Bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond: Misalan abubuwa

Bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond, ko tsara bond - wani irin covalent bond. Gane rarrabe fasali na da irin wannan sadarwa, mu ba misalai nuna da samuwar.

covalent bond

Don fara, zaɓi rarrabe fasali na fi na covalent sinadaran bond.

Yana iya zama iyakacin duniya da kuma wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya, dangane da matsayin da electron biyu tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Idan akwai wani m motsi na electron yawa a cikin shugabanci na daya daga cikin kwayoyin halitta na faruwa iyakacin duniya covalent sinadaran bond. A irin wannan sabon abu ne yiwu tare da samuwar da bond tsakanin wadanda ba karafa, da ciwon daban-daban electronegativity. Lokacin da aka ɗaukaka ta, wani gagarumin motsi na electron biyu a cikin shugabanci na zarra da wani babban index na eo. Lokacin da samuwar na bond tsakanin wadanda ba karafa da ciwon guda darajar electronegativity ba ya lura miƙa biyu daga electrons, irin wannan dangane da aka kira wani nonpolar.

Misalai ne oxygen, hydrogen, lemar sararin samaniya da kuma phosphorus. Iyakacin duniya bond ne hydrochloric acid, ruwa, ammonia.

Akwai musamman ambatacce, godiya ga wanda za a iya halin da yawan electron nau'i-nau'i suna kafa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta.

Ganin cewa ga samuwar wani connection bukatar biyu electrons za uku sadarwa tsakanin nitrogen kwayoyin halitta, Ina nufin multiplicity yayi dace da uku. Bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond - shi ne na musamman hali na iyakacin duniya covalent bond, amma shi aka zaci intermolecular hulda da abubuwa.

Features na inji

Don samar da wata al'ada covalent bond isa hulda tsakanin biyu electrons (total nau'i-nau'i). Bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond kafa ta sinadaran ta biyu daga electrons daga gefe daya (daga wani mai bayarwa), komai (free) a kan orbital na wani zarra (Mai karɓar). A hali covalent iyakacin duniya (wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya) da kuma sadarwa tare da bayarwa-Mai karɓar hulda da electrons ƙarshe zama na kowa.

Ilimi ammonium cation

Kamar yadda shi ne kafa na bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond? Misalan abubuwa ba a cikin shakka daga makarantar sakandare sunadarai, iyaka ammonium cation. Bari mu bincika shi mafi ilimi.

Nitrogen, wani ɓangare na ammonia kwayoyin ne a cikin na biyar kungiyar (main subgroup) na lokaci-lokaci tebur. A ranar da matsanancin ƙarfi matakin ne biyar electrons. A samuwar ammonia kwayoyin a covalent hadin iyakacin duniya nitrogen ciyarwa uku electrons, don haka da electron biyu, wanda aka ba da hannu a cikin irin wannan tsari, ya rage sauran.

Ita ce ta ba shi dama ya motsa jiki da kaddarorin da mai bayarwa a lokacin da gabatowa da ammonia kwayoyin da dipoles na ruwa. A ruwa a hydrogen cation suna da nasu electron, don haka shi farfado da kaddarorin Mai karɓar.

A daidai lokacin da ammonia kwayoyin ne kusa isa ga hydrogen protons ne daga ruwa, nitrogen girgije kunsha na biyu electrons jũya a janye hydrogen cation, shi ya zama na kowa da su. A sakamakon haka ne samuwar tetravalent connection tsakanin nitrogen da hydrogen, shi aka zaci bayarwa-Mai karɓar inji. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira mai classic misali na da samuwar wani bond.

Ilimi oxonium cation

A cikin makaranta manhaja (asali matakin) ba a dauke oxonium cations (hydronium), kamar yadda Protolytic ka'idar mafita aka yi karatu ne kawai a profile matakin. Tun da akwai kuma used bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond, misalai na da samuwar wani kusa look.

Kamar yadda mai bayarwa a wannan harka za su yi aiki a matsayin mai ruwa DNA, da kuma farfado da kaddarorin wani proton Mai karɓar. An sano bayarwa-Mai karɓar inji - shi ne ake kira da tushe sunadarai na hadaddun mahadi, sabili da haka ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Ya bayyana jigon ka'idar electrolytic Lalacewar acid, salts, da kwasfansu, a lokacin da narkewa a cikin ruwa domin cations da anions.

A lokacin da irin mararraba faruwa a saboda permeation daure electrons a cikin matsanancin harsashi na linkable kwayoyin halitta. Kamar haka wani karuwa a yawan electrons a cikin matsanancin bawo daya.

Na biyu algorithm bond samuwar

Akwai wani inji ta da kafa wani mai bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond. Misalai na irin wannan hulda suna da yawa, musamman samuwar karfe fluorides. Akwai yin amfani da wata biyu da electrons daga daya daga cikin maida martani kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon haka, daya zarra in ji da matsakaicin adadin da fata, amma saboda ya dauki bangare, ba duk takwas electrons, kawai wani ɓangare daga gare su. Wadanda electrons da cewa ba su da hannu a, da aka kira free, kuma tare da taimakon wasu, da kuma haifar da wani mai bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond. Misalai na irin wannan bambance-bambancen karatu bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond samuwar labarta fluorides Alkali da alkaline duniya karafa. Alal misali, kamar wancan shirya sodium fluoride, potassium, alli.

Abin da kuma shi ne daban-daban bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond? Za mu iya rarrabe barga mahadi tasowa saboda irin sunadaran da samuwar tarin kwayoyin sunadarai. Alal misali, aka rushe a ruwa na hydrogen fluoride, da dangantakar dake tsakanin ammonia da aluminum chloride, wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar hadaddun mahadi.

ƙarshe

Ganin mulkin bayarwa-Mai karɓar hulda, lura da cewa inert gas iya da kyau yi aiki a matsayin aiki masu bada taimako, tun da matsanancin harsashi da matsakaicin adadin electrons. Gwaje da wannan sanarwa da aka cikakken inganta da kuma gano oxides inert gas da aka kafa ta bayarwa-Mai karɓar interactions.

Wannan irin covalent bond ne na musamman muhimmancin rayuwar yan Adam. Bugu da kari ga gudummawar a cikin rayuwar saboda da bayarwa-Mai karɓar bond iya ƙirƙirar abinci na daban-daban Pharmaceutical shirye-shirye. Ga misali, da samuwar inji tattauna a sama Game ammonium cation samuwar ammonia ne yadu a yi amfani da zamani magani.