin na man fetur bayan da mike-gudu barasan ba gamsar da bukatun da fasaha ta zamani.

A catalytic fatattaka fetur amfanin ƙasa ƙaruwa da kuma inganta da inganci.

Akwai iri biyu thermal (catalytic) fatattaka daga: ruwa da kuma iskar gas lokaci. Domin na farko feedstock ne mai nauyi mai, wanda aka ciyar a cikin wani gini a 600-625 ° C karkashin wani matsin lamba kusa da yanayi. A gas-lokaci catalytic fatattaka ne da za'ayi a karkashin wannan yanayi, amma shi ne mai albarkatun kasa domin gas da man fetur (hasken rana mai). A thermal fatattaka daga cikin tsarin da macromolecular carboxylic alkanes karye dangane da kafa kwayoyin na low kwayoyin nauyi hydrocarbons, na kunshe a cikin fetur sulusi da murabba'i:

S10N22 - S5N12 + S5N10.

Saboda haka, daga high-decane suna kafa biyu abubuwa (cikakken kuma unsaturated hydrocarbons) da ƙananan kwayoyin nauyi.

Catalytic fatattaka ne da za'ayi a gaban mai kara kuzari (kunna lãka ko aluminosilicates) a zazzabi na 470-530 C karkashin wani matsin lamba na daga 70 zuwa 370 kPa. Babban albarkatun kasa domin tsari ne mai gas da man fetur, fetur amfanin ƙasa da total nauyi na man fetur zai iya kai 30-40%. Saboda haka, samar da fetur - ne mai wuya da kuma lokaci-cinyewa tsari. Don inganta ingancin samfurin da aka cire daga da tsarin alkenes da alkynes, wanda wani lokacin daukan up to 30% na jimlar nauyi.

Ta hanyar amfani da m fasahar, da fetur amfanin ƙasa a cikin tsari na barasan na man fetur na iya zama har zuwa 80 bisa dari. Don tantance ingancin ruwa da man fetur ne Octane. Kamar yadda wani da man fetur samfurin da high antiknock kaddarorin da aka zaba isooctane ko 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

Its Octane dauke daidai to 100. Kamar yadda wani samfurin tare da mafi ƙasƙanci cajin antiknock Properties na n-heptane: S7N16, Octane lamba (RON), wanda aka dauke daidai 0. Domin sanin wannan index fasa Properties idan aka kwatanta da kaddarorin fetur cakuda isooctane kuma n-heptane.

Alal misali, wani samfurin da wani Octane yawan 80 yana da guda fasa Properties, kamar cakuda 80% isooctane da kuma 20% n-heptane. A mafi girma da Octane, da mafi ingancin da man fetur. Kara wannan nuna alama kubutar da man fetur da kuma kubutar da ikon da ciki konewa engine. Da samfurin ya kara da cewa, da kuma sauran gyara, ciki har da hydrocarbons da kuma roba asalin, kuma antidetonators (abubuwa da a mafi ƙarancin yawa (babu mafi girma daga 0.5%) inganta antiknock Properties na man fetur). Baya amfani ga wadannan dalilai tetraetilplyumbum. Saboda a gaskiya wannan abu ne mai guba, an maye gurbinsu da wasu antiknock, wanda aka sanya na margantsevoorganicheskih sadarwa. Wadannan abubuwa ne kasa mai guba ga jikin mu kuma sa shi yiwuwa a samar da man fetur da Octane ɗari da ashirin da ɗari biyar da talatin raka'a.

fetur samar da fasaha

By kai tsaye barasan samun fetur da Octane har zuwa 91. Wannan hanya ne a yau - a alatu, saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa na fetur ne low. Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na man fetur da kuma inganta da inganci ta yin amfani da sake barasan, catalytic, thermal fatattaka, Gyara, da dai sauransu

Wadannan hanyoyin kara da aiki halin kaka, lokacin da albarkatun, amma kawai suka samar da kasa tareda žata ga yanayi fetur. Don kara da Octane na yau sau da yawa amfani da dama sunadarai (alcohols, organometallic mahadi, ethers, da dai sauransu).