A kewaye fasali, yanayin na aiki da na'urar DC janareta

da wutar lantarki zamanin fara ba haka ba da dadewa, kuma ga kamar wata ƙarni ta gaba daya ya canza rayuwarmu. Duba kewaye, duk inda da ido da dama, a tabbatar ganin wasu lantarki nema. Mutane ne don haka saba wa daban-daban inji cewa yi domin su kusan dukan aikin da mafarki taso, ko da yake shi ya kasance kullum. Amma duba da shãmaki cewa boyewa daga mu da wutar lantarki, da abokai na rayuwa tsari. Bari mu manufa da kuma janareta na'urar DC.

A kadan tarihi

Da wutar lantarki da aka lura da tsoho Helenawa. An lura dũkiyar amber don jawo hankalin daban-daban barbashi. Mutane tunani wannan magnetism muhimmi a cikin guduro. Amma daga baya ya lura da ikon da sauran kayan saya magnetism. Alal misali, gilashin by shafa ma ya fara jawo hankalin kananan haske abubuwa: takarda gaɓũɓuwa, turɓaya da dankon. Saboda haka shi ya bayyana cewa Magnetic sakamako ne ya sa ta wasu doka.

Daga bisani, a cikin XVIII karni, da samfur na zamani condenser, christened da sunan kirkiro "Leyden jar" da aka halitta. Wannan sauki inji shi ne iya tara da cajin, wanda a lokacin an dauke shi a irin na ruwa, tare da cikakken m jiki da kuma iya gudãna daga jiki daya zuwa wani a wani abin mamaki rate - for 'yan mil a sulusi da murabba'i na seconds.

Lokacin zarra da aka bude da kuma da aka gyara da kuma core electrons, duk ya fadi a cikin wuri. Mutane sun gane cewa shi ne electrons da suke da zargin cewa haifar da irin wannan inexplicable mamaki kamar lantarki jini. Amma yayin da shi ne kawai a tsaye zargin. Daga gwaje-gwajen da na Faraday da Oersted fãra wutar lantarki da muka sani a yau. Suka ƙãga da layout janareta DC, na'urar da manufa na aiki dogara ne a kan sabon abu daga cikin electromotive karfi EMF.

Wutar Lantarki ikon motsi

Kamar yadda waɗansu kõguna na ruwa gudãnar da janye na duniya, a matsayin cajin barbashi a cikin shugaba Yanã shigar da kewaya EMF. Wannan karfi ne a hankali alaka Magnetic mamaki, wato, a can ne kawai da canza juyi generated da maganadisu. EMF ne iya aiki ne kawai a cikin al'amarin, inda shi ne ko da yaushe akwai akwai free zargin. Metals da wannan dukiya, da kuma brine.

EMF ne mafi girma da sauri ya canjãwa tsanani da electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. Kamar yadda aka sani, da magnet yana da biyu sandunan a dukan lokaci. A daidai da shugabanci a cikin abin da ya kwarara dabam tare da girmamawa ga shugaba, yanzu sunã gudãna a cikin wani shugaba a daya ko wani shugabanci. Tabbatacce kuma korau zargin tsakãninsu ƙirƙirar wani makamashi filin da cewa muna kira danniya, shi ne more, da mafi jimlar wutar lantarki na daya polarity.

Mene ne wani lantarki janareta?

Design ko na'ura da za a iya maida wani inji karfi a cikin na'urar samar da makamashi ne ake kira wutar lantarki janareta. Manufa da kuma DC janareta na'urar hade tare da magnetism. Idan ka dauki m maganadisu da kuma haye gonarsa na tashin hankali shugaba, cikin karshen bayyana da karfi da cewa tilasta su motsa a daya shugabanci, da cajin barbashi - akwai wani halin yanzu. A wannan zai faru ne tare da da keken shugaba da kuma wani dabba ba a kanta maganadisu.

Gwaje, da masana kimiyya ya gano cewa, girma da na yanzu da more, da mafi:

• Magnetic juyi tsakanin sandunan na maganadisu.
• mararraba gudun Lines na tashin hankali.
• A tsawon na yanzu-dauke wayoyi.

Idan shugaba ne ya koma layi daya ga cewa akwai wani rafi, sa'an nan shigar da shi ba a lura. Daga wannan samu da dokar na hannun damansa, wanda ya taimaka mana mu fahimci shugabanci a cikinsa halin yanzu gudana. Lokacin da wuri na hannun dama sashi na jiki da hannunsa, sai ta hada wani tsanani Magnetic filin Lines da kuma manyan yatsa ya tanƙwasa da ishãra zuwa inda akwai yunkuri na shugaba, sauran hudu yatsunsu zai nuna na yanzu hanya. A magnet motsi vector filin ne directed daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Makirci na na farko janareta

Manufa da kuma sauki irin DC janareta na'urar biye: frame sanya wata halin yanzu kade abu Fitted uwa da aksali da kuma samar da juyawa tsakanin maganadisu zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. Kowane free ƙarshen frame aka haɗa ta contact, da ciwon wani arcuate farantin irin. Tare da lambobin dokoki da'irar tsage gida biyu da maki (haraji). Wadannan semicircular m lambobi suna da alaka to conductive spring-ɗora Kwatancen goge. Sun riƙi kashe na yanzu.

A sarari frame tare da girmamawa zuwa lambobi daidaitacce haka cewa rarrabawa da kowane rabin ta matsakaicin darajar Magnetic juyi da buroshi rabo a cikin lambobinka suna rufe. Lokacin da abubuwa da tsarin ne lokaci na motsi tare da Lines na - goga lambobi ne bude tare da haraji.

Idan ka haɗa wani oscilloscope, ana gani cewa DC janareta na'ura da kuma manufa na aiki shi ne irin abin da jimloli da alternating rabin-tãguwar ruwa dake a gefe daya daga cikin tsara da kuma canza da darajar daga sifili zuwa ga mafi girman da kuma mayar da sifili. su maimaitawa mita dogara a kan juyawa gudun daga cikin firam. Wannan yana nufin cewa a halin yanzu a cikin irin wannan tsarin ne motsi a daya shugabanci (akai), amma yana da wani pulsating irin.

Ka'idar aiki da na'urar DC janareta

Real m halin yanzu janareta da aka shirya mafi rikitarwa, ko da yake manufa ta aiki ne guda kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama. Maimakon daya frame da kuma biyu daga Semi-madauwari Lambobin ya na da yalwa da ikon yinsa, da kuma tara lambobi. Wannan abu na farko inganta damar irin wannan na'ura, da kuma abu na biyu, smoothes da ripple halin yanzu, tun kowane frame Halicci rabin kalaman wanda, a kan kafa juna don samar da total halin yanzu. Irin wannan juyawa tsarin da aka mai suna anga ko na'ura mai juyi.

maganadisu janareta ne ma modified. Rawar da ya taka da aka yi da wani electromagnet kunsha na nada da kuma core. Amfani da maganadiso, za ka iya ƙirƙirar manyan Magnetic juyi, wanda shi ne bayan da ikon wani al'ada DC. Bayan da yawa na kwarara za a iya sauƙi canza. A ajali bangare mai suna stator janareta.

Dangane da yanayin da aiki na na'ura a lokacin da juyawa daga cikin shaft, tsakanin stator da kuma na'ura mai juyi lura da wadannan matakai:

1. By da janareta ba a haɗa load. A cikin hali na irin wannan aure aiki da armature samar juyawa a cikinta EMF aka jawo, amma ba yanzu a Tuddan, tun da kewaye ba rufe.
2. DC janareta, wanda kewaye na'urar da aka haɗa ta kewaye aiki a load yanayin. A wannan yanayin, da armature halin yanzu gudana da kuma akwai wani sabon bangaren - Magnetic juyi generated da armature (armature dauki). Wannan rafi motsa a cikin wani shugabanci da cewa counteracts babban Lines na karfi da generated da wani electromagnet. A sakamakon haka, da real EMF zai zama m, watau janareta ikon da aka rage. Kuma da girma kaya na janareta, da karin makamashi ne ciyar a shawo kan da dauki na armature lokacin da shaft rotates.

To neutralize da armature Magnetic juyi a cikin na'ura mai juyi kewaye gudanar da ake kira compensatory windings wanda ya zo da wani Magnetic juyi cewa raunana armature dauki.

Nau'in na janareto da nuna wutar lantarki kullum

Manufa da kuma DC da janareto na'urar bambanta a yi tuki kewaye. Su ne:

• Magnetoelectric. The m maganadiso ana amfani da su haifar da Magnetic juyi. Irin wannan inji yawanci low ikon, da high dace tun ba zumudi hasarori a cikin windings. A hasara na na'urorin a kula da wuya.
• Janareto da m drive kewaye. Wannan na'urar for Tuddan electromagnets ana powered by waje wutar lantarki: baturi ko janareta.
• A kai-m DC janareto. Irin wannan na'urorin ya ciyar da electromagnets a kan su guda anga. Babban yanayin ga kai-zumudi ne a saura juyi. A zane manufa na mataki na janareto da kuma makirci na su hada ne compounding, shunt da seriesnoy.

Ka'idar aiki na da janareta da kuma na'urar da lantarki motor

reversibility na lantarki inji manufa ce da wani mota za a iya tuba a cikin wani janareta da kuma mataimakin versa. Bayan duk, biyu daga cikin wadannan na'urorin amfani da EMF shigar da matsayin tushen aikinsu. Kawai mota da na'ura mai juyi ake kawota lantarki, wanda haifar da Magnetic juyi mayar da stator maganadisu sandunan, yin rotational motsi.

Idan mota shaft kafin a juya a wani gudun a cikin windings na armature jawo EMF zai fara gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, kuma da shigar da yanzu. Iyakance kawai da kauri daga cikin wayoyi na armature Tuddan. Lokacin da wani bakin ciki waya, sa'an nan kuma samu da yawa da iko daga irin wannan janareta zai yi aiki ba.

Inda ya sami yin amfani da akai halin yanzu source?

Duk da cewa da akai wutar lantarki za a iya samu ta hanyar gyara AC, yadu amfani kai tsaye halin yanzu janareta. Ka'idar aiki, da kewaye na da irin wannan na'ura ne ba makawa a karfe Mills, a high-ikon aluminum smelter shuke-shuke. A kai masana'antu raka'a aiki a lantarki locomotives, steamer jiragen ruwa. Don samar da m windings na alternators a ikon tsire-tsire ne ma amfani kafofin of DC. Domin gida amfani tsara injin dinamo halin yanzu m. Su za a iya gani a kan kekuna, inda suka ciyar da haskakãwa fitilolin mota.

ƙarshe

m polarity halin yanzu janareto mai kyau da zai iya samar da wutar lantarki a daban-daban rotational gudun. Ba su bukatar yin tsayayya da wani daidai da mita, kamar, misali, AC janareta, inda shi ya zama 50 Hz. Wadannan inji ne sosai dace don amfani a matsayin madadin kafofin wutar lantarki, kamar iska da janareto.