Gabas Turai dandali: siffar da ƙasa. Albarkatun ma'adinai na gabashin Turai dandali

Mafi yawa daga cikin Turai ƙasa na Rasha, kazalika da wasu kasashe makwabta dake a cikin nahiyar yankin na duniya ta ɓawon burodi, da ake kira da Gabas-Turai dandali. Landform nan mafi yawa lebur, ko da yake akwai aka ware, wanda muka tattauna a kasa. Wannan dandali ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin a duniya ma'aunan kasa tsarin. Bari mu dauki wani kusa look, shi ne mai sauƙi na gabashin Turai Platform, wanda ma'adanai ana ajiye da shi, kazalika da Mene ne tsari na da samuwar.

Gwargwadon wuri

Da farko, gano inda daidai ne wannan yanki samuwar.

Gabas Turai tsoho dandamali, ko a matsayin shi ne ake kira, Rasha dandali, aka located a cikin yanayin yankunan gabashi da arewacin Turai. Yana bautarka mafi Turai na Rasha, kazalika da yankin da wadannan kasashe makwabta: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania da Estonia,, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, wani ɓangare na Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan da kuma Norway.

A arewa maso yammacin na Gabas-Turai tsoho dandali kara da samuwar na Caledonian orogeny a Norway, a da gabashin iyaka da Ural duwãtsu, a arewa - Arctic Ocean, a kudu Black Sea da Caspian Sea, kazalika da kwaruruka na Carpathians, da Crimea da Caucasus (Scythian kuka).

A duka yankin na dandali ne game 5500 sq. M. km.

A tarihin

Tectonic landforms Gabas Turai Platform suna daga cikin mafi tsufa a duniya na yanki tsarin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dandali ne har yanzu akwai a cikin pre-Cambrian sau.

Kafin samuwar guda world- nahiyar Pangea ƙasa na Rasha dandali ya raba nahiyar - Baltika. Bayan da breakup na Pangea dandali wani ɓangare na Laurasia, da kuma bayan rabuwa na karshen - wani ɓangare na Eurasia, wanda shi ne a yau.

Cikin wannan lokaci, da samuwar da aka rufe sedimentary kankara cewa kafa a wannan hanya da taimako na gabashin Turai dandali.

A dandamali

Kamar dukan zamanin da dandamali, tushe na gabashin Turai ne crystalline ginshiki. A saman da shi a kan miliyoyin shekaru don ƙirƙirar wani Layer na sedimentary kankara. Duk da haka, a wasu wuraren, kafuwar zo zuwa ga surface, forming wani crystalline bangarori.

A wannan yankin da garkuwa ne biyu (a kudu - Ukrainian garkuwa a arewa maso yammacin - Baltic Shield), wanda aka wakilta a kan wani tectonic farantin taswira.

Gabas Turai Bayyana

Abin da irin surface ne Gabas-Turai dandali? landforms su ne mafi yawa m da lebur. An halin da sãɓãwar low tuddai (200-300 m) da kuma filayen kwarinta. A talakawan tsawo na kan tudu, da ake kira da Gabas-Turai, shi ne 170 m.

Gabashin Turai (ko Rasha) Bayyana ne mafi girma abu na bayyana irin a Turai da kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Its yankin bautarka mafi yawan yankin na Rasha dandali da ke game da 4000 sq. M. km. Yana lullube daga Baltic Sea da kuma Finland, kuma ciki har da yamma zuwa da Ural Mountains a gabas a 2500 km, kuma daga tekuna na Arctic Ocean a arewa (Barents kuma White) zuwa ga Black, Caspian da kuma Azov teku a kudancin 2,700 km. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne wani ɓangare na wani ya fi manyan-sikelin aikin, da ake kira Great Turai Bayyana, mikawa cikin tekun Atlantic daga da Pyrenees Mountains a Faransa da Ural Mountains. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da matsakaicin tsayi da Rasha Bayyana ne 170 mita, amma ta tsororuwar kai 479 mita saman teku matakin. An located a Rasha Federation Bugulma-Bebeley tudun na Shefela da Ural Mountains.

Bugu da kari, a cikin ƙasa na Ukrainian garkuwa, wanda aka ma located a kan Rasha a fili, elation akwai wani nau'i na fitarwa na crystalline kankara na dandali sansanonin waje. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, Priazovskaya tudu, tsororuwar wanda (Belmak-Kabarin) ne 324 mita saman teku matakin.

Dalili na Rasha Bayyana ne Gabas-Turai dandali, wanda shi ne mai tsoho tectonic Tsarin. Kuma wannan shi ne saboda lebur ƙasa.

Sauran taimako abubuwa

Amma da Rasha Bayyana ne ba kawai Gwargwadon mahaluži cewa yana dauke da Gabas-Turai dandali. Landform nan daukan da sauran jinsunan. Wannan shi ne musamman halayyar a dandali iyakoki.

Alal misali, a cikin matsananci arewa maso yammacin na dandali a Norway, da Sweden da kuma Finland ne Baltic crystalline garkuwa. A nan, a kudancin Sweden, dake Sredneshvedskaya filayen kwari. Its tsawon daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma, bi da bi daidai da kilomita 200, kuma 500 km. Tsawo a nan shi ne kasa da 200 m.

Amma a arewacin Sweden da kuma Finland located Filato Norland. Its matsakaicin tsawo ne 800 mita saman teku matakin.

Upland ne halin da kananan Norwegian site wanda ya hada da Gabas Turai dandali. Landform to, ya zama duwatsu hali. Kuma shi ne ba abin mamaki ba ne, tun da dutsen zuwa yamma hankali zama sosai real duwãtsu, qazanta da sunan Scandinavian. Amma wadannan duwãtsu aka riga samu daga Caledonian orogeny, ba alaka kai tsaye zuwa ga waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin review dandali kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tectonic taswira.

kogi

Yanzu kai a look at babban Wuraren da ake located a cikin ƙasa a karkashin binciken dandali. Bayan duk, su ma, suna cikin sauƙi-dalilai.

The most kogin na gabashin Turai dandali da kuma dukan Turai ne Volga. Its tsawon shi ne 3530 km, kuma pool yanki 1.36 miliyan sq. M. km. Wannan kogin gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu, yayin da a cikin kewaye ƙasashe kafa daidai form floodplain taimako Rasha. Volga empties a cikin Caspian Sea.

Wani babbar kogin Rasha dandali ne Dnieper. Its tsawon shi ne 2287 km. Ta, kamar Volga, sunã gudãna daga arewa zuwa kudu, amma, da bambanci ga ta daina yar'uwarsa, ba ya fada a cikin Caspian Sea da tekun Black Sea. A kogin gudana ta ƙasar kasashe uku: Rasha, Belarus da kuma Ukraine. Tare game da rabin ta tsawon dama daidai a Ukraine.

Sauran manyan da kuma sanannun kõguna na Rasha dandali kamata hada da Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), da Kudancin Bug (806 km), Neva (74 km), tributary Dona Seversky Donets River (1,053 km), tributary na Volga Oka (1499 km) da kuma Kama (2030 km).

Bugu da kari, mafi kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na dandali a cikin Black Sea, da kogin Danube. A tsawon wannan babban kogi ne 2960 km, amma kusan gaba daya yana daukan mana fiye da da iyakoki na binciken dandali, da kuma kawai bakin Danube aka located a kan karkararta.

tabkuna

Akwai a kan ƙasa na Rasha dandali da lake. The most of su suna located a arewa maso yamma na Rasha. Shi ne Turai ta most ruwa tare lake Ladoga (fannin 17,9 dubu sq. Km.) Kuma Lake Onega (9.7 dubu sq. Km.).

Bugu da kari, a kudu da Rasha Platform located Caspian Sea, wanda shi ne, a gaskiya, shi ne mai gishiri lake. Shi ne mafi girma ruwa jiki a duniya da cewa ba shi da damar zuwa duniya ta tekuna. Its yanki ne 371,0 sq. M. km.

ma'adanai

Yanzu bari bincika ma'adanai na gabashin Turai dandali. Da irin ƙaunar da wannan yanki ne mai arziki a cikin kyauta. Saboda haka, a cikin gabashin Ukraine da kuma kudu maso yammacin Rasha ne daya daga cikin duniya most ci daruna - Donbass.

A kan ƙasa na Ukraine ne ma da Krivoy Rog baƙin ƙarfe da manganese Nikopol waha. Wadannan kudaden da ake dangantawa da damar yin amfani da surface na Ukrainian garkuwa. More baƙin ƙarfe Stores ne a cikin ƙasa na Kursk Magnetic Anomaly a Rasha. Duk da haka, akwai ba garkuwa yana tafe a waje, amma crept sosai a kusa da surface.

A cikin yankin na Caspian Basin, kazalika a Tatarstan, akwai fairly manyan adibas na man fetur. Su ma a cikin yankuna na kudancin man fetur da kuma iskar gas yankin a Ukraine.

A cikin Kola Larabawa apatite aka kafa samarwa a masana'antu sikelin.

A gaskiya, wadannan su ne babban ma'adanai na gabashin Turai dandali.

Kasa na Rasha Platform

Tati akwai Gabas Turai dandali? Haka ne, shi ne a cikin wannan yankin daya daga cikin mafi m kasa a duniya. Musamman m gona da iri suna located a kudu da kuma cibiyar na Ukraine, kazalika a cikin Black Duniya yankin na Rasha. Suna da ake kira black duniya. Wannan shi ne mafi tati a duniya.

Forest ƙasa haihuwa, kamar launin toka, wanda aka located arewa na chernozems ne da yawa m.

Janar halaye na dandali

Siffofin Rasha taimako bambanta quite wani babban iri-iri. Daga cikin su musamman wuri ne shagaltar da filayen. Just Gabas Turai dandali halitta Turai ta most lebur hadaddun. Kawai a kan periphery za a iya samu in mun gwada high tudu. Wannan shi ne saboda da tsufa da wannan dandali, wanda ba ne orogenic matakai da weathering smoothed dutsen da ya wanzu a nan miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce.

A yankin da aka yi albarka a tare da babbar reserves na ma'adanai. Musamman shi wajibi ne don ware adibas na ci da kuma da Karafa, cikin sharuddan wanda da Rasha dandali ne daya daga cikin shugabannin duniya. Akwai ma reserves na man fetur da sauran ma'adanai.

Ga wani sifofinsu alama Gabas Turai dandali, ta topography, ma'adanai adana a ciki, kazalika da Gwargwadon fasali na yankin. Hakika, wannan albarka ƙasar, wanda yayi da mazauna duk dole albarkatun cewa idan amfani da kyau, zai kasance da key zuwa wadata.