Shebur mutum. mutum ilmin jikin mutum ruwa

goyon bayan tsarin da kuma motsi, wanda ya hada da kasũsuwa, ashe, tsokoki da kuma jijiyoyin a jikin mutum ayyuka a matsayin dukan. Kwarangwal kafa musamman irin connective nama Kwayoyin - osteocytes, kunshi dama sassan. Yana hada da kwanyar, kashin baya, kirji, da kuma kugu free ƙwarai samar da fili, ƙashi na daga cikin manya da ƙananan wata gabar jiki zuwa tsatso.

A cikin wannan takarda, mun kula da babban tsarin da mutum scapula, wanda tare da clavicle Forms bel na babba extremities. Har ila yau ayyana da rawar a cikin kwarangwal da kuma samun matsahi na saba da ya fi na kowa Pathology.

Tsarin fasali na lebur ƙasũsuwa

A tallafi naúrar qunshi dama iri kashi: tubular, gauraye da lebur. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a biyu da bayyanar da ciki ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin. Alal misali, m kashi abu zai iya daukar nau'i na biyu na bakin ciki faranti, tsakanin wanda shi ne wani Layer na cake ne spongy nama da kuma Ribar da capillaries dauke da jan bargo.

Yana da wannan tsarin ne sternum, kwanyar hula, hakarkarinsa, hip ƙasũsuwa da mutum ruwa. Shi ne mafi kyau don taimakawa kare muhimmi gabobin: huhu, zuciya da kuma manyan jini daga inji buga da kuma lalacewa. Bugu da kari ga m planar kashi surface jijiyoyin da kuma tendons hašawa da manyan yawan tsokoki da cewa yin tsaye da kuma tsauri yi. A ja bargo cikin kashi jirgin sama, da hidima a matsayin babban hematopoietic sashin jiki, haihuwa corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes da platelets.

mutum ilmin jikin mutum ruwa

Kashi yana cikin siffar wani alwatika, a cikin sha'anin raya surface na sternum. Its babba part yana da yanke baki, da tsakiya da rabo da aka juya zuwa cikin kashin baya, a kaikaice kwana hada da wani articular kogo. Ya qunshi wani tubular shugaban na humerus. Wani kashi na babba reshe abin ɗamara - clavicle, scapula aka haɗa via da acromioclavicular hadin gwiwa. A axis wucewa ta hanyar raya surface na ruwa, kai a kaikaice saman wucewa cikin acromion. An ayi a maha? Ar da abin wuya kashi a wani hadin gwiwa surface. A mafi cikakken fahimtar da sifofin da lebur ƙasũsuwa ba photos mutum scapula gabatar a kasa.

A embryogenesis kashi kafa daga mesodam. A jariri ruwa ossification ba da cikakken, kuma osteocytes an samu kawai a cikin jiki da kuma kashin baya, da kuma sauran yana da wani cartilaginous tsarin (enchondral irin ossification). A shekara ta fari ta yaro ta rayuwa akwai wuraren ossification a coracoid, acromion daga baya - a kaikaice ƙarshen ruwa. Complete ossification kammala shekaru 18 na rayuwar.

Kamar yadda tsokoki a haɗe zuwa scapula

Babban hanya to connect da ƙasũsuwan da tsokoki a cikin musculoskeletal tsarin - tare da taimakon tendons.

Saboda collagen zaruruwa da ke cikin karshen rabo daga biceps, ga hump located sama da babba baki na glenoid rami na ruwa, ta dogon shugaban biceps brachii a haɗe. A kasa baki yana da guda Bumpy surface to wanda aka a haɗe ta wajen wani agara tsoka extensor hannu a kafada hadin gwiwa - da triceps (triceps tsoka).

Saboda haka, mutum scapula ne kai tsaye da hannu a cikin lankwashewa da tsawo daga cikin manya reshe da kuma rike wani murdede corset baya. Kasusuwan na sama reshe abin ɗamara - clavicle da scapula da na kowa tsarin na jijiyoyin, amma ruwa yana uku nasu cuta da alaqa da kafada da acromioclavicular gidajen abinci.

Ma'ana coracoid

Daga cikin sama baki na ruwa kara ɓangare na kashi, wanda shi ne mai saura coracoid vertabrate da kuma kira coracoid. An ayi sama da kafada hadin gwiwa kamar visor. By ta amfani da Scion tendons a haɗe short shugaban biceps da klyuvoplechevaya da qananan pectoralis tsokoki.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na scapula - adam kashi, kai tsaye sau da babba extremities, da coracoid aiwatar da gudummawa a cikin antagonist tsokoki: da biceps da triceps, da kuma dangantakarsa da kafada tsokoki na samar da sata daga cikin manya reshe zuwa ga gefen kuma sama. Kamar yadda za a iya gani, da coracoid tsari ne na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin tsarin da ruwa. Mene ne daga ilimin Halittar Jiki asalin shi ne?

Coracoid da rawa a cikin phylogeny na vertabrate

A baya can, mu mayar da hankali ne a kan gaskiyar cewa a sau da babba reshe ya hada guda biyu clavicle da scapula. Man bambanta daga sauran vertabrate, misali, da tsuntsaye, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, da kifi da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, akan rage hankãka, yanã ƙasũsuwa - coracoid. An hade tare da saki daga cikin manya iyakar jiki hadaddun kuma bambancin ayyuka a cikin nau'i na mota racing, jirgin, kewayawa, ko rarrafe. Saboda haka, da gaban da uku kashi a cikin forelimb bel zama impractical. Crow kashi a mutumin da aka rage, kawai na shi ne kiyaye - da coracoid tsari, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na ruwa.

Pathology na ƙashi na daga cikin manya reshe abin ɗamara

Mafi na kowa anomaly na mutum ruwa tsarin sun sa kamar yadda take hakki na organogenesis a utero, ko a matsayin wahala bayan da dystrophic tsoka lalacewa ko neuroinfections. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, da reshe-vanes ciwo aka bayyana a matsayin lokacin da waje jarrabawa na haƙuri, kuma a kan radiograph.

Cutar da ake tare da debilitating zafi a kafada da kuma a cikin kirji a sakamakon samun saurin bunkasuwar neuropathy. Gafarar auku a yarda da magani - m matakan: dosed jiki kaya, tausa, musamman darussan domin kafada tsokoki da kuma mayar.

Wani Pathology - nakasar high tsaye scapula (Sprengel ta cutar). Wannan anomaly ne a hade tare da take hakkin da tsarin da vertebrae, kwayoyin lahani na hakarkarinsa, misali, su coalescence ko m rashi. Akwai biyu siffofin da cutar: daya- da biyu mai gefe fasali watse ruwan wukake.

Saboda haka, tare da hadin raunuka na hagu ruwa ne mafi girma fiye da dama. A anomaly ne m degeneration na myocytes a cikin manyan tsokoki: trapezius da rhomboid - ƙanana da manyan. Bege mai kyau za a iya sa ran daga tiyata, aka gudanar da yaro har zuwa shekaru 8 da haihuwa, a baya shekaru domin tiyata ba Resort saboda babban hadarin da rikitarwa, iyaka physiotherapy kuma tausa.