Convergent Jarida: ra'ayi, iri. New fasahar a aikin jarida

Tsarki ya yiwuwa na mu bayanai kwanaki kafa vector m ci gaba ba wai kawai a cikin girma da kuma ingancin bayanai, amma kuma a cikin hanyar ta gabatar fadi masu sauraro. Kuma babban direban na duk wannan haduwa inji, a cikin abin da da iyakoki da shinge a cikin da yawa da tsare-tsaren da aka kawai gushe, shi ne fitowan da sabon bayanai da kuma fasahar sadarwa.

Da farko su rinjayi ri tasiri a kan canje a aikin jarida, haka kafofin watsa labarai master sabon bayanai dandamali, kuma mafi nagartaccen hanyoyin isar da abun ciki.

The asalin zamani Trend

Sabõda zamani muhimmancin haduwa aikin jarida a shekarar 1970, ya shiga yin amfani da American sociologist Denieel Bell - marubucin ka'idar da samuwar post-masana'antu al'umma. A wancan lokaci, wannan kalma na nufin hadewar na kwakwalwa, phones, talabijin a cikin kowa fasaha na'urorin.

Duk da haka, kawai tare da farkon 90s, a lokacin da Internet ya azumi da kuma tartsatsi tsakanin miliyoyin masu amfani, convergent aikin jarida ya samu wani iko da tãshin hankali daga "lokaci zuwa lokaci topic" to mafi alamar format bayanai watsa shirye-shirye. Kuma a cikin shekaru 20, manufar multimedia fara tsanani tattauna a sana'a da'irori.

Global Hadewa tafiyar matakai

Fusion na daban-daban nau'o'i na aikin jarida (latsa, rediyo, talabijin, online media) ne da za'ayi a kan da dama matukar matakan. Kuma a cikin kowane daga cikinsu har na haduwa da sakamakon bambanta da yawa:

1. A mafi "m" matakin na haduwa da fasaha kayan aiki amfani da 'yan jarida da tattara da kuma aiwatar da bayanai kayan. Similar matakai da aka ba haihuwa zargin sabon na'urori domin lura da wanda na bukatar matakin da ya dace na iyawa.
2. Saboda haka, na gaba matakin da ake zama da haduwa da kwarewa (kwarewa, ilimi, basira). Ma'aikata na daban-daban sassa da kuma Editocin ake hada a cikin guda tawagar domin cin gaban multimedia abu.
3. A nan gaba, mafi hadaddun, m kuma duniya ciki format halitta dukan preconditions ga hulda tsakanin kafofin watsa labarai (print, rediyo, talabijin, da kuma sauransu. D.), Whole nau'o'i, wanda shi ne ganiya na ci gaban convergent aikin jarida a matsayin dukan.

Bisa wani multimedia-tushen gabatar da bayani, a yau ta jan-kamfanonin raba su abun ciki a cikin widest kewayon kafofin watsa labarai dandamali (ko, misali, Internet radio, jarida a online dandali ko Web-TV format).

Broadly magana, da Latin lokaci «convergo» shafi ba kawai da juna rinjayar wani mamaki ga juna, amma kuma Unlimited sharing fasahar, kwarewa nufi. Kuma a cikin hali na sabon abu na convergent aikin jarida, mutunta hadewa bayyana a matsayin wani tsari na canja wurin wannan bayani ta hanyar jerin kafofin watsa labarai (rubutu, audio da video) ta amfani da daban-daban sadarwar tashoshin (print, rediyo, talabijin da kuma rare halin yanzu format - internet).

New fasahar a aikin jarida

The duniya baza na Internet ya kai ga ci al'ada raba nau'o'i na bayanai watsa shirye-shirye a cikin guda naúrar, cewa ko da a cikin 'yan baya da jũna gaba daya unattainable.

A baya can, wani mutum, domin su koyi game da latest news, ya wajaba a yi amfani da rediyo. Don ganin abin da ke faruwa shigarwa mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da taimakon da TV. A mafi yawa da kuma cikakken bayani ana sa ran kawai a shafukan da sabon bugu na jaridar.

A halin yanzu aiwatar da kafofin watsa labarai haduwa ba ka damar hada audio, video da kuma rubutu bayanai cikin daya daga cikin buga littattafai. Hakika, da aiwatar da samar da wani multimedia samfurin na bukatar kwarewa, fasaha da kuma abu halin kaka. Recent fili ya bayyana bukatar a yi dace ikon da kuma ayyuka na kayan aiki, biya domin aikin na photo da bidiyo tace kwararru (ba a ma maganar da Editocin, 'yan jarida, da sauransu. N.).

Saboda haka, fasaha ci gaba, kawo latest ajiya kafofin watsa labarai iya taskace a lokaci daya na gani, rubutu da kuma sauti data, saita mataki ga nasara hadewa na latsa, rediyo da talabijin a cikin wani aure bayanai albarkatu.

A ci daga kafofin watsa labarai da kuma fasahar sadarwa a guda jarida Sphere

Kullum canja kafofin watsa labarai wuri mai faɗi (a sa daga cikin rare fasahar sadarwa / ayyuka a cikin duniya) ko ta wani hanya za ta zo da dabara rabo a cikin sahu na zamani kafofin watsa labarai, a cikin ra'ayi na wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware dukan na convergent aikin jarida nau'o'i:

1. Media - wallafe isa gida shirin, mayar da hankali musamman a kan wani takamaiman yankin. Da ayyukan suna da takaitawa daya daga cikin aka gyara daga cikin kafofin watsa labarai: jarida, radiyo da talabijin, ko Internet hanya. Shi ne irin wannan mafi cikakken hanyar nuna cewa masu karatu a yau ake kira "gargajiya labarai". Game da haduwa a cikin wannan category ne yawanci a aiwatar a cikin 1-2 baya aka bayyana matakan.
2. Hypermedia - da Genre na convergent aikin jarida ba a iyakance ga daya kawai kafofin watsa labarai dandali ya sadar da abun ciki. Alal misali, an online jarida, wanda aka wallafa ma a buga form. Shi ne mafi kowa ake nufi da Kalmar "multimedia" / - mai hade da littattafai na rubutu da dama na gani, audio, graphics, da wasu wajen samar da bayanai. Hadewa cikin hypermedia, bi da bi, faruwa a duk uku matakan.
3. Transmedia - m shubuha Genre, da muhawara game da wanda har yanzu ya ci gaba da wannan rana. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa social networks (misali daya na transmedia), wanda da asalinta ne kawai jera mallaka fasali da kuma kafofin watsa labarai ayyuka. A wannan yanayin, tambayar da sosai ciki m darajar, t. Don. Yana da aka halitta da kuma tsunduma a tace ba 'yan jarida, da kuma masu amfani da suke karkata mafi yawa zuwa more sadarwa (magana) na nufin ƙararrawa. Bugu da kari, irin wannan kafofin watsa labarai dandali da ke ta wurin aiki da kuma m aikace-aikace zuwa yanzu fiye da daya na aikin jarida, kwararru da yawa tura ba za a gane a matsayin tsanani bidi'a. Bayan transmedia samar da masu amfani da su ne kawai a aikin jaridar ayyukansu, amma kuma talla, nisha abun ciki, da kuma more.

Cross-kafofin watsa labarai synonymous

Kalmar "converged aikin jarida" da aka sau da yawa maye gurbinsu da wani sana'a - "giciye-kafofin watsa labarai". Wannan shi ne da gaske saboda da kusanci na waɗannan sharuɗɗa. Amma ga duk kamance, bambanci tsakanin su ne kasa da jimlace ma'anar karshen.

Cross-kafofin watsa labarai dole yakan haifar da yin amfani da littafin da akalla biyu watsa shirye-shirye dandamali (print, talabijin, dijital, da dai sauransu), da kuma rarraba abun ciki zuwa wata yawan fasaha na'urorin (talabijin, Allunan, wayoyin salula na zamani, da dai sauransu .. na'urori). Yana mayar da hankali a kan daban-daban na dandamali a da ayyukan da ke sa giciye-kafofin watsa labarai aikin jarida.

Daraja a gano multimedia abu

Convergent Jarida ko da yaushe shafi yin amfani da wallafe a daban-daban audio, video da kuma daukar hoto kayan, yada su zuwa kamar yadda fadi da kewayon watsa shirye-shirye da na'urorin. Sai ya zama a wannan mai sauki ne msar tambayar manufa da aka gina quite wuya a yi kan aiwatar da bincike, da cirewa bayanai aiki da rajista na 'yan jarida:

• Rahotanni daga filin dole ne dole a da za'ayi amfani da video kyamarori da kuma m shigarwa na mafi muhimmanci lokacin. Alal misali, idan aikin jarida da kuma a wasu lokuta ya shafi harbi video, sa'an nan kawai ga abokin TV tashoshi.
• Bugu da kari ga wannan, da duk yana nufin dole da kuma dace hotuna.
• Cikakken hadewa da duk aiki ma'aikata a cikin halittar media da abun ciki. Teams na 'yan jarida daga sassa daban daban na multimedia kamfanin a daya nau'i ko wata da ake shirya a juna, dauke da fitar ba kawai wani m search na abu, amma kuma lissafin kudi don na gani zane na ciki. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani hadin gwiwa aiki a kan database, Infographics da sauran kafofin watsa labarai abubuwa.
• A karshe, ba sarauta daga hadin gwiwa tsakanin daban-daban kafofin watsa labarai da kafofin watsa labarai a cikin halittar hadin gwiwa ayyukan, neman da kuma tace daga cikin kayan.

Wani lokaci halin converged kafofin watsa labarai sukan danganta mafi kuma online aikin jarida, wanda yake shi ne m m kima na bayanai albarkatu. Tun suna samuwa a kan Internet, kafofin watsa labarai m don ƙirƙirar abu don su ne kawai wani ƙarin kashi a cikin wadata da abun ciki, amma ba ya watsa shirye-shirye misali format.

Figures Epoch

A bi da bi, da littafin, kafuwar wanda dogara kai tsaye a kan Internet, samu wani raba sunan ga ta category - dijital aikin jarida. Wani lokaci wannan lokaci da ake amfani da synonymously da "flash-jarida" (samu daga Adobe Flash software, wanda shi ne sauki da kuma rare kayan aiki domin samar da, bugu da tace multimedia content online).

Bugu da kari ga yin amfani da World Wide Web siffofin ka ƙirƙiri da kuma gabatar da su ciki, da dijital edition kuma bayar da shawarar neman kafofin a cikin yanayi daban-daban na cibiyar sadarwa albarkatu. Wadannan sun hada da blogs, labarai sites, RSS-ciyarwa, social networks.

Digital aikin jarida (zama da shi online jarida, mai labarai site, da sauransu. D.) Kai tsaye alaka da converged a kan filaye da ta multimedia damar da yin amfani da internet dandamali ga abun ciki.

Notes daga sukar

Duk da haka, Fusion na daban-daban nau'o'i a aikin jarida guda hanya ba ba tare da shakka da kuma vocal adawar. Saboda haka, mummunan gefe na converged kafofin watsa labarai sun hada da farko wani al'amari na ingancin abinci abu.

Kada su gushe ba kuma mai tsanani muhawara game da ko kafofin watsa labarai da kamfanonin za su iya aiki a matsayin sana'a da wannan abun ciki, gabatar da shi a kan da dama daban-daban dandamali. Kuma wannan da hankali ne mãsu ƙarfin niyya ba kawai West, amma kuma da m aikin jarida, wanda kuma a yau yana da babban mai yawa da kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan jarida.

Tare da sakamakon cewa samun tsada bugu karatu?

Media ci gaba ne ba kawai zai yiwu haduwa a cikin abun ciki na hotuna, video da kuma audio, amma kuma ya gabatar da ikon ƙara hyperlinks zuwa littafin da sauran albarkatun don gabatar da m siffofin zabe, ratings da comments. Ba za mu iya yarda cewa irin wannan fuskanta ba kawai mafi m da bambance bambancen da abun ciki, amma har muhimmanci musababin ta ji a matsayin dukan. Alal misali, idan a cikin gargajiya nau'o'i na rubutu sau da yawa yi na asali m rawa, kafofin watsa labarai wallafe wannan aiki iya riga a sanya video ko PHOTOS. A kalma a cikin wannan harka rufe da aiki kamar yadda Bayani comments, updates, Adadin labarai.

Amma ga masu sauraro, da m yanayin da mabukaci ya canja da cika fuska kuma yanzu halin da girma aiki na masu karatu suka yi, bi da bi, yana nufin tasiri a kan bayanai filin. A wannan yanayin, masu amfani da suka wadatacce dama ga mutum zabi a da ake so format, batun kwayoyin halitta da kuma ikon yinsa, daga cikin bayanin da ake buƙata.

A kan abin da ya kamata da sabon aikin jarida a yau

Rapid duniya na bayanai kasuwanni da makawa bacewar wani iyakoki tsakanin su tsokane shi bayan da haduwa da sarrafa kwamfuta, watsa shirye-shirye da kuma sadarwa na na'urorin fasahar zamani tare da juna.

Yau kafofin watsa labarai albarkatu yafi daidaitacce daidai a kan allo. Nuna na video, photos, graphics muhimmanci ƙara da readability na bayanai, wakiltar cikakken adadin da shi a cikin wani more dunkule form. Lokaci guda da za'ayi daban-daban haduwa da sauti, image da kuma rubutu. Haka kuma, matakin da ingancin daga cikin tsari da aka iyakance ga m basira da ma'aikata da kuma kayan albarkatun.

Bugu da kari, muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar wani sabon aikin jarida kwaikwaiyo da kuma ra'ayin jama'a, ya karbi m yancin faɗar albarkacin baki saboda zargin m abubuwa a kafofin watsa labarai albarkatu. Daruruwan comments da kuma dubban kuri'u a zaben, ratings da jama'a zabe - duk wannan ya zama wani kayan aiki mai amfani da real tasiri a kan bayanai matsakaici, wanda kuma rinjayar da vector na ci gaba media da abun ciki.

Media yanayi kayyade sani

Hada da bambancin kafofin watsa labarai kayan aikin a daya samfurin ya kafa sabon matsayin da] iya, a cikin aikin da 'yan jarida a yau da suke zamar masa dole ya mallaka da dama basira dacewa ga ingancin littattafai a cikin dace format. Cimma wadannan manufofi na bukatar sabon sassauci da 'yan jarida a kafofin watsa labarai Sphere, kazalika da m aiki tare da daban-daban da kuma yanayin da kayan.

Domin mafi m daga cikin abun ciki a dama format da kuma abun ciki na duniya kafofin watsa labarai ma'aikacin dole ne su iya fasaha gudanar da wani dukan jerin bambancin ayyuka. Daga cikin su:

• da ikon na video rikodi.
• Rubuta m da kuma ilimi da rubutu.
• jiwuwa rikodi.
• gungùn.
• kwarewa da blogerskogo yankin.

Bayyana su profile, sabon dan jarida

Yanzu bukatun nufa da wanzuwar na musamman, multimedia-type of tunanin a cikin kowane ma'aikaci circumscribed Sphere. Kuma ya nuna, musamman a cikin basira:

• da ikon harba video rahotanni da yin photographing.
• aiki tare da daban-daban kwamfuta shirye-shirye (yafi dangantaka da ilimi na aikin shigarwa na shirye-shirye).
• to kewaya a kan Internet, aiki tare da high quality, kuma m kafofin;
• nagarta sosai da sauri nuna labarai abun ciki zuwa cibiyar sadarwa albarkatu.
• tsari da kuma aika volumetric data fakitoci na audio da video.
• blogerskogo kewaya a filin (ciki har da a nan ne ba kawai don neman bayanai, amma kuma kai tsaye gudanar da daban-daban blogs).
• zama don gudanar da tawagar a kowane lokaci na rana ko dare.

A sakamakon haka, shi ne mai kama da tari na gogewar da kuma basira daga cikin jarida ma'anar da mashaya ga ingancin a cikin halitta shi ne ba da mafi sauki a kan tsarin multimedia wallafe.

A ƙarshe, da Babban abu

All zamani masu karatu bayanai wallafe na daban-daban batutuwa da tsare-tsaren ta wata hanya halarci babban canji. Yiwuwa ga ci gaban convergent aikin jarida ba kawai kafa uku da miƙa mulki ga watsa shirye-shirye cibiyar sadarwa dandali da halittar da kansa website. Irin rabin mudu, wanda sukan yi amfani da kananan convergent aikin jarida watsa labaru na yankuna da kuma kamfanoni matakin, a kan m ne komawa da baya a ci gaban da conceptually sabon irin kafofin watsa labarai.

Jigon da miƙa mulki ga sabon format a converged yanayi ne don amfani mai babbar dama hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma kayan aikin da bayanai a guda buga littattafai. Iri-iri na rubutu da abun ciki bambancin, m graphics fasahar, animation, photo, video, sauti, da gabatarwar a hanya na m abubuwa ga masu sauraro - shi ke nan a kan abin da gaske rike hadedde bayanai aikin jarida, ba masu amfani mai dadi, da sauki gane da m abu da matsakaicin tsabta da yardar kaina magana na sirri sharudda.

The kawai real question, da dacewar na wanda za kawai ƙara a lokacin da dukan tsawon lokacin na ci gaba converged kafofin watsa labarai - shi ne iyawa na aikin horo, basira da kuma tunanin cewa ya kamata su iya samar da masu sauraro tare da multimedia content sosai high quality.