Clavicle: Ina Anatomy, aiki, tsarin

Home gata na mutum - yana tafiya a mike. Sai ya zama, zai yiwu saboda muhimman canje-canje a cikin tsarin na goyon baya da kuma motsi, wanda ya hada da kwarangwal kuma tsokoki. All ta sassan da mafi kyau aikin karbuwa ga tsaye matsayi na jiki. Wannan ya kai ga saki da babba reshe su shiga a cikin yunkuri na jiki da kuma ta hada a daban-daban iri jiki aiki: riƙewa da kuma daidai magudi da abubuwa da kuma kayayyakin aiki, aiwatar da zalla mutum ayyuka. Misali misalai daga gare su, da ikon rubuta, yi wasa kida, Paint, dinka, Knit, da sauransu. D.

A wannan labarin, za mu mayar da hankali a kan siffofin da tsarin da bel na babba wata gabar jiki, wanda ya hada da ruwa da kuma karankarma. Ina, abin da ayyuka shi aikin da rawar a cikin musculoskeletal tsarin mutum?

Location na clavicle a cikin mutum kwarangwal

Kashi, wani ɓangare na bel na babba reshe an haɗa da sternum via sternoclavicular hadin gwiwa. A kaikaice ɓangare na clavicle hade da kafada ruwa - acromion. A wannan lokaci, da kashi yana da wani Bumpy, m surface ga m abin da aka makala kafada tsoka jijiya na'ura ta amfani da tsarin. Don alkhairin da cewa irin wannan karankarma, la'akari da tsarin da daya daga cikin sassan da musculoskeletal tsarin - babba reshe abin ɗamararsa.

Clavicle a matsayin wani ɓangare na babba reshe abin ɗamara

Don hannu ƙasũsuwa da alaka da sauran sassa na jiki, a cikin mutum kwarangwal yana da wani musamman sashen, kunsha da su guda biyu ƙasũsuwa - triangular ruwa da kuma karankarma. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na jikinsa da kafada abin ɗamara, ciki har da clavicle, riga da vertabrate tun da wakilan da superclass Pisces. An quite da ci gaba a dabbobi masu shayarwa da cewa amfani da su forelimbs a kan aiwatar da fahimtar ganima ko motsi brachiation hanya (misali, Gibbons). Ka yi la'akari da kara, inda karankarma kuma shi ne wannan sashi na jiki. Yana yana da tsari na Latin haruffa S, da alaka ta ciki ɓangare na sternum, da kuma a waje - a shebur, ga ƙarfi daga wadannan wurare karfafa gidajen abinci jijiyoyin.

A lokacin da a tsaye yunkuri na kafada kashi rotates a kan ta axis kamar key a cikin keyhole, Saboda haka sunan - da karankarma. Tasha na gaba a kan ta ayyuka a cikin jiki.

Da muhimmancin da ƙashi na daga cikin manya wata gabar jiki a cikin bel goyon bayan tsarin da zirga-zirga

A baya can, mun gano a cikin mutum kwarangwal, inda karankarma. Anatomically, shi aka haɗa ta ruwa da kuma breastbone, samar da goyon baya a kan wanda aka saka a cikin humerus. A tsarin da irin wannan fili-liba da qara mawadãta daga ƙungiyoyi daga hannun. A clavicle hidima a matsayin kokarin nema nufi da inji mataki na babba ƙwarai zuwa ga kirji da kashin baya. Don shi ne a haɗe da wasu muhimmanci tsokoki da cewa wasa biyu a tsaye da kuma tsauri rawa. Tiyata da clavicle, da ayyuka da cewa su ne muhimmi, saboda da farko ciki tsari. Mu dauki wani look at su a mafi daki-daki.

Histogenesis kashi

A tayi ci gaban zamani na da amfrayo Layer kafa sakandare cell iri kamar fibroblasts, chondroblasts da osteoblasts. Na su ci gaba da bunkasa irin wannan nama kafa gabobin na musculoskeletal tsarin, kamar connective, guringuntsi, kuma kashi. Don amsa wannan tambaya: mene ne karankarma cikin sharuddan ciki tsari, tuna cewa akwai kasusuwa da ake kira gauraye a cikin mutum kwarangwal. Suna kafa ta abubuwa da ciwon daban-daban asalin. Alal misali, clavicle aka kafa a kashi daga wani connective nama, osteogenesis daukar kwayar cutar ba tare da samuwar guringuntsi, a sashi saboda chondrocytes, wanda gane aiwatar da ossification.

Wanne tsokoki suna haɗe da bel na babba wata gabar jiki

All jiki ƙungiyoyi suna da za'ayi a cikin ƙoƙarin ƙashi na daga cikin kwarangwal kuma tsokoki, da jijiyoyin a haɗe zuwa gare su. Saboda haka, to saita a tashin babba reshe a kafada hadin gwiwa, deltoid tsoka da aka rage. Bari mu tuna inda karankarma a cikin wani mutumin da kuma sanin da rawar a cikin yunkuri na hannuwanku. Shi ne zuwa saman da kuma gaban gefen kashi, kashi na bel na babba wata gabar jiki, a haɗe deltoid. Don raya gefen clavicle amfani trapezoidal da conical trapezoid jijiyoyin shiga da sternocleidomastoid tsoka.

A farko daga cikin wadannan statically riqe da babba da baya a mike matsayi, na biyu bayar da wani kwanon rufi da kuma karkatar shugaban da za a hannu a cikin numfashi ƙungiyoyi.

Ta yaya ne da samuwar da clavicle a embryogenesis

Don fahimtar abin da karankarma, la'akari da ginshikai na alamomin kashi. Da samuwar kwarangwal a cikin tayi fara da 5-6 makonni na fetal ci gaba, da kuma shi ne aiwatar da ossification. Kuma na farko kashi da aka kafa a osteogenesis - shi ne karankarma. Ta zai zama daya daga cikin na karshe cikakken kafa, wanda ossification yana zuwa shekaru 21 na rayuwar. Its bayyanar fara da daidaituwa sakandare germinal cell Layer a cikin kungiyar hade tare da anatomically capillaries tayi.

A division da bambantawa na farko mesenchymal Kwayoyin ƙare da bayyanar zaruruwa kunshi fibroblasts. Sai suka tara a cikin abun da ke ciki kollagenopodobnoe abu - osseomukoid kuma dauki kamannin zaruruwa. Around su akwai osteoblasts - primary sel kashi nama yana farawa don samar da ma'adanai. Fibrous igiyoyinsu impregnated da salts, rasa elasticity da kuma zama m. Kafa balagagge kashi Kwayoyin da capillaries kewaye kashi faranti, da ciwon nau'i na concentric zobba da cylinders. A m Layer na fibroblasts canza kama zuwa da periosteum rufe da karankarma.

Pathology na ƙashi na daga cikin manya reshe abin ɗamara

Mun ayyana abin da karankarma da kuma yadda aka samar a lokacin da amfrayo ci gaban mutum. A anomalies faruwa saboda da clavicles rushewa osteogenesis a amfrayo da kuma sa mutum kayyade predisposition.

Saboda haka, hypoplasia, wanda yana da bayyanar cututtuka na underdevelopment ko rashi na clavicle a cikin abun da ke ciki na babba reshe abin ɗamara, illa ne saboda wani gene located in autosomes da suke a da rinjaye a jihar. Irin wannan rushewa kamar yadda traumatic clavicular dysostosis bayyananne munanan fuska da kuma girman kwanyar sassan kuma bi da pathological motsi ruwan wukake da kuma clavicles, kuma dislocations a acromioclavicular hadin gwiwa. Popular sau da yawa, babba reshe abin ɗamara Pathology rubuta tare da sauran cuta a cikin kwarangwal tsarin, kamar a Goltz ciwo munanan a dentition ci gaba, da wuce haddi melanin kira da trophic fata raunuka a hade tare da hypoplasia na clavicles.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba cikin tsari, da aiki da zai yiwu Pathology na clavicle, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na da bel na babba wata gabar jiki na mutum kwarangwal.