Chloroform a gida: hanyoyin da shiri, jiki Properties, ta amfani da a rayuwar yau da kullum da hatsarin

Mene ne chloroform? Wannan sunadarai fili wanda yake shi ne maras tabbas ruwa, colorless, tare da kaifi ethereal wari da kuma wani zaki da dandano. The abu ne ba mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, ba flammable, shi ne miscible tare da mafi kaushi.

Mai guba, lokacin da fallasa su hasken ultraviolet, kuma ta lamba tare da oxygen decomposes sannu a hankali canza kama zuwa wata more kawo hadari abubuwa, ciki har da phosgene da chlorine.

Amfani da masana'antu da kuma kiwon lafiya dalilai.

labarin

Domin da farko lokacin da sinadaran da aka samu a 1831 da Jamusanci sunadarai Sama'ila Guthrie. Ainihin dabara da sunan ga connection kafa Faransa masanin kimiyya Dumas a 1834.

Na dogon lokaci, chloroform aka yi amfani a masana'antu aikace-aikace, yafi a matsayin sauran ƙarfi.

A magani, a karon farko cikin abu da aka yi amfani da 1847 a matsayin Turanci likita maganin sa barci Simpson.

Kafin bude na Rasha ya zo ne kawai shekaru 50 daga baya, kuma wannan likita chloroform a gida kawo Boris Zbarskiy a 1916. Kamar yadda m miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka yi amfani da ko'ina bayan ayyukan Nikolai Pirogov.

jiki Properties

• Fili na Formula - CHCl _3.
• Refraction - 1,44858 a 15 ° C.
• Tafasar batu - + 61,152 ° C.
• Crystallization a 63,55 ° C.
• Yana dissolves cikin ruwa kawai a zazzabi sama 31 ° C a qananan adadin.

A chloroform amfani ga likita dalilai da kuma shigar da ƙuntata sale, ya ƙunshi har zuwa 2% ethyl barasa, da abubuwa a matsayin mahada tsakanin gyara da kuma ba decompose da fili a cikin hasken rana da kuma sakin kawo hadari abubuwa.

samun da hanya

A wani masana'antu sikelin da chlorination na ruwa tsantsa.

Chloroform da aka shirya dumama chlorine da methane (methane ko abubuwa, methyl chloride) a zazzabi na 400 ° C. A sakamakon haka ne a cakuda da dama mahadi wanda rabuwa faruwa da barasan.

A dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu, chloroform cirewa da kuma dauki alli hypochlorite da acetone. A sakamakon haka, akwai nau'i biyu daga taya ma rabu da barasan.

Chloroform aka cire a cikin gida na daban-daban kayan a hanyoyi da dama.

1. Lokacin da za a haɗa da Bleach da ethanol, acetone ko acetaldehyde.

2. By da electrolysis na da barasa, gishiri, da kuma sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

3. Lokacin da tsanani da trichloroacetic acid.

All riƙi shirinsu da ake dauka a lõkacin da aiki tare da abubuwa. fata cover ne da za a rufe da musamman tufafi, na bukatar kasancewar safar hannu, fitattun idanu da kuma m masks su hana inhalation na tururi fili.

Samun chloroform a gida

Samun chloroform iya zama daga m Bleach ko kayayyakin dauke da shi, misali, musamman wajen domin tsaftacewa gidan. Mafi shahara shi ne ruwa "White."

The abu dole ne a gauraye da acetone a gilashin ko filastik ganga a cikin wani rabo na 1 part of acetone zuwa 30 sassa na "fata". Bayan ya magance, da sakamakon ruwa da aka raba via wani faduwa mazurari cikin ruwa da kuma chloroform.

A cikin hali na sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, NaOH) za a iya yi a gida electrolysis. Gilashin ko roba kwantena wajibi ne a zuba barasa (zai fi dacewa ethanol), kara gishiri da kuma Mix har narkar. Gishiri abubuwa a matsayin wani amfilifa gudanar da damar iya yin komai. Add caustic soda, ƙetare biyu wayoyin da alaka da wani ikon Madogararsa. Bayan ruwan da bayani dole ne a tabbatar da yadda azumi ruwa zai auku cuta uwa ruwa (top) da kuma chloroform (kasa).

Dumama trichloroacetic acid zuwa da zazzabi na +75 ° C da kuma evaporated carbon dioxide, kana kuma samun chloroform. A gida, dole ne ka dauki wasu matakai don tabbatar da aminci - ake bukata don ci musamman m mask don kauce wa inhaling abubuwa masu cutarwa, da kuma lõkacin da aiki tare acid, amfani da lokacin farin ciki roba safar hannu.

aikace-aikace

Da farko, chloroform aka yi amfani da matsayin sauran ƙarfi, a cikin mafi yawan - na roba da kuma man fetur.

A 19-20 karnoni. - kamar yadda maganin sa barci a lokacin mahara ayyukan.

A halin yanzu, chloroform aka yi amfani da:

• don ƙarin hadaddun abubuwa (freon, freon).
• kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi.
• domin samar da magungunan kashe qwari.
• a lokacin yi na dyes.

Tsanaki - m kaya!

Chloroform - wani musamman m abu, daidai kamar da aka gyara. Saboda haka, a hankali auna duk da "ribobi" da "fursunoni" kafin ka koyi yadda za a yi a gida chloroform. Bayan duk, akwai mutane da yawa lafiya analogues wannan abu.

Chloroform - cutarwa da kuma kawo hadari mix. Ana rinjayar da dukan jiki da kuma a handling shi wajibi ne su aiwatar da rigakafi.

Chloroform - rabin ester fili da kuma sauri yada ta hanyar iska. Lokacin da fallasa da haske ta ke da sauri tunawa a cikin jini, haifar da wani mummunan dauki daga dukan jiki.

A tsakiya m tsarin ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa ne mur. By inhalation na karamin adadin ji dizziness, a ji na general gajiya, shi yana iya zama ciwon kai, da kuma amai. Lokacin da dogon daukan hotuna da mutum hasarar sani.

Dogon lokaci sakamako ko da a cikin kananan allurai, Yanã hanta da koda cuta.

Idan ka ƙwarai ƙara kashi na chloroform kuma bar wani mutum a karkashin tasirin da take da - yiwu m.

A gudanar da bincilee a berayen bayyana cewa dogon lokacin da amfani a kananan allurai take kaiwa zuwa rashin, da kuma haife dabbobi suna da wani babban kaso na kwayoyin munanan.

Idan ka shirya don samun chloroform a cikin gida, kana bukatar ka zama kamar m. Bugu da kari ga kaddarorin da abu ya kamata a dauka la'akari da cewa akwai yiwuwar na guba phosgene, wanda ya haddasa fi tsanani sakamakon ga jikin mutum.