Duk ciliates: type, aji, tsarin da siffofin

Daya daga cikin mafi hankula wakilan sanannun ne ciliary ciliate-sifila. Yana zaune yawanci a ruwa a tsaye shugabanci kazalika a ruwa tare tafkunan da irin inda daban-daban sai dai mutunci. Daga cikin mazauninsu ne compulsorily žunshi saki kwayoyin halitta. Dace a yi la'akari a cikin daki-daki, duk fannoni na rayuwa da wannan wakilin fauna.

wakilan ciliated

протистов, включенных в группу Alveolata. Ciliated (ciliates) - irin protists kunshe a Alveolata kungiyar. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa daga cikinsu akwai wakilan da dama siffofin: kulla da kuma mobile, mulkin mallaka da kuma Kadaitaccen. yanayin jikinsu ne sosai bambancin. характеризуется размерами тела, которые варьируются от 10 мкм до 4, 5 мм (это касается одиночных форм). Halin ciliates irin jiki masu girma dabam da cewa Range daga 10 microns zuwa 4, 5 mm (wannan ya shafi guda siffofin). Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, suka zauna yafi a ruwa tare Wuraren da yanayi, amma an kuma samu a cikin tẽku kamar yadda wani ɓangare na benthos da plankton (a kalla - a cikin ƙasa, ko a mosses). Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa wani babban ɓangare na da la'akari da Flora ne symbionts ko parasites na sauran halittu: kifi, annelids, mollusks, da sauransu. ) можно рассматривать в роли моделей организмов в отношении биологии на молекулярном уровне. Bugu da kari, da yawa ciliates (misali na wannan ne da irin ciliate-takalma) za a iya daukarsa a matsayin model na kwayoyin a game da ilmin halitta a matakin kwayoyin.

-din-din al'amari

, навазние которого происходит от слова «настойка» (в переводе с латинского языка). Ya kamata a lura da cewa ciliates - rubuta navaznie abin da ya zo daga kalmar "tincture" (fassara daga Latin). Wannan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa da farko wakilan daga cikin sauki ake samu a cikin ganye tinctures abun da ke ciki. A tsawon lokaci, da ci gaban irin wannan ne hanzari fara samun lokacinta. . Saboda haka, a yau a cikin ilmin halitta da aka sani game da 6-7 dubban jinsin da ya hada da irin ciliates. Dogaro a kan data 1980, ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa gani irin hada da a da tsarin biyu azuzuwan: ciliates (superorder yana da uku) tsotsa da ciliates. A dangane da wannan bayani, za mu iya cewa da bambancin da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne sosai yadu, cewa ne na gaske ban sha'awa.

Ciliates type: Wakilai

Shahararren wakilan irin wannan ne ciliate-balantidiums da ciliate-takalma. Rarrabe fasali na wadannan dabbobi da aka pellicle mai rufi cilia, wanda ake amfani da sufuri, kariya daga ciliates ta musamman kaddamarda gawarwakin trichocysts (ectoplasm shirya a cikin kwasfa), da kuma kasancewarsu a cikin cell na biyu nuclei (vegetative da generative). Bugu da kari, na baka tsagi a jiki ciliates baka siffofin mazurari cewa yana da ikon ya motsa a cikin cell bakin manyan cikin makogwaro. Cewa akwai narkewa kamar vacuoles cewa bauta kai tsaye ga narkewa. Amma undigested aka gyara an cire daga jiki ta hanyar poroshitsu. весьма многогранна, однако основные моменты рассмотрены выше. Halaye kamar ciliates ne sosai hadaddun, amma babban maki tattauna a sama. Kawai, ya kamata a supplemented da biyu contractile vacuoles ciliates suna located a tarnaƙi na jiki. Shi ne ta hanyar da aiki excreted wuce haddi ruwa ko rayuwa kayayyakin.

Ciliate-sifila

Domin qualitatively bincika tsarin da kuma hanya ta rayuwa don haka ban sha'awa kwayoyin, guda-celled tsarin, ya dace a koma ga m misali. Wannan na bukatar ciliate-takalma, waxanda suke da tartsatsi a cikin sabo halitta ruwa a jikinsu. Su sauƙi za a iya diluted a al'ada tasoshin (misali, a cikin akwatin kifaye), da Gulf of makiyaya hay sauki sabo ruwa, saboda a cikin tinctures wannan irin tasowa, yawanci, mai girma iri-iri iri na protozoa, ciki har da ciliate-takalma. Saboda haka, ta hanyar wani microscope, za ka iya, a yi, don nazarin dukkan bayanai bayar a cikin labarin.

Halaye na ciliate-takalma

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, ciliates - irin hada da wani jam'i na abubuwa, mafi ban sha'awa na wanda ciliate-takalma. Wannan guda-celled dabba, wanda tsawon shi ne rabin millimeter, sanye take da dogara sanda-siffar. Ya kamata a lura cewa jiki gani reminiscent na da takalma, daga abin da, bi da bi, da kuma irin wannan m sunan. Ciliates sifila ci gaba da zauna a Jihar motsi, da kuma ta iyon m karshen farko. Abin sha'awa, da motsi gudun sau da yawa ya kai 2.5 mm da na biyu, wanda shi ne mai kyau ga wani wakilin da irin wannan. A surface, ciliate-takalma jiki za a iya lura cilia bauta mota da wasu gabbansa. Kamar dukan ciliates, kyan gani, jiki yana a cikin tsarin biyu kernels: babban alhakin da gina jiki, da numfashi, da kuma motsi metabolism, da kuma kadan ne da hannu a cikin jima'i al'amari.

Kwayoyin ciliate-takalma

Na'ura kwayoyin ciliate-takalma da aka sosai wuya. A matsanancin shafi ne wakilin wani bakin ciki na roba harsashi. Shi ne iya cikin rayuwa don kula da daidai siffar da kwayoyin ta jiki. Gaskiya mataimakansa a cikin wannan zance ne daidai cigaba fibrils samu a cikin cytoplasm na Layer wanda bãyukansu zuwa ambulaf. Jikin surface ciliate-takalma baiwa tare da wata babbar lamba (game da 15000) cilia oscillating tare da la'akari da waje yanayi. A kasa na kowane muhimmi jiki ne located. Cilia yi motsi kamar sau 30 da na biyu, fiye da tura jiki gaba. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa undulations na wadannan kayan ne sosai daidaito da damar ciliates a kan aiwatar da motsi sannu a hankali da kuma kyau zuwa juya game da a tsaye axis na jiki.

Ciliates - irin definition kiwata amfani

Ga cikakken fahimtar duk siffofin na ciliate-takalma dace a yi la'akari da asali matakai na rayuwa. сводится к употреблению бактерий и водорослей. Saboda haka, da irin abincin da an rage wa ciliates ci kwayoyin da algae. A jikin kwayoyin da aka bai wa ciki, kira a matsayin salula wucewa bakin da makogwaro, kasa wadda abinci ke tsaye a cikin vacuole. Akwai shi ne narkewar na kimanin awa daya, yin a aiwatar da mi} a mulki daga acidic zuwa alkaline. Vacuoles motsi a cikin jiki ta hanyar ciliates cytoplasm halin yanzu, da kuma undigested saurã suna located waje da raya na jiki ta hanyar poroshitsu.

Karsh ciliate-takalma ɗauke da cytoplasm na oxygen ta cikin jiki inuwõyi. A secretory matakai faruwa ne a biyu contractile vacuoles. Amma irritability kwayoyin, da ciliates, takalma ayan tara a cikin kwayan gidaje a mayar da martani ga kwayoyin asirce abubuwa. A taso daga wannan kara kuzari da suka so gishiri.

haifuwa

Ciliate-takalma iya ninka daya daga hanyoyi biyu. Akwai tartsatsi sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, ta inda da zuciyar da aka kasu kashi biyu. A sakamakon wannan aiki ne infusoria a kowane na 2 tsakiya (manya da kanana). Jima'i haifuwa ne ya dace a lokacin da akwai wasu ƙarara a rage cin abinci, ko kuwa ka musunyã a zazzabi na dabba jiki. Ya kamata a lura cewa bayan wannan infusoria iya juya a cikin wani mafitsara. Amma da irin jima'i haifuwa karuwa a yawan dabbobi ne cire. Saboda haka, biyu ciliates suna da alaka da juna a kan wani lokaci, sakamakon rushe harsashi da kafa a haɗa gada tsakanin dabbobi. Yana da muhimmanci cewa babban cibiya na kowane daya daga gare su vuya, da kuma karamin izinin rarraba aiwatar sau biyu. Saboda haka, a na biyu core 4, sa'an nan uku daga cikinsu suna hallaka a kowane ciliates, ta huɗu kuma rarraba a sake. A jima'i aiwatar kira Tasrifu. A tsawon iya isa 12 hours.