Talakawa coci. A tarihin talakawa majami'u a Rasha

Tun da tallafi na Kiristanci a Rasha Orthodox ra'ayin da fore da darajar da wasu rubuce na Rasha ethnos da kuma shagaltar da wani key wuri a cikin kowane minti daya na rai na mumini. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin hali na ceton da kauye ko birni daga bala'i, kuma a godiya ga nasara a kan abokan gaba, a daga mũminai fara kafa addini alamomin a scene cikin wani dan kankanin lokacin. Saboda haka, wani sabon nau'in yi na Orthodox haikali - da coci yau da kullum.

The Church a matsayin marar ganuwa jagora mutum

Tarihi na yau da kullum coci a Rasha ya fara da 996, a lokacin da Grand Duke Vladimir, ya tsere da wata tawagar daga Pechenegs karkashin cover na gada, bisa ga alwashi, gina a wannan wuri Haikali.

Duk da haka, da yaduwa da na al'ada majami'u da haikalin gine-gine a Rasha ya fara ne kawai a cikin marigayi 14th - tsakiyar 15th karni, wannan da aka bayyana musamman aiki a cikin yankuna na Pskov da Novgorod.

A ra'ayi na "yau da kullum coci" - tare da lafazi a kan uku syllable - yana buɗewa da definition na Haikalin gine-gine, halitta a rana daya, - "ne daya daga cikin rana."

A wuri na ibada a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum

Irin wannan babban kudi na gina coci ne saboda wani sauki mulki - da coci zama "tsabtace" m wuri kawai a bãyan keɓewa, don haka yi aiki a kan ta yi ba ya hana na minti kuma mundane coci har karshen yi da keɓewarsa ta zauna kare daga mugunta sojojin. Na gama aikin yi, da dawowar su na ruhaniya da kuma ta jiki ƙarfi ne wani ƙarin lamuni na tsaro na aiwatar da a lokaci guda aiki a matsayin wani kokarin nema mutane zuwa ga Allah alheri. Daya daga cikin wadannan haikalin, daruruwan mutane suka taru, kowane biyu haskakawa alherin, ne Church of Iliya talakawa a Moscow.

Create a Haikali a godiya domin ceton

All talakawa haikalin aka halitta kamar yadda alamomin na allahntaka taimako da cẽto ga muminai. Koyaushe halitta yau da kullum Ibada ga mai girma dalili - bisa ga alkawarin da mutane, da aka ba propitiate Allah, mãsu bijirẽwa ne daga mutane na da wata azãba, kuma bala'i. Alal misali, a lokacin da mutum annoba a 1390 a Novgorod, a cikin sunan Uba Mai tsarki Athanasius a rana daya da aka kafa, da kuma coci da aka tsarkake by John ubangijina. Similar to ta coci da aka gina a Pskov a lokacin da annobar a 1407 pskovityane.

A Moscow a 1553, a lokacin wani annoba annoba, IV Ivan da Munin umurce su da su sa biyu katako majami'u, folded a rana daya da kuma tsarkake a cikin girmamawa St. Christopher da Kirilla Belozorskogo. Ya na farko rikodin a cikin tarihin novogorodskih, wanda yana nufin yi da na al'ada majami'u da oda na Grand Duke.

Tarihi, saboda ci gaban da Rasha coci gine

Talakawa coci a kan m ya erection ne daban-daban daga cikin Orthodox katako, ko ta dutse ba coci. A joinery qware nazarinsa a baya kerarre kumshin ɓangare na coci, sa'an nan a daidai wurin da kuma a rana daya da dukan tsarin sosai da sauri faruwa. Hakika, saboda ta Compactness, yau da kullum coci iya ba saukar da fiye da ɗari biyu mutane. Duk da haka, da yawan parishioners ne matsakaici-sized Ikklesiya al'umma, gamsuwa da daya firist.

A ta zamani sunan yau da kullum coci iya zama high - 15 mita high, 80 murabba'in mita da kuma iya saukar da har zuwa 150 bauta - da kuma low, wanda tsayinsa ne 12 mita, amma yanki - kawai 49 murabba'in mita.

Katako coci da aka sanya na laminated veneer kaya maras amfani, ko rajistan ayyukan. Modern yau da kullum coci mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba sanya a kan wani tushe, da kuma ake gina a kan kankare cubes. Wannan ne yake aikata saboda gaskiyar cewa ta aiki a cikin sabon birane ko karkara gundumar da aka lasafta a kan wani wucin-akai, dauka da motsi na Haikalin zuwa wani sabon wuri a cikin shiri na haihuwa coci a dindindin gyarawa. Novopostavlenny haikali ma bukatar wani lokaci na ruwan sama a cikin wani sabon wuri.

A zamani Rasha, ya fi aiki yau da kullum coci gina a cikin Far East da kuma Siberia, saboda inaccessibility na wadannan wurare da misali yi abu da kuma gajeren lokaci na shekara, da ake bukata domin gina da dutse coci.

Ado da iconography na yau da kullum da Rasha Orthodox coci

A duniya ta yau, da limaman mai yawa da hankali biya zuwa ciki ado na cikin Haikalin, haifar da ya rabu da mu wuce kima Byzantine alatu, kuma a lokaci guda zuwa duba manya da daraja, da kafa wani taro domin ake bukata kauri da kuma m hanya da kuma bugawa fasaha painters da kuma gine-ginen.

Saboda haka, duk da fiye da wani suna fadin bayyanar, yau da kullum coci ne mai girma misali na Rasha coci gine-gine, hada da na Orthodox iconostasis, wani waje thread a ƙofar fuka-fuki da glittering domes.

Hakika, da na al'ada abubuwa - faranti, font, giciye, kyandir - samu a diocesan ofisoshin.

The firist ya albarkaci icon ko simintin a matsayin kyauta parishioners ko Ikklesiya amfani da sabis na cikakken lokaci painters.

Iliya The yau da kullum - ganuwa majiɓinci, na Rasha mutane

Musamman game da veneration na Rasha mutane a kai da annabi Iliya, wanda yana dauke da majiɓinci, saint da sojoji, matukan jirgin da kuma Airborne sojojin na Rasha.

Iliya da Annabi, a lokacin rayuwarsa mabiyin exposer na mutum mũnãnan ayyuka, kare gwauraye da menacing bin hakkin da adalci, da kisan da firistoci na Ba'al ne, kuma Ubangiji yana da ubangijin fari da kuma ruwan sama. A Rasha a kan Iliya Day, bikin ranar 2 Agusta, an hana aikin, kazalika a kan imani cewa mugayen ruhohi shiga cikin ruwa, don haka sai na gaba shekara haramta wanka. A da kwanan wata na iyali idodi, wanda a da yawa larduna da aka riga da wani mako-dogon post.

Haikalin Iliya talakawa a Moscow

Bit majami'u da dogon tarihi na trohvekovuyu, a lokacin da suka lokaci zuwa lokaci tafi fatara da aka gina. Daya daga cikin wadannan majami'u ne Church of Iliya Annabi sananne a Moscow. Its tarihi, wannan haikali Dates baya ga 16th karni, a lokacin da wannan wuri mai katako coci na Grand Prince Vasily III na, bisa ga alkawarin da aka gina - "yau da kullum", "Obydenko" - don haka ya kira coci Annabi Iliya yau da kullum.

A 1611 da coci da aka ƙone da Polish da dakarun, a 1612 akwai hedkwatar Dmitriya Pozharskogo. A 17th karni shi ya gudana a matsayin hukuma ɗakin sujada na Sarakuna, inda ya kuma miƙa up salla domin ruwan sama a lokacin fari.

A 1706, magatakarda na majalisar Gavriil Fodorovich Derevnin da ɗan'uwansa Basil aka gina Church of Iliya sake yau da kullum, a cikin ƙasa da abin da baya da aka binne shi. Da cewa wannan shekarar, babban sanyi kursiyin annabi Iliya aka gina dumi refectory coci su yi addu'a a cikin hunturu kakar, wanda aka mugun lalace ta hanyar wuta da aka gina a 1753.

Yanzu a cikin haikali ganuwar an rufe tare da m zane-zane, yafi a kan jigogi daga rayuwar Annabi Iliya. A cikin coci suna kaya daga St. Athanasius Kovrov da icon na Our Lady of Kazan.

Tun 1917 da coci ba ga wani lokacin rufe. Tare da arziki tarihi shi ne ba kawai wani samfurin na Rasha icon zanen da kuma gine makaranta, amma kuma wani babban wuri domin watsa na alfarma ilimi - a Church of Iliya Annabi yana da wani library, wata lacca dakin da kuma wani coci makaranta.