Cikakkar magnitudes iyakance: description, sikelin da haske

Idan ka tada your shugaban up, za ka iya ganin wata yawa taurari a kan wata hujja cloudless dare. Saboda haka da yawa cewa, ga alama, kada ku ƙidaya a duk. Sai dai itace cewa da sama jikinsu, bayyane zuwa ga ido, duk da haka kidaya. Akwai game da 6 da dubu. Wannan ne total number na biyu da arewaci da kuma kudancin yammancin duniya na wannan duniya tamu. Fi dacewa, mu, su ne, misali, a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, zai yi don ganin game da rabi daga cikin jimlar, wato wani wuri 3 dubu. Stars.

A dubun hunturu taurari

Abin baƙin ciki, duk la'akari da taurari ne kusan yiwu ba, saboda bukatar da yanayi tare da wani daidai m yanayi da kuma cikakken babu wani haske kafofin. Ko da ka sami kanka a cikin wani bude filin daga cikin birane haske zurfin hunturu dare. Me hunturu? Saboda bazara dare da yawa m! Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa rana zo kawai a kan sararin sama. Amma har a cikin wannan harka, idanunmu ba fiye da 2.5-3 dubu. Stars za su zama available. Me ya sa yake haka?

The abu ne cewa, almajiri daga cikin mutum ido, idan shi ne ba a wani Tantancewar na'urar, tattara wani adadin haske daga kafofi da dama. A wannan yanayin, hasken kafofin ne taurari. Yadda muke ganin su, shi ya dogara da diamita na Tantancewar ruwan tabarau naúrar. Babu shakka, da ruwan tabarau na binopkulari ko abin kawo nesa kusa gilashin yana da wani ya fi girma diamita fiye da almajiri ido. Saboda haka, da kuma za su tattara karin haske. A sakamakon haka, tare da taimakon astronomical kida za ka iya ganin mutane da yawa more taurari.

A taurarin sama ta cikin idanu na Hipparchus

Lalle ne ku lura da cewa taurari bambanta a haske, ko, kamar yadda Masana ilmin ce, a fili kwanyarsa. A m da, mutane kuma kula da shi. Hipparchus raba duk bayyane basamaniyai a kan magnitudes da ciwon VI azuzuwan. The haske daga cikinsu suna "sana'anta" I, kuma mafi unimpressive ya bayyana a matsayin taurari category VI. Da saura suka rabu da matsakaiciyar azuzuwan.

Yana baya fito da cewa daban-daban magnitudes ne tsakanin wani algorithmic dangantaka. A murdiya a luminance daidai da adadin sau mu ido ana riskarsa kamar cire guda nesa. Saboda haka, da ya zama sananne cewa haske da haske taurari na Category II annurin game da 2.5 sau.

Kamar yadda masu yawa sau haske fiye da wani star na aji II III, kazalika sarari suKe III, ko, - IV. A sakamakon haka, bambanci tsakanin haske taurari na da VI dabi'u bambanta da 100 sau. Saboda haka, cikin wani sarari suKe gawarwakin VII category ne bayan dokin mutum hangen nesa. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa, girma - wannan ba girman da star da kuma ta bayyana haske.

Mene ne cikakkar girma?

Magnitudes ne ba kawai a bayyane, amma kuma cikakken. Wannan lokaci da aka yi amfani da lokacin da kake son kwatantawa tare da juna biyu taurari da su luminosity. Don yin wannan, kowane star aka dangana ga matukar misali nesa na 10 parsecs. A wasu kalmomin, shi ne tamanin da star abu, wanda zai yi idan located a nesa na 10 pc daga Kiyayewa.

Alal misali, da girma da mu rãnã -26,7. Amma daga nesa na 10 inji mai kwakwalwa mu star zai zama kawai m ido abu na biyar girma. Yana bi da cewa sama ta fi qasa luminosity na wani wani sarari suKe abu, ko, kamar yadda suka faɗa, da samar da makamashi da cewa wani star haskake da naúrar na lokaci, da girma da yiwuwar cewa cikakkar girma daga cikin abu ya dauki wani mummunan darajar. Conversely, ƙananan da luminance, da hakan da kyau darajar da abu.

The haske taurari

Duk da taurari da daban-daban na fili haske. Daya dan kadan haske farko girma, na biyu - yawa weaker. A ra'ayi na wannan fractional dabi'u da aka gabatar. Alal misali, idan a bayyane girma na ta mai sheki ne wani wuri tsakanin Categories I da na II, to, shi yana dauke su a star 1.5 aji. Akwai kuma taurari da magnitudes na 2.3 ... 4.7 ... da sauransu .. Ga misali, Procyon nasa ne da Equatorial ƙungiyar taurari Canis Ƙananan, mafi kyau gani a fadin Rasha a watan Janairu ko watan Fabrairu. Its bayyana kwarjinin - 0.4.

Abin lura shi ne cewa girma na mahara 0. kawai daya star kusan daidai yayi dace da shi - shi ne Vega, da haske star a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Lyra. Its mai sheki ne kamar 0.03 girma. Duk da haka, akwai wani hasken da yake haske fiye da ta, amma su girma ne korau. Alal misali, Shi'ira, wanda za a iya lura a biyu hemispheres. Its luminosity - -1.5 girma.

Korau magnitudes an sanya ba kawai taurari, amma kuma ga sauran wani sarari suKe abubuwa: Sun, da Moon, wasu taurari, comets, da kuma sarari tashoshin. Duk da haka, akwai taurari da cewa zai iya canza ta luster. Daga cikin su, akwai yalwa da taurari pulsating da amplitudes sãɓãwar launukansa luster, amma akwai kuma waɗanda a cikin abin daya iya tsayar da dama pulsations lokaci guda.

aunawa magnitudes

A ilmin taurari, kusan duk matakan da nesa sikelin geometrical magnitudes. Photometric ji Hanyar da ake amfani da nisa, ko idan kana so ka kwatanta luminosity daga cikin abu tare da bayyana haske. Amma, da nisa zuwa kusa da taurari suna tsare da su shekara-shekara parallax - Semi-manyan axis na ellipse. da tauraron dan adam kaddamar a nan gaba za su kara da daidaito na gani image na akalla 'yan sau. Abin baƙin ciki a gare nisa fiye da 50-100 inji mai kwakwalwa amfani da wasu hanyoyin.

Yawon shakatawa da bude sarari

A m da, duk da na sama jikinsu da kuma taurari sun yawa karami. Alal misali, mu Duniya da aka sau da girman da Venus, kuma ko da a baya lokacin - tare da Mars. Biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, duk da nahiyoyi na duniya tamu lanci a m nahiyar ɓawon burodi. Daga baya ya karu da size of Earth, da kuma nahiyar faranti tsãge, da samar da tekuna.

All-Star tare da isowa na "galactic hunturu" girma da yawan zafin jiki, luminosity da kuma girma. Auna da taro na samaniya jiki (misali, Sun) tare da lokaci kuma qara. Duk da haka, akwai wani musamman m.

Da farko, wannan kadan star, kamar wani giant taurari lanci m kankara. Daga baya haske fara kara a size har ta kai ta m taro kuma bai tsaya girma. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da taurari lokaci zuwa lokaci kara a cikin taro na zuwan gaba galactic hunturu, kuma a cikin kashe-kakar rage.

Tare da rãnã tashi da kuma dukan hasken rana tsarin. Abin baƙin ciki, ba duk da taurari za su iya tafiya a kan wannan hanya. Da yawa daga cikinsu bace a cikin zurfin na sauran mafi m taurari. Samaniya gawarwakin circulating a galactic falakinsu da hankali kusa da cibiyar, watse saukar a daya daga cikin mafi kusantar taurari.

Galaxy - shi ne mai supergiant star-planetary tsarin, wanda ya faru daga Dwarf galaxy, wanda fito daga karamar gungu kunno kai daga mahara planetary tsarin. A karshen samo asali daga wannan tsarin kamar namu.

Yawan darajar taurari

yanzu ba a asirce cewa da mafi m da kuma duhu sararin sama mu, da girma da yawan taurari, ko meteors za a iya gani. Iyakance girma - a halayyar cewa mafi ayyana ba kawai saboda nuna gaskiya daga sama, amma kuma gani dubawa. A mutum na iya ganin haske daga cikin mafi inconspicuous star kawai a kan sararin sama, da na gefe hangen nesa. Duk da haka, shi ne daraja ambata cewa wannan shi ne wani mutum da gwajin ga kowane. Lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da na gani kallo na kawo nesa kusa, muhimmin bambanci ne a cikin irin na'urar da diamita na ta ruwan tabarau.

A ƙarfi daga cikin permeation kawo nesa kusa kama radiation daga daukar hoto farantin rage taurari. A zamani nesa iya tsayar abubuwa luminosity 26-29 magnitudes. A iya shiga ikon da na'urar dogara a kan wani yawan ƙarin sharudda. Daga gare su, daga babba muhimmanci shi ne ingancin images.

Gagarumi size ya dogara da jihar na yanayi, da ruwan tabarau mai da hankali tsawon, emulsion, da kuma lokacin da majalisa ta zauna don daukan hotuna. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci nuna alama ne da haske da wani star.