The fall da kuma gangaren kogin - abin da yake da shi? Ƙayyade da gangaren kõguna: Volga, Amur, Pechora

River - wani ruwa ya kwarara da na halitta asalin, wanda gudana ta hanyar da tashar, shi yi aiki da kyau. Yana yiwuwa a gwada tsawon na watercourse, da yawan ta aikin gandu, kowa catchment yankin, da dai sauransu. Daya daga cikin manyan hydrological sigogi - gangaren kogin. Yadda yin lissafi da shi?

Mene ne wani digo a cikin kogi?

Wani halitta watercourse a duniya gudana daga sama zuwa kasa. Dalilin wannan - sanannun ga dukan mu da dokar duniya gravitation, wanda aka bude Isaakom Nyutonom har yanzu a tsakiyar XVII karni. Duk da waɗansu kõguna yawanci fara daga karkashin kasa marẽmari ko an samu daga manyan tabkuna. Sa'an nan suka kawo su ruwa cireta (sannu a hankali, ko da sauri) - to tekuna da kuma tekuna.

Fall River nuna mana yadda mutane da yawa hasarar a tsawo ko cewa watercourse a lokacin da yake "tafiya" ta duniya surface. A wasu kalmomin, da tsawo bambanci tsakanin aya Madogararsa da wani batu na cikin kogin bakinka. Fall iya zama cikakken ko m (a lokacin da shi wajibi ne yin lissafi da wannan index ga musamman tashar kashi).

Lissafi da kogin drop-nanne. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar ka san tsawo na ta tushen da kuma baki. Alal misali, an bamu wani kogi da a total tsawon 2,000 km, wanda zai fara ta tafiya a kusa da 250 m, kuma gudana a cikin lake a tsawon 50 m. The bambanci tsakanin wadannan biyu alamomi zai zama mita 200. Wannan zai zama fall na kogin A.

Sanin drop za a iya lasafta da gangaren kogin. Yadda za a yi da shi - karanta wadannan sashe.

Yadda yin lissafi da gangare na watercourse?

Gangaren kogin - shi ne rabo na fall na watercourse zuwa ta total tsawon. A nuna alama za a iya bayyana a cikin kashi mille (mafi sau da yawa) da digiri ko a m / km.

Gangara filayen kwari da tudu kõguna bambanta ƙwarai. A cikin tsohon yanayin, wannan adadi da wuya wuce 0.1 m / km. Gangaren dutsen kõguna na iya zama a cikin dubun ko ma daruruwan sau more.

Lissafta wannan adadi ma sauki. Bari mu koma ga kogi A, wanda shi ne daidai da wani digo na mita 200. Don lissafi da gangare darajar ne da za a raba da darajar da kogin tsawon: 200 m / 2,000 km = 0,1 m / km. Daga wannan za mu iya cewa mu kogin ne A - lebur, kuma yana da low gudun ta kwarara.

Fall River, da gangare za a iya wakilta graphically. A saboda wannan dalili, da ake kira tsaye profiles. Axis "x" na jadawalin zai zama da tsawon kogin, da kuma axis "y" - da tsawo na da ƙasa. Wannan profile dubi kamar haka:

The fall da kuma gangaren Volga

Don warware irin wannan matsaloli da aka sanar a makaranta, ga labarin kasa darussa a cikin 8th sa. Dauki misali da Turai ta most waterway - da Volga. Bari mu yi kokarin yin lissafi da fall da kuma gangaren kogin.

Volga gudana a cikin Turai ɓangare na Rasha, a cikin kewayon 15 batutuwa na tarayya. Ta akai-akai ta sauya shugabanci. Wannan shi ne mafi muhimmanci waterway na kasar, da most kogin na duniya wadanda magudanai cewa ba fada a cikin teku, ko teku.

Volga fãra a Valdai Hills, a tsawon 228 mita saman teku matakin. A cikin Astrakhan yankin, shi gudana a cikin Caspian Sea. A daidai wannan lokaci da bakinka ne ayi a tsawon (-28) mita. Saboda haka, duka digo a cikin Volga - 256 mita. Yanzu mun lissafta da gangare daga cikin kogin.

Volga yana da jimillar tsawon na 3530 km. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya tattara ruwayen daga sararin yankin 1.36 miliyan square. M. km. Wannan shi ne sau hudu fi girma fiye da yankin na Jamus! Don lissafi da gangare na Volga kamata yi da wadannan ilmin lissafi aiki: 256 m / 3530 km = 0,07 m / km.

The fall da kuma gangaren Amur River

Daya daga cikin manyan koguna da Far East, wanda gudana tsakanin kasashen biyu. (Rasha da kuma China), - a Cupid. Its tushen da aka dauke su mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Shilka da Argun. A tsawo daga wannan lokaci saman teku matakin - 304 mita. Bugu da ari Amur gudana yafi zuwa gabas da gudana a cikin Okhotsk. A tsawo daga bakinsa ne 0 mita. Saboda haka, sauran drop Amur - 304 mita. Mun lissafta gangaren kogin.

Cupid yana da jimillar tsawon na 2824 km. A yankin na kwari ne 1,85 miliyan murabba'in mita. km. Don lissafi da gangare na Amur zai yi sauki ilmin lissafi aiki: 304 m / 2824 km = 0,11 m / km.

Wannan nuna alama ya gaya mana cewa a shafin tashar tsawon na daya kilometer na Amur River "hasarar" 11 santimita a tsawo. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa overall gangaren a watercourse kadan m. Lalle ne, geomorphological yanayi (ƙasa yanayi), wanda shi ne kogi gado, za su iya bambanta ma. Saboda haka shi ne mafi alhẽri lissafi wannan nuna alama ga mutum short sassan na cikin kogin.

The fall da kuma gangaren Pechora River

Pechora - fairly manyan Rasha kogin sunã gudãna a cikin Komi Jamhuriyar da Nenets cin gashin kanta District. Yana fara a cikin duwatsu na Arewa Urals Mountains, a tsawon 630 mita saman teku matakin. Pechora gudana a cikin Bay na wannan sunan a cikin Barents Sea, kafa a sararin yankin Neja Delta. A tsawo daga cikin bakinka - 0 mita. Mun lissafta fall da kuma gangaren kogin.

Pechora yana da jimillar tsawon na 1809, da makamantansu km. A fall na kogin ne 630 mita. A yankin na Pechora River tasa idan aka kwatanta da Volga da Amur ne kananan - kawai 330 dubu sq. M. km. Don lissafa da gangaren Pechora River kamata yi da wadannan ilmin lissafi aiki: 630 m / 1809, da makamantansu km = 0,35 m / km.

Kamar yadda muka gani, daga cikin uku tattauna a wannan labarin, babbar kõguna nuna bambanci halayyar da Pechora. A general, da definition wannan nuna alama taimaka hydrologists musamman nazarin kwarin kogin, ta ruwa gwamnatin Syria da kuma tashar tafiyar matakai.