Fontanka kogin: tarihin, photos

Fontanka River - kananan ruwa-ruwa rafi wakiltar daya daga cikin tashoshin Neva Delta St. Petersburg. Branches kashe daga gefen hagu na Neva River kusa da Summer Aljanna, kuma gudana a cikin Neva River kudu da tsohon Galerny Gutuevsky da arewa na tsibirin, a farkon sosai na Gulf of Finland. Arc intersects tsakiyar ɓangare na birnin a cikin kudu maso yammacin shugabanci da kuma shi ne kudancin iyaka da yankin Neja Delta. tafki ne tsayin 6.7 km, da nisa daga jeri 35 zuwa 70 m, zurfin -. 2.6 zuwa 3.5 m Ga irin wannan Manuniya yana Fontanka kogin. Me ya sa yake kira da kuma abin da yake da tarihi, za mu iya koya daga wannan labarin.

Ruwa na kogin tsarin, daya daga cikin biyar da cewa yin up yankin Neja Delta na Neva River, yana da 12 magudanai. Ruwa ya kwarara a tushen ne matsakaita na 34 cubic mita. m / s, nisa da tushe, bayan sashe shanku - 24 cu. m / s, da kuma a cikin kudancin fili da tashar da Kryukov mahaɗar tsakãninsu Griboedova - 22 cu. m / s. A kwarara kudi a kan sanda daga tushen zuwa Anichkova gada - wani talakawan na 0.3-0.4 m / s da kuma kasa - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

The sunan Fontanka River

The asali sunan kogin - Eric. Lokacin da gina marẽmari domin su kwazo wadata hanya wucewa ta cikin rafi da aka gina. Da farko hydronym canza kama zuwa wani marmaro, kuma daga baya - a cikin Fontanka.

A tarihin Fontanka

Har 1714 marshy kogin, kafa a halin yanzu kananan tsibiran, da aka sani da Nameless ko kawai Erik Erik. Har da kafa St. Petersburg a kan banki ya a Rasha kauyen Usaditsa, da kuma kusa da bakinka - Izhora yarjejeniya tare da Finnish sunan Kalyula, daga baya sake masa suna cikin Kalinkina kauyen. A lokacin da gina birnin a 1711 tare da Fontanka kogin Moika da alaka da wannan ne mafi yawa rigar bututu, amfani don wanka tufafi.

Yi, maimaitawa da kuma lalata a kan Fontanka

A lokacin shiri na farko katako gada matsakaicin nisa na ruwa ya kwarara kamar kogi Fontanka, kai mita 200, amma Peter da na yi aiki a cikin birnin tsaya bayan mutuwar wani watercourse sake-shigar da ƙasa farko da blurry quays, sa shi sosai wuya kewayawa. A cikin shekaru 1743-1752 aka za'ayi tsabtace da kuma karfafa da embankment. Its halin yanzu sunan da kogin ya a zamanin mulkin Empress Anna Ivanovna, godiya ga marẽmari kafa a kan ta dama banki a Summer Aljanna. Suna ciyar da ruwa daga Lithuanian tashar a cikin kandami pool (yanzu - Square) haƙa a kusurwar Avenue na Greek da kuma na zamani titi Nekrasov, sa'an nan gabãtar da tube shakatawa. Sami marẽmari an halaka su da ambaliyar ruwa da lalacewa a 1777 da kuma shawarar da Catherine II bayan gyara. suka sake buɗe kawai bayan da cikakken gyara a shekarar 2012.

iyakar

Har tsakiyar XVIII karni, Fontanka River aka gani a matsayin kudancin iyakar birnin, bayan da akwai kasar kadarori na arziki manya. A halin yanzu da aka straightening kuma wani ɓangare rufe magudanai, ciki har da datti kogin Tarakanovka. A iyakar St. Petersburg an mayar da su cikin kewaye tashar, amma line Fontanka da dama da suka gabata zauna a kasa da gaba da ginin. Tsakanin igiyoyin da Fontanka da Moika, tare da Kryukov Canal, a cikin XVIII-XIX ƙarni wani kewayen birni yankin na babban birnin kasar, mai suna Kolomna.

Aiki a kan kogin

A cikin shekaru 1780-1789 da Fontanka sake barrantar da kuma kara bunkasa da tashar, kazalika da aikin ci gaba da m A. V. Kvasovym, giggina liyi tare da dutse embankments, damar hanyoyi da kogin descents. A tsakiyar XIX karni, da kogi, a fannin ba Vitebsk Station aka haɗa ta kewaye layi ta hanyar Vvedensky, tsara don tura wasu zirga-zirga da kuma binne shi a 1967-1969 shekaru. A 1892, da Fontanka fara faruwa fasinja jiragen ruwa. A halin yanzu, kogin sanya biyu-hanyar zirga-zirga da kananan jirage a babban yawon shakatawa boats. A cikin hunturu, da juyin juya halin da wajen da City Majalisar da aka gudanar a kan kankara rinks jama'a.

ruwan sha

Samfur na shan ruwa da kewaye yawan da aka za'ayi a cikin past ƙarni biyu. Ruwa da aka hawa a kore ganga, da bambanci ga Neva, na kwalba a fari, da kuma saboda tsananin samu zama akai-akai cikin hanyar annoba na gastro-na hanji cututtuka. Manyan-sikelin gina magani shuke-shuke da kuma tura najasa a cikin Neva Bay ya inganta muhalli halin da ake ciki, da kuma a 1970 da mayar da kifin cikin kogin.

Biota

Major Flora ne ba ya nan a matsayin dukan a kan Neva River, dake gabar teku da kuma shuke-shuke ba, kamar yadda da ruwa ta baki ne liyi tare da dutse. Fontanka River (photo kasa) ba arziki fauna. Found kifi rai a cikin ƙananan kai na da Neva River da kuma yankin Neja Delta, ciki har da whitefish, bream da lamprey. Kafin juyin juya halin a kogin kiyaye yawa cages tare da live kifi, ya kawo sayarwa daga babba kai na da Neva River da kuma Lake Ladoga. A halin yanzu, saboda da ingantattun ingancin ruwa magani, kifi a yankin Neja Delta na Neva ne mafi zama da kuma a kan bankunan na Fontanka yi wasanni kama kifi, ko da yake masana ba da shawarar cin kama a ta da armashi da kuma rotan. Kifi daga gadoji ne tsananin haramta. A avifauna aka wakilta al'ada Petersburg for waterfowl jinsunan - ducks da seagulls.

gadoji

Baki irin wannan ruwa-ruwa rafi kamar yadda Fontanka kogin suna da alaka da gadoji 15, da su ne ta babban jan hankali. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu akwai: Laundry, daya daga cikin na farko da dutse crossings gina a St. Petersburg, Anichkov, sanannen wasannin sassaka kungiyoyin aiki Klodt, da kuma Masar gada, ado da biyu sphinxes da hudu Cast-baƙin ƙarfe fitilar-obelisks. A karshe hit a kan kogin kankara ne Jan. 20, 1905 saboda da rawa tasowa a lokacin da nassi daga wani rundujar soja masu dawaki na doki-Grenadier rajimanti, kuma aka mayar da karshe kawai a 1955-1956. A cikin XVIII karni, shi aka gina bakwai kama sarkar gada da katako Al'arshinSa. Daga cikin wadannan Lomonosovski (tsohon Chernyshev) da kuma Old-Kalinkin adana zuwa yanzu kamar yadda waɗansu alãmõmi, amma su tsakiyar sassa ana maye gurbinsu da baƙin ƙarfe, da karfe.

gani

Kusa da Summer Aljanna a cikin shekaru 1715-1722 da aka sanya particularity masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, inda har zuwa 1762 aka gina karami tasoshin farar hula. A ƙarshen XVIII karni a shafin na ta ruwan inabi, da gishiri warehouses aka gina, wanda ya sa da yankin da aka kira da Salt City. Daga wannan gine-gine kiyaye coci gini na St. Panteleimon. A sarari kasa hagu banki na Anichkov gada da aka gina up a cikin biyu da rabi na XIX karni. Akwai ya zaunar da Law School, sa'an nan - Sheremetev Palace (Fountain House) da Anny Ahmatovoy Museum, da kuma tsohon Catherine Cibiyar. A rarrabawa Nevsky Prospect ne fadar Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, sa'an nan tsohon Izmailovo lambu da kuma Estate na mawãƙi Derzhavin.

A dama banki da tafki da ake kira Fontanka kogin a St Petersburg a reshe shanku da kuma daura da Summer Aljanna ne Mikhailovsky Castle, gina a matsayin wurin zama na Paul na, da kuma wanda yake a yanzu wani reshe na Rasha Museum. Next zo da Shuvalov Palace, inda akwai mai zaman kansa gidan kayan gargajiya na Faberge, Anichkov Palace, da gungu na Lomonosov square da ginin tsohon ma'aikatar harkokin, gina a cikin 1830 da Carlo Rossi. Akwai kuma ginin St. Petersburg State Circus, Big Drama gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Yusupov Palace, da kuma kusa da bakinka - jiki Admiralty Shipyards. A shekarar 1994, a kan seafront a St Michael da ke Castle ne wani abin tunawa daga almara finch-Pyzhik, daya daga cikin mafi karami a St. Petersburg. Wannan ne Fontanka kogin, tarihin wanda shi ne sosai m da muhimmanci ga jihar.