Tsari da kuma aiki na lysosomes

A samarwa takarda mun ba da shawara da ka yi la'akari da aiki na lysosomes, su nada. Daga cikin wasu kaddara za mu ware mafi gwaji da kuma rubuta game da su a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Bari mu fara da cewa duk abin da aka yi na sel. Wadannan tsarin raka'a su ne don haka kananan cewa za mu iya ganin su kadai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da taimako na musamman kayan aiki. Yanzu muna magana ne game da microscope a karon farko tare da na'urar da aka gabatar a makarantar sakandare. Malamai bayar da wasu awon aiki tare da wannan kayan aiki don nazarin na'urar albasa flakes ko ganyen itatuwa.

Lysosome - wani bangare ne na cell. Game da shi a kan mu kuma za mu yi magana. Kafin mu yi la'akari da aiki na lysosomes, mun taƙaice bayyana tsarin da kuma ma'anar wannan organelle.

lysosomes

Mun riga ya nuna a gabatarwa da suke gyara na Kwayoyin, kuma aka fassara daga Latin harshe, sunã da wani fairly bayyana ma'anar - da rushe na jiki. Lysosomes, ya yi ayyuka na wanda za mu tattauna daga baya, kama kananan wasu gabbansa, suna kewaye da wani membrane. A rami da aka cika da lysosomes hydrolytic enzymes, shi ne kullum kiyaye acidic muhalli. Abin da kuma shi ne halayyar mu dauke da wasu gabbansa? Yana yana da wani ajali tsari, su ne ko da yaushe sosai bambance bambancen. Da girmansu ne kadan, kamar yadda a cikin wata guda tantanin halitta zai iya ƙunsar da dama da ɗari lysosomes. Su diamita ne kamar daidai 0.2 microns.

ganawa

Kafin ka yi la'akari da jerin lysosomal aiki, za mu nuna a fakaice da bit tamanin da wasu gabbansa a cikin cell. Wadannan maki karfi da rarraba. Yana da muhimmanci a ambaci cewa wannan organelle ne ba ya nan a shuka Kwayoyin, amma a cikin mutane da kuma fungi ne ba. Suna kafa a Golgi hadaddun. Mun ce cewa a cikin cavities dauke da manya-manyan yawan daban-daban enzymes, godiya ga wannan narkewa auku a cikin sel. Tun da waɗannan da wasu gabbansa ne ba ya nan a tsire-tsire, wasu daga cikinsu suna iya yin aiki da vacuole.

Enzymes kunshe ne a cikin wadannan kumfa iya karya saukar:

• sunadaran.
• fats.
• carbohydrates.
• nucleic acid.

Wani aiki na lysosomes - wannan tsaga a matsayin mutum sassa, ko cikakken fadin cell. Kyakkyawan misali a nan shi ne da canji na a rana tadpole. Rasa da wutsiya ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes daga wannan organelle.

ayyuka

A wannan sashe mun bayar da canja wurin aiki na lysosomes. A wadannan za a iya gano:

• aiwatar da narkewa a cikin Kwayoyin.
• autophagy.
• autolysis.
• rushe.

Don yin shi bayarda, bari mu bayyana ma'anar "autophagy" da "autolysis". A cikin farko idan shi yana nufin halakar maras so Kwayoyin Tsarin, da kuma na biyu - da cell kai-narkewa (mu ambata shi a baya a cikin misali na wani tadpole da rana). A karshe sakin layi muka nufi da rushe waje Tsarin.

cell narkewa

Lokacin da za mu dubi cikin lysosome aiki a wani cell, shi da aka ambata game da ikon da organelle a gudanar da wani tsari na narkewa a cikin cell. Kafin mu samu saukar zuwa bayanin wannan alama, shi ne wajibi ne don bayyana cewa akwai da dama iri lysosomes. wato:

• farko.
• sakandare.

Primary lysosomes kuma ake kira tarawa ko Stock sama a kan hatsi. Mu a wannan al'amari sun fi sha'awar a sakandare da wasu gabbansa. Tun da yake wannan ya hada da:

• narkewa kamar vacuole.
• autofagiruyuschuyu vacuole.
• saura jiki.

Narkewa kamar vacuoles auku digesting abubuwa samu ta hydrolysis. Narkewa faruwa, yawanci zuwa low kwayoyin nauyi abubuwa iya zuwa ratsa cikin membrane lysosomes. Wadannan abubuwa da ake bukata domin muhimmanci a raga - kira na sauran wasu gabbansa ko kwayuka Tsarin.

autophagy

Ayyuka dauke lysosomes a cikin cell dauke da wani abu da ake kira "autophagy". Mun bayar da taƙaitaccen look at abin da ake nufi. Mun riga yi magana game da abin da wannan lokaci na nufin halakar unneeded sassa na cell. Wannan aiki da aka yi da sakandare lysosomes, kira vacuoles autofagiruyuschimi. Bã su da wani tabbataccen kuma m nau'i na wani m, jikin ne quite manyan. Ya ƙunshi:

• da wani ɓaɓɓake daga mitochondria.
• cytoplasmic cibiyar sadarwa.
• ribosomes da sauransu.

Wannan shi ne, ragowar na Kwayoyin žunsa. Su ne amenable don rage daraja sa da enzymes. Wadannan residuals ba bace, da kuma shiga wasu muhimmanci matakai.

Wadannan vacuoles da ake samu a sosai manyan yawa a yawan lokuta, ciki har da:

• azumi.
• maye.
• hypoxia.
• tsufa da sauransu.

autolysis

Saboda haka, abin da ayyuka suna yi da lysosomes, mu gane. Yanzu muna bayar da wani kusa look at daya more daga gare su - wato, autolysis. lysosome membrane za a iya hallaka, yayin da enzymes an saki da kuma daina gudanar da al'ada ayyukan, saboda cytoplasm yana da wani tsaka tsaki PH, kuma enzymes a shi kawai inactivated.

Akwai sau idan akwai wani rushewa daga lysosomes, abu don mutuwa na dukan cell. autolysis biyu kungiyoyin za a iya bambanta:

• pathological (da haske da kuma mafi misali na kowa ne nama halaka bayan mutuwa).
• al'ada.