Ina Belgium? Belgium Jihar harshe

Mulkin Belgium ne memba na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO, MDD da kuma kungiyar EU. Yawan mutanen da suke rayuwa a yankin da nawa zuwa fiye da 10.5 mutane miliyan. Bugu da ari, a wannan labarin, za mu nuna maka inda yake Belgium, tare da wasu yankuna da shi da iyaka, kazalika da ta administrative tsarin da kuma tarihi.

Overview

Belgium - a kasar tare da wani tsarin mulki majalisar daular mulkinsu. A cewar nau'i na administrative-yankin tsarin shi ne wani Tarayya. Kudin Belgium - Yuro. A babban birnin kasar birni ne Brussels. Belgium Area - 30.528 sq. km. Name België (niderl.) Zo daga ethnonym na Celtic kabilar Belgians. Ina Belgium? Federation aka located a Yammacin Turai. A arewa na Belgium a kan iyakar da Netherlands, a yamma da kuma kudu - Faransa da Jamus - zuwa gabas da Luxembourg a kudu-maso-gabas.

Brief Historical Fage

A 54th BC. e. ƙasa a arewacin Gaul (inda Belgium yanzu) nasara da sojojin Yuliya Tsezarya. Bayan da Roman Empire fadi cikin na biyar karni lardin kama Franks (Jamus kabilan). Halitta su ne a cikin wannan yankin da mulkinsa. A tsakiyar zamanai België ne wani ɓangare na Duchy na Burgundy, kuma daga 1556 har 1713th ta kasance wani ɓangare na Spain. Rabuwa da Belgium ƙasa daga Netherlands fara a lokacin da shekara tamanin 'War.

Tun 1713 België mallakar Mai Tsarki Roman Empire matsayin Austria Netherlands. Daga 1792 zuwa 1815 th Belgium ya koma Faransa. Sa'an nan, har 1830, ta na daga cikin Netherlands. Wannan shekara, a kan Satumba 23, akwai wani juyin juya halin. A sakamakon tashin Belgium samu 'yancin kai, kuma ya kasance a tsaka tsaki mulkin. Its m a lokacin da aka Leopold I.

Development bayan 'yancin kai,

Quite maida kafa da tattalin arziki na nan gaba Tarayya a XIX karni. Yankin inda Belgium, ya zama na farko a nahiyar Turai, inda da reluwe da aka gina. F / A knitted masana'anta na Brussels da Mechelen. A ƙarshen XIX karni, Belgium ya zama mulkin mallaka kasar nan. A ta mallaka tun 1885 har zuwa 1908 shi ne na farko da kasar Congo, wanda shi ne yanzu a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar. Active amfani na mallaka wakilta daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun bunkasa masana'antu da kuma sabunta bayanan da Belgium babban birnin kasar. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko (shi ne ake kira da "Great War") na nan gaba Tarayya ya sha wahala ƙwarai. A daya daga cikin birane (Ieper) da aka amfani da ko da guba gas.

A shekara ta 1925, a dangane da itifaƙin da yarjejeniya tsakanin Netherlands da kuma Belgium, da karshen ya rasa ta saka hannu. Bugu da kari, da tashar jiragen ruwa na Antwerp ya soji. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, Belgium da aka mamaye da Jamusawa, da kuma Korol Leopold III da aka tura zuwa Jamus. Bayan da kwato yankin na sabon gwamnatin da aka kafa. The shugaban kasa yayin da ya zama sarki. A shekarar 2013, ta ashirin da farko na Yuli, akwai da sa kambi na Philip I. Tun da aka kafa ta, Belgium ne a tsarin mulkin daular mulkinsu, kuma tun 1980 - ma wani tarayya kasar.

administrative division

A kasar, akwai biyu a layi daya tsarin. A Federation ne zuwa kashi uku yankuna. Biyu daga gare su, bi da bi, su da kansu lardin:

A Flemish Region hada da:

• Antwerp.
• Gabas Flanders.
• Limburg.
• West Flanders.
• Flemish Brabant.

A Walloon yankin hada da:

• Liege.
• Eno.
• Luxembourg.
• Barbant Wallpott.
• Namur.

Akwai kuma Brussels-Capital yankin. Bugu da kari, Belgium yana da uku al'ummomin harshen. A fannin su iyawa - al'adu al'amurran da suka shafi, kimiyya, ilimi da ayyukan da wasanni. shugabannin kasashen yankin da hannu a warware batutuwan da suka shafi cikin gida da tattalin arziki, muhalli da kuma jama'a ayyuka (misali gina hanya).

Taswirar Belgium

A dukan ƙasar ne zuwa kashi uku Gwargwadon yankunan. A kudu maso gabas - shi ne Ardennes tudun, arewa-maso-yammacin - jihar bakin teku a fili. Sulusin - shi ne tsakiyar Filato. Low Belgium (gabar teku a fili) ne m polders da yashi dunes. Tsohon hada shafukan da cewa su ne a karkashin barazana daga ambaliya. Suna kare da dams ko filayen da musamman magudanun ruwa tashoshi, shirya kara daga teku. Polders ne sosai tati. Tsakanin yammacin yankunan (Scheldt da kuma Fox) gudanar Flemish Shefela. Baya shi ne located Kempen (Gwargwadon yanki). A wuri mai faɗi a cikin wannan yankin da aka wakilta, yafi natsuwa da Pine gandun daji da kuma masara filayen.

tsakiyar Filato

Tsakanin kwaruruka na gudãna Meuse da Sambre da Kempen ta'allaka Average Belgium. Wannan shi ne tsakiyar Filato. Akwai yafi lãka tuddanta, wanda aka hankali ya karu zuwa ga kwaruruka. A wannan yankin, mafi tati a cikin dukan na Belgium. Don tsakiyar Filato hada lardin Hainaut, kudu da arewa Limburg Liege. Yawa daga ƙasar ne shagaltar da natsuwa da makiyaya. Tsakanin su Farms (karkara estate).

Ardennes tudun

High Belgium ne halin da wani yawa na gandun daji da kuma fairly low yawan yawa. A taimako ne ya wakilci yafi by duwãtsu. A wannan batun, yankin da aka ba da raya aikin noma. Duk da haka, da yankin ya janyo hankalin quite mai yawa yawon bude ido. Ya fara High Belgium daga kwaruruka na Meuse da Sambre koguna da ya zuwa kudu. Just a bãyansu ya ta'allaka Condroz (Gwargwadon yanki). Wannan ƙasa aka mamaye low tuddai, wanda tsayinsa -. Ba fiye da 300 mita zuwa high na Belgium hada da wani ɓangare na lardunan Liege, Namur kuma mai motsa rai. Bayan su suna located high tuddai - Ardennes. Su ne mafi yawa rufe da gandun daji. Kananan kauyuka dake ko'ina cikin ƙasa, suna da alaka ta hanyoyi, Tuddan serpentine. A Ardennes a Belgium ne tsororuwar - Dutsen Botranzh (694 m).

kabilu

The al'ummar ta ke kasu kashi biyu main kungiyoyin. Na farko shi ne Flemish. Su dokoki ne game da 60% na al'ummar jihar. Game da 40% ne Walloons. Flemings rayuwa a cikin biyar arewacin larduna. The hukuma harshe a cikin wannan yankin da aka dauke su Dutch. Mazauna ce da shi da kuma ta yaruka da yawa. Walloons zauna da biyar kudancin larduna. Sun yi magana Walloon, Faransa da kuma da dama wasu harsuna. Bayan Tarayya tsiwirwirinsu samun 'yancin kai, shi ne frankoorientirovannoy yankin. Na farko akwai wanda hukuma harshen Belgium - Faransa. Duk da haka, dole ne in ce cewa Flemings kasance ko da yaushe wani babban bangare na al'ummar. Amma ko da a cikin Flanders for quite lokaci mai tsawo, Faransa ne kawai harshen mafi girma da kuma sakandare.

A karshen yakin duniya na farko ya fara aiki motsi ga emancipation na Flemish. Yana girma a cikin wani da ake kira "harshen gwagwarmaya." Results motsi kai kawai zuwa 60-th shekaru karni na ashirin da. A shekara ta 1963, soma wani sa na dokokin cewa tsara da amfani da wani harshe a aikin hukuma lokatai. By 1980, ya aka hukumance gane kamar yadda na biyu na aikin harshen Belgium - Netherlands. Duk da haka, duk da wannan ci gaba, da tashin hankali tsakanin manyan tarayyar kungiyoyin ci gaba.

siyasa Structure

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Belgium - shi ne mai kundin tsarin daular mulkinsu da kuma wani Tarayya. The shugaban gwamnatin ne firayim ministan kasar. Yau, da wannan post da aka gudanar Elio Di Rupo. Yawancin zama Firayim Ministan wakilin jam'iyyar lashe kuri'u mafi a cikin zaben. Sarkin nada gwamnatin. Majalisar yana kuma da hannu a cikin yardar abun da ke ciki. Bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki, gwamnatin dole ne ya girmama ilimin harshe parity: 50% dole ne wakilin al'umma, magana a Dutch, kuma 50% - daga Faransa-magana kungiyar. Federation majalisar kunshi biyu bẽnãye. Top - Majalisar Dattawa. Kasa - Majalisar Wakilai. Dukansu biyu suna kafa a kan tushen da kai tsaye a duniya a zaben, wanda ya faru a kowace 4 years. 'Yancin kada kuri'a ne duk mazaunan ƙasar da suka kai shekaru 18 da haihuwa. A Majalisar Wakilai wakilan na 150 mambobi da kuma majalisar dattijai - Belgium 71. Wani lokaci kira dual Tarayya, saboda an raba lokaci guda uku a cikin rabe-raben harsuna da al'ummomi da uku yankuna. Its gwamnati da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar da kusan dukkan su. A togiya ne Flemish yankin da kuma Niderlandoyazychnoe al'umma. Yardatayya daga cikin hukumomi a gare su shi aka sõyayya. A sakamakon haka, Belgium yana shida majalisu da yadda da yawa gwamnatoci. Gwamnatin tarayya kula da ayyukan da sauran biyar shugabanci Tsarin. Bugu da kari, ta ce ke da alhakin tsaro, harkokin waje, pensions, monetary da kuma tattalin arziki manufofin da sauran kasa matsaloli.