Dancer da choreographer Marta Grem: A Biography. Makaranta da kuma Marty Grem dance dabara

A wani kundin sani na zamani rawa dancer Marty Grem sunan za su tsaya a wurin da girmamawa. Yana za a iya kira wani sauyi da kuma hallakar da ginin. Graham Dance School da kuma ta m zama tushen zamani da kuma Choreography sun kawo ci gaban rawa a duniya.

farko na hanya

May 11, 1894, a wani karamin gari American aka haife Marta Grem. Babu yanayi kuma da iyali ba, ba kuma lokacin, kamar, ba fa a nan gaba da wannan babban yarinya, amma rabo hukunta in ba haka ba. Graham ta iyali da aka sauko daga farko natsuwa a Amurka wanda ya zo daga Scotland. nan gaba dancer mahaifinsa shi likita hauka, iyaye professed Presbyterianism da kuma gudanar da sosai ra'ayin mazan jiya ra'ayoyi kan rayuwa. The iyali da aka quite m, kadan Marta aka kewaye da wani Katolika reno da kuma bayinsa a cikin gidan aiki Sin da Japan. Saboda haka, wata yarinya daga yara iya samun Masana daban-daban al'adu.

Amma rawa a cikin iyali da aka daukarsa da rashin cancanta da zunubi. Saboda haka, a watan Maris na farko da fuskantar ma'adanin na Choreography domin kusan shekaru 20. Ta ya iya ziyarci shahara jawabin da Rut St. Denis, wanda ya canja duniya na mata. Yana daukan wani tabbatacce yanke shawarar shiga cikin magana na School, kuma daga baya ya ci gaba da karatu a cikin shahararrun makaranta Denishoun wanda ya umurcemu da kanta a Saint-Denis, tare da yi fice choreographer Ted Shawn. Bayan 'yan shekaru da shi za su shiga cikin kamfanin "Denishoun" da kuma za su DEBUT a ta wasanni a babban mataki.

Dance na Victoria zamanin

A nuna na karni akwai wani kwari ra'ayin jama'a da ra'ayin cewa dance - shi ne ba da wani tsanani zama. Ya na daga cikin nisha nuna: vaudeville, Cabaret. A Amurka, na gargajiya rawa a lokacin bai sami wani gagarumin baza, a can aka kafa a kasa makaranta. Shi ne ma mai yawa stereotypes game da dance. Maza, an umurce m, mai saukin ganewa jog motsi, da mata ma ya embody da m Lines. Gazawar mika rawa al'amuran, fĩfĩta ne na gargajiya, Antic batutuwa. Ta aka zamar masa dole ya yi da lyric matsayin da taushi roba zane.

fahimta na yiwuwa

Marta Grem Choreography zo a cikin marigayi, ko da bukatunsu na lokacin - a cikin shekaru 20, saboda haka da na gargajiya dance ta yana da wuya lokaci, amma da ya yi, kuma ya ba da sha'awar. A kamfanin "Denishoun" da aka tambaye ta lyricism, wanda ya ba hali na ta. Ted Shawn - gane a matsayin uba na American dance - gan Graham musamman makamashi da kuma ikon, ta baiwa da m hali ba Xochitl inda kodayaushe domin ta. Yana iya bayyana wani musamman style of Marta, "da ferocity na baki damisa" kuma da kyau. Ta passionately kaunace art nouveau, wanda ya a tune da ba kawai shekaru, amma kuma ta ra'ayoyi da kuma yanayi. Tun suna yara, Maris iya ji mahaifinsa shawara cewa zirga-zirga iya wuce da ciki, wani tunanin jihar. Wannan ra'ayin ya haifar da halittar da kansa fasaha.

Za ta'adi da zai yiwu

Search roba yiwuwa ya kasance da Trend na lokaci, shi ne ba togiya a cikin wannan hanya da Marta Graham m wanda ya nasara a dance zamani. Yana bukatar kawar mata rashin daidaito a cikin dance, ba mata da hakkin ya bayyana karfi ji da taimakon kaifi, jagged ƙungiyoyi. Graham ya so ya halicci wata dabara da za su taimake rawa zama kusan-m, embodying tausaya da ra'ayin. Ta bukaci cewa horo da kuma babban taro na rawa, yayin iya rage wuya da na gargajiya hadisin robobi domin sauki fahimtar da ra'ayin masu sauraro da masu rawa ya fi da damar don bayyana motsin zuciyarmu. Tunanin da m harkarsa Graham taimaka wajen fahimtar cewa dance dogara ne a kan dalilai uku: lokaci, makamashi da kuma sarari. A samar da makamashi hade da motsin zuciyarmu da cewa sa motsi, shi ne na farko matsayi na fasaha. Darussa a cikin aji Marta fara tare da sarkar of sauki ƙungiyoyi da cewa an lauye a hadaddun qagaggun. Kayan aiki da aka gina a kan dokoki biyu: kontrakshn (matsawa) da kuma saki (tsawo). Ta sanya dancer su mayar da hankali a kan zuciya da kuma yi biyayya da dokokin ilimin Halittar Jiki plasticity. The search for kai-magana a cikin dance yarda Graham ya halicci musamman dabara a wadda muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da numfashi da kuma natsuwa. Ta ya iya fahimta da kuma amfani ga ado yiwuwa na jikin mutum. Ta dabara ne har yanzu tushe ga zamani dance, kuma an hada a duk horo shirye-shirye ga masu sana'a rawa.

Maris san cewa wani mutum tsinkayen duniya ta hanyar images, myths, archetypes, da kuma amfani da shi a cikin su productions. Marta Grem samarwa sa a kan wadanda ba na gargajiya dance al'amuran. Ta yi kokarin ba rawa mafi girma da 'yanci a tunani na magana.

Marty Grem nagartattu

A 1926, Martha bar na "Denishoun" nagartattu, a cikin abin da ta bai ze iya gane su ideas. Bayan duk, da nagartattu da Sarauniya - Saint-Denis, da kuma wuraren zuwa Graham akwai kawai wani zabi. Ta tattara kamfanin a 1927, wanda ya mai ban mamaki na mata, shi hada da mafi duqufar da almajiri. Maris sun kusa dandalin mata ra'ayoyi, shi ne mai yawa da tunani game da rawar da mata a cikin al'umma da kuma kokarin bayar da shi mafi hakkoki da abubuwan da dama. Ta ya ma kishin wannan batu da dama Productions: "The bidi'a", "Border" da kuma sanannen "Cry." A cikin wadannan productions Graham embodies da ra'ayoyin da kuma gudanar da binciken, bewitching da masu sauraro wani sabon roba.

A shekara ta 1938, da {ungiyar Fasaha bayyana farko mutum - Erik Houkins, wanda motsa zamanintar da Marta dance dabara, shi da aka wadãtar da na gargajiya abubuwa. A kadan daga baya, da nagartattu zo Merce Cunningham, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin hallakarwa na gargajiya dance na canons.

Duniya-shahara nagartattu na Marta samu bayan wani yawon shakatawa na kasashen Turai da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Choreographer halitta wani makaranta, wanda, tare da kamfanin sami wani ajali wuri na sarrafawa a New York. Wannan kungiyar ta wanzu a yau. Kuma ba a matsayin abin tunawa ga mai girma Graham, amma a matsayin mai rai, m tawagar. A sharhin da na nagartattu ya kiyaye da yawa productions Marta, ta wasanni rubutã yankakkiyar albarka.

Home staging

A lokacin da ya m rai Marta Grem hada da 180 wasanni. Ta Legacy aka karin bambancin da richness, yana da wuya a bambanta da wani abu kamar guda-abu. Amma mafi m wasanni Graham ne "rubuta duniya", "The kogon da zuciya", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "lucid tunanin, drowsiness," "Ayyukan Light". Ta wasanni featured ba kawai m Choreography, amma kuma tunani-fita kankantarsa. Ta zabi da kayayyaki, da music, shan sarari mafita, ya halarci a cikin halittar shimfidar wuri. Ta wasanni a yau ne wani classic ga kayan aiki da rawa da choreographers.

babban abokan

A cikin tarihi na rawa mai yawa fice mutane, amma rayuwa rayuwa a matsayin dance - kadan. Great dancer na karni na 20th, gudanar kawo dukan so a cikin dance da kuma tarihinta - shi ne Marta Grem. Photo yar rawa karin karfi da kuma magana, ta nutse a karshe daki-daki, a cikin hoton, ta tunani a kan Choreography da kayayyaki. Kuma mai yawa da hankali biya zuwa zabi na wani abokin dance. Ta yi aiki tare da da yawa mai girma Sahaban (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, Mers Kanningem, Robert Wilson). Musamman line a ta biography ake dangantawa da halittar zamani dance, kuma a nan jummai Jose Limon da Marta Grem ta yiwu ba ba zuwa tuna. Wadannan biyu bidi'a, mafi girma juyin juya halin Musulunci, samar da abin da fascinates da masu sauraro ya zuwa yanzu.

Tasiri a kan duniya rawa

Idan akwai wani mutum, halin rinjayi al'adu na karni na 20th, wannan shi ne Marta Grem. Quotes daga ta kalamai a fili faye hali dancer, kuma ta irin hali na rayuwa. Ta ce: "Movement ba ya ta'allaka ne, jiki aika da yawan zafin jiki da rai." Maris sanya ji na babban ra'ayin na dance, sai ta zama ta babban abin yabo. Ta kuma ya iya samar da wani gani harshe don bayyana motsin zuciyarmu, wanda ya zama na musamman da dabara na Marty Grem. An dauke su kafa na zamani dance a Amurka, da kuma da muhimmancin ga halittar kasa choreographic makaranta ba za a iya overestimated.

Yana ba kawai ya halitta na musamman da nagartattu, amma kuma halshen wasanni for yawa sinimomi, inda masu sauraro ya iya ganin irin wannan babban rawa kamar Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Natalia Makarova.

Personal rai

Marta Grem, wanda biography ne gaba ɗaya aka ba wa rawa, ba za a iya gane sarai a matsayin mace. Mijinta ya da abokin tarayya a cikin dance, kyau mutum - Erik Houkins. Suka zauna tare domin 6 shekaru, da kuma rata wani babban bugu ga Marta, amma ta iya yin na shi da wani tunanin da kwarewa, wanda ya zama tushen wahayi a cikin dance. Ta bar mataki a cikin 76 da shekaru, ya samu game da shi sosai tawayar, amma ya iya cin nasara da rashin lafiya da kuma komawa zuwa aiki na choreographer, rubuta wani 10 ballets. Ya shige daga cikin Maris 96 a shekara.