Fan ikon outage. Jadawalin mirgina blackouts

Don kwanan wata, al'amurran da suka shafi game da samar da makamashi, kayyade dama majalisu ayyukan a matakin tarayya. A musamman, da dokokin da aka shimfiɗa domin na isar da hane-hane. Mun gaba la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

normative tushe

Da farko, a cikin wannan yankin, da arziki na Babi na VI na Civil Code. A da wutar lantarki ne a matsayin daya daga cikin iri na tallace-tallace ma'amaloli. Wadannan da dokar a cikin ni'imar da dokar tarayya "A Electric Power Industry". Wannan normative yi a wani na musamman domin tattauna ikon outage al'amurran da suka shafi. A musamman, shi ne tsarin fitar a Art. 38. A daidai da kayan abinci na RF gwamnatin ta amince da oda, bisa ga abin sanya wani m ko full ƙuntatawa na wutar lantarki amfani a kiri da kuma kasuwannin. A labarin kuma daidai da matakin na samar da wutar lantarki a User ta take hakkin da wajibai, kazalika da bukatar daukan matakan gaggawa don kawar da ko hana hatsarori. Market dokoki - daya more tsari, wanda yana da za'ayi tsari na al'amurran da suka shafi makamashi da wadata. Amince da gwamnatin hukuncin №530.

A bukatu na dokar

Kafa FZ hanya amfani da hali na tsoho daga biyan bashin wajibai na makamashi wadata da kuma bayar da:

• Ake bukata na farko (ba kasa da kwanaki 10) rigakafin gabatarwar bayar m ko cikakken ƙuntatawa yanayin ikon kayayyaki. A sanarwar za dauke da bayanai kan jihar mabukaci bashi, da sa ran tsawon cire hašin wadata.
• A ban a kan take hakkin da hakkokin sauran masu amfani dangane da hani hõre yanayin na ceto da kuma ta matakin.
• M gabatarwar na farko m shutdowns amfani yanayin kafin cikakken lõkacin fatara daga kayayyaki.
• Alhakin take hakkin da hani entailed lalacewar masu amfani ko kaya na wutar lantarki.
• Samar don biyan bashin da wajibai zuwa sayarwa ta kafa dokokin da nau'i-nau'i daga masu amfani da a kudi na kasafin kudi a matakan da ya dace.
• Matakan a kan zamantakewa kariya na yawan na Rasha Federation, ciki har da ta samar da su tare da biyan diyya ga kudin wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a daidai da dokokin.
• Hanawar laifi a kan amfani yanayin kafin ƙarewar na zamani na tsaro bayar daga kasafin kudin na daidai matakin.

Rolling blackouts

Da suka faru saboda da rashin iyawa na kaya samar da kayayyakin da mabukaci a cike. A wannan yanayin akwai wani hilafa tsakanin bukatun masu amfani kaya damar. Rolling blackouts faru a sakamakon gaggawa yanayi, kazalika da sakamakon babban mabukaci bashi.

duniya yi

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mirgina blackouts na wutar lantarki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ya faruwa a kasashen da suka ci gaba. Idan suka kada faruwa, abin da suke gida a hali da kuma ne sakamakon hatsarori. Domin kasashe masu tasowa, a daya hannun, mirgina blackouts suna dauke da na kowa yi. Yawanci, wannan ne ya sa ta mismatch generated kuma Muka tsĩrar da samfurin zuwa data kasance bukatar.

doka al'amari

Kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar sulhu yi, mirgina ikon cuts - shi ne quite wani gaggawa matsala saboda mutane da yawa harkokin kasuwanci. A halin da ake ciki an aggravated da cewa m dokokin baya yarda da irin wannan ayyuka na kaya, tun da suka kai ga asarar-yin ayyukan da kungiyoyi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, HA shirya wutar lantarki al'amurran da suka shafi. Samar da kungiyar alhakin gazawar kafa a Art. 547. A Criminal Code ta tanadi] aurin ga doka dakatar da samar da lantarki, wanda ya kai ga wani gagarumin cuta da kuma barazana ga lafiyar jama'a, kazalika da sauran mummunan sakamakon, ciki har da mutuwar 'yan ƙasa. Laifi alhaki azurta a Art. 251. Tarayya Dokar №35 daki-daki, ma'anar da nauyi da kuma yancin duka biyu masu amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma ciyarwa. A daidai wannan lokaci da dokar kafa dokoki na garanti zuwa masu amfani. A bisa ayyukan hana Fan ikon outage ga masu amfani da suka ba su da basusuka da samar da kamfanin.

A yiwu warware matsalar

A daidai da dokar, a cikin hali na wani bashi a cikin mabukaci samar da kamfanin yana da samun a wajen influencing da amfani. A musamman, da supplier iya kafa musamman gwamnatin m ko full ƙuntatawa na isar da kayayyakin dauki wasu matakan hana Fan ikon outage. A hanya don dakatar da samar da saita zuwa gwamnatin Resolution №530. Kamar yadda wani banda ga general mulkin protrudes fibred outage saboda gaggawa. A RF wadata kamfanoni suna kokarin kauce wa irin abubuwan. Kawai a cikin '90s da farkon 2000s. lokaci-lokaci gudanar fibred outage saboda manyan bashi da amfani. All sauran hani hõre kawai a sakamakon gaggawa.

Man-sanya bala'i

Mayu 25, 2000 a birnin Moscow da makiyayarta, kazalika da wasu m yankunan faru blackouts haske. A sakamakon haka, dogo zirga-zirga ya tsaya, makale a lif kasance fiye da 1500 mutane, dubban mutane ba su iya fita daga cikin jirgin karkashin kasa. Duk wannan ya faru a sakamakon hadarin ya a substation, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Moscow makamashi zobe. Da hadarin ya auku a kan wani adadin dalilai. Wadannan sun hada da depreciation na kayan aiki, zafi weather, kasa kayayyakin iya aiki. Akwai kuma shortcomings da raunin wadata tsarin, atomatik obsolescence kariya. A shekara ta 2009, 17 ga watan Agusta, ya kasance mai mirgina Ɓoyo haske a Siberia. Da shi shi ne sakamakon dokar ta baci a Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. A sakamakon hadarin ya akwai sadaka, wutar lantarki da aka iyakance a Tomsk, kuma da dama sauran maki, disrupted samar da sake zagayowar na Enterprises. A lokaci guda ba za mu iya ce cewa irin wannan yanayi faru a wasu kasashen. Alal misali, a Faransa a shekarar 2009 shi ya tsaya cikin wadata da Provence. Na a manyan hatsari a high-ƙarfin lantarki babban layin shafa game da 2 mutane miliyan.

Jadawalin mirgina blackouts

An gudanar a unwillingness ko rashin iyawa na gwamnati a sami hanyar fita daga cikin rikicin. Jadawalin mirgina blackouts haka ne aka gabatar a Ukraine. Supply dan lokaci tsaya daga 9 zuwa 11 na safe, daga 20 zuwa 22 hours. A yankuna da dama, duk da haka, masu kaya ba bi wannan jadawali. Bayan kashe tsawon lokaci da aka yafi kafa 2 hours. Iyakance amfani amince da} ananan hukumomi, a duk yankuna. Bayan wani gargadi, da aika sabis bayan 10-15 minti aka rufe. A kaka 2014 farko iyaka wadata fara a Ukraine. Saboda haka, shi da aka samar Fan ikon outage a Kharkov, Kremenchug, Kiev. Wannan tsarin mulki da aka bukata don rufe da kafa samfurin rashi. Tun Disamba 2014 hani shafi dukan ƙasar Ukraine. A musamman, shi da aka gudanar Fan ikon outage a Dnepropetrovsk, Poltava, Cherkasy, Sumy, Chernihiv da kuma wasu yankunan. A warehouses na thermal ikon tsire-tsire ne low ci reserves, albarkatun ruwa ne ma bai isa ba. Bugu da ƙari, tare da farko na sanyi weather ya karu bukatar da kuma wadata kamfanonin iya ba jimre da ya karu bukatar. A watan Disamba, a dangane da halin da ake ciki siga a Ukraine da ke sa lokaci-lokaci Fan ikon outage a cikin Crimea. Kafin ya shiga cikin Rasha sashin kawota cikin Ukrainian kamfanin. Duk da haka, saboda zafin rikici kayayyaki da aka iyakance.