Cross-kiwo na dabbobi da mutane. Shin yana yiwuwa a giciye-kiwo mutane da dabbobi? Gwaje-gwajen a kan mararraba mutane da dabbobi

A farkon karni na 20th, dukan duniya ne a zahiri juya juye. Yana wani lokaci na hauka ideas, gwaje-gwajen da binciken. A lokacin wannan lokaci masana kimiyya zaci cẽwa sũ ne a kan gab da girma binciken. A farko labarai game da abin da zai faru interbreeding na mutane da dabbobi, ya bayyana a cikin 1909. Halittu, Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov ya ce a Duniya Congress da cewa, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da da gwaggwon biri-mutumin. Kuma ya kasance ba kadai masanin kimiyya da hannu a cikin al'amarin.

Wanda kuma a lokacin da aka tsunduma a cikin halittar gwaggwon

A 1910, likitoci hankakai Steinach da kuma sanya farko ƙoƙari dashi da gland biri mutum. Business domin xenotransplantation zira kwallaye masu juyin juya hali cewa Voronov ya bude naka biri gandun daji a kudancin Faransa.

Rozanov Vladimir Nikolaevich, sanannen likita wanda ya sarrafa a lokacin da Stalin da Lenin, kuma gudanar da yawa gwaje-gwajen a cikin wannan yanki. Ya transplanted gland shine yake chimpanzee da mutane, kamar yadda ya zama kamar ma, shi wa'adi, wa'adi mai laifin nasara. Local jaridu kullum buga labaru game da yadda ciwon daji iya warkar da primacy na gigin-tsufa, rage iko da kuma tsufa. Amma idan wadannan yunkurin da aka lashe tare da nasara? A tsawon lokaci, da duniya ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa wadannan gwaje-gwajen sun kawai placebo. Wannan shi ne, wani sakamako cewa aka lura bayan xenotransplantation, shi ne kome fiye da a kai-da shawara.

Traces of fake dabbõbi

A cikin rubuce-rubucen na Bernard Heuvelmans, halitta da kuma dabbobi da aka sani, akwai wata babbar lamba na nassoshi da ake kira "Yeti". Shin akwai snow mutane - har yanzu ba su sani ba, ƙidãya. A manyan yawan malamai ne na ra'ayin cewa Yeti gaske zaune kusa da mutum ƙauyuka, amma shakka suke ƙaryatãwa game da shi, ba kasa. Da zarar biyu kaboyi gudanar ya cire video mace Bigfoot. Shahararren labarin Patterson - Gimlin, wanda aka fili gani da yeti, yada a duniya, amma a nan akwai masana kimiyya suka ɓãta wannan taron. Sun yi imani da cewa tun ba shi yiwuwa a giciye-kiwo mutane da dabbobi, da hotuna da kuma bidiyo ƙaddamar da yawa shaidu, babu fiye da kafuwa.

Akwai daya more shaidar kasancewar na akalla daya snowman. A pre-neman sauyi gandun daji na Abkhazia daya m mace da aka kama Prince. Its girma ya fiye mita 2, a Bugu da kari, an duk an rufe tare da gashi, kuma bai sani ba yadda za a yi magana. Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa mutum ma'abota dabba gwaje-gwajen da za su kai ga haihuwa da irin wannan mutum. Ta aka tilas dauka ga kauyen da kuma na dogon lokaci kiyaye kulle up domin ta kasance sosai m. Akwai shaida da cewa snow mace da jima'i da maza (mutane a cikin shiri) da kuma haife su akalla 4 yara. Khvitia - daya daga mata da 'ya'ya maza, sai ya iyalinsa, kuma yara.

Strong ma'aikata

An sani cewa a farkon karni na 20th rasa manpower. Iosif Stalin, tun koya cewa a Jamus da za'ayi wasu gwaje-gwajen a kan mutane da kuma dabbobi, da kuma yanke shawarar ba da jinkiri ba. A karkashin ya jagoranci, mu sanya yawa gwaje-gwajen a yan adam. Interbreeding tare da dabbobi ya taimake haifar da wani wuce yarda da Hardy, kuma a lokaci guda quite m gwaggwon biri. Bugu da kari, bisa ga lissafin kimiyya, wannan halitta kamata dole isa cikakken balaga a kawai 4 years. Stalin shirya cewa sabon aiki da karfi zai ba kawai samar da kwal, gina hanyar jirgin kasa, amma kuma ya yi yãƙi, idan ya cancanta.

A farko yunkurin

A farko-gwajen Sergeya Voronova Faransa masanin kimiyya mayar da hankali a kan rejuvenation daga cikin mutane. Duk da yake karatu a Misira, ya kusantar da hankali ga fāda. Suka duba yawa girmi wasu maza. A wannan gaba, wani masanin kimiyya da kuma tunani game da rinjayar gonads a kan yanayin jiki. A 1910 Voronov kasance na farko da ya samu nasarar dashi a biri kwai tsofaffi English aristocrat. Local jaridu ruwaito cewa sakamakon xenotransplantation Ba dogon jira, kuma bayan wani lokaci da Banasare duba 'yan shekaru ƙaramin. A wannan yanayin, tambaya taso: me ya sa wannan rejuvenation Hanyar ba a yi amfani da zamani dashi? Babu shakka, wannan a zahiri a placebo sakamako.

Asirin gwaje-gwajen da na Farfesa Ivanov a Guinea

Kusan a lokaci guda, da Kremlin ya kuma fara mamaki ko haƙĩƙa, ta yiwu interbreeding na mutane da dabbobi? All kimiyya aiki a wannan yanki da aka danƙa biyu masana kimiyyar - Ile Ivanovu da Vladimir Rozanov. A wannan lokacin, da suka yi nasarar shiga cikin barbaran alura na dabbobi. Vladimir Rozanov, kamar Faransa abokin aiki hankakai, gudanar da ayyukan to dashi biri jima'i gland. A wahala sa a gaskiyar cewa da bukatar dashi ya haka babbar cewa masana kimiyya ba su da isasshen birai.

A 1926, Dr. Ivanov da ɗansa ya tafi a kan wani balaguro zuwa Guinea. Suna bukatar su kama da mace da namiji chimpanzee ga gwaje-gwajen. Bugu da kari, a gaban su akwai wata matsala - lallashe akalla wasu matan Afrika ya dauki kashi a cikin gwaji. Ivan so kokarin yi ciki ga mace biri maniyyi, da kuma mace biri - adam iri. Duk da haka, da gano wani mazaunin Guinea, to yarda da wadannan gwaje-gwajen, ko da kudi mai yawa, ba shi yiwuwa. Sa'an nan masanin kimiyya tare da Kremlin yanke shawarar su yi shi a cikin asĩri. Karkashin jarrabawa ra'ayoyi Afirka gabatar maniyyi chimpanzee. Abin da kare wannan interbreeding na dabbobi da mutane - shi ne ba a sani ba. Ba da da ewa masanin kimiyya Ivanov bar Afirka da ya tafi gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a cikin Abkhazian garin Sukhumi.

Sukhumi biri da Haikalina

A shekara ta 1927, a Abkhazia, a cikin kananan da kuma kadan-san a lokacin da garin Sukhumi domin gudanar da giciye-kiwo na dabbobi da mutane, biri ajiye da aka kafa.

Guinea Ivanov kawo farko chimpanzee da gwaggon biri, tsakanin wanda aka biyu manyan da lafiya mace. A farfesa kokarin takin su tare da maniyyi mutum. Bayan wani lokaci, da birai mutu mace. A autopsy ya tabbatar da cewa ganewa ya ba ya faru. A lokacin, Ivanov bai fahimci dalilin da ya gwajen ba za a iya samu. Modern masana kimiyya halittar jini bayyana shi quite kawai.

Shin da shi kamar wani mutum da chimpanzee

Sai dai itace cewa duk da cewa mutumin da biri ne irin wannan taro, akwai kuma gagarumin bambance-bambance. Man yana da 23 nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes, domin a total na 46. biri ma yana da 24 nau'i-nau'i, watau 48 chromosomes. Idan irin wannan mutane sarrafa zũriyarmu, zai yi wani m yawan chromosomes - 47. Wannan mutum ba zai iya samar da zuriya, a matsayin sa na chromosomes zai zama 46 + 1 - daya chromosome ne guda.

An misali na irin wannan dabbobi ne infertile alfadari. An sani cewa ta iyaye - jaki (da ciwon 31 nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes) da kuma doki (32 nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes). A kimiyya da samun zuriya daga iyaye suka kasance a jinsuna daban, da ake kira interspecific hybridization. Mutane da dabbobi iya haye kawai idan suna da guda DNA, irin wannan karyotype da sifofin.

Sabõda haka, shi dai itace cewa da mararraba na dabbobi da mutane a karkashin al'ada yanayi ba zai yiwu saboda da gagarumin bambance-bambance cikin karyotypes. An tabbatar da cewa 18 nau'i-nau'i daga mutum chromosomes, kuma birai ne kusan m, amma sauran suna da nauyi da bambance-bambance. Abu mai muhimmanci daban-daban jima'i chromosomes da alhakin nan gaba jima'i da zurriyarsu.

A ba zai yiwu ba ya zama zai yiwu a yau jiya

Gwaje-gwajen a kan mararraba mutane da dabbobi, mai yiwuwa, ba su daina, kuma ba za ta daina har abada. Masana kimiyya sun genetically Kamfanin ya gano cewa har yanzu wani abu Farfesa Ivanov da yake daidai. Interbreeding na mutane da dabbobi iya gaske kawo babban amfani ga 'yan Adam. Duk da haka, shi ne ba game da rikidaddu da snowmen. Ga muna magana ne game da kara Kwayoyin, wanda za a iya samu daga matasan gudan jini.

Modern magani yana bukatar kara Kwayoyin domin su za a iya amfani da su warkar da yawa cututtuka. Kara Kwayoyin iya kai-sabunta da kuma raba, samar da duk Kwayoyin dukkan gabobin da kyallen takarda. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a kayyade aikin injiniya gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa kara Kwayoyin a cikin jiki alhakin matasa da kuma tsawon rai. By da shekaru Kwayoyin a cikin jikin mutum ya zama da yawa kasa nama rasa su ikon kai-sabunta, hukumomi suna da yawa weaker.

Mystery kuma abõkin abubuwan

Duk da tabbacin da, asirai a cikin wannan yanki bai kasance kasa gudanar da bincike. Alal misali, bayan mutuwar Ivanov dukan takardun da kayan, da mararraba da aka rufe da kuma kiyaye tsananin sirri. The tambaya: idan da gwaje-gwajen sun ba bada wani sakamakon tabbatacce, me ya sa da Kremlin m jerin duk kayan? Cross-kiwo na dabbobi da mutane da kullum da aka tana tattare a cikin asiri. Akwai shaida da cewa a lokacin da kwarewa na da yawa mata halarci Abkhazia. Aikin hadu da maniyyi chimpanzee. Amma a sami irin wannan mace da kuma tambaye ta game da gwaje-gwajen da shi ya tabbatar ba zai yiwu ba. Abin da ya faru da duk mutanen da suka halarci a cikin gwaje-gwajen, da kuma inda suka tafi?

A halin yanzu, a} asashe da dama a kan mararraba gwaje-gwajen a dabbobi da mutane aka haramta. Amma ma'anar wannan cewa su ba su da za'ayi? Wa ya sani, watakila a gaba karni kimiyya har yanzu gani a chimera?