Abin da kwayoyin sami orderlies na duniya: a takaice amsar

Mai rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya iya kai-samar da kwayoyin abubuwa wajibi ne ga su aiki da kuma, sabili da haka, dole ne amfani da data kasance kwayoyin halitta, ta amfani da wannan musamman enzymes.

Autotrophs da heterotrophs

Na farko shi ne cewa ya yi farko kera kwayoyin abubuwa, watau wadanda wadda dauke da carbon, babban yawan shuke-shuke da cewa ana amfani da wannan tsari na photosynthesis. Wannan hanya na ciyar kira autotrophic.

Wani Hanyar samar da kwayoyin abubuwa ne chemosynthesis, a cikinsa via hadaddun redox halayen da kwayoyin halitta samar daga sulfur, waxes, sunadarai, kuma ko da hydrogen. Wannan hanya na cin kowa daga cikin mazauna na microorganisms cewa rayuwa a babban zurfin.

Wannan kwayoyin abubuwa sanya ta sauran kwayoyin a cikin tsari na photosynthesis da chemosynthesis, ciyar a kan kwayoyin amfani heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda haka, heterotrophs zauna babban matsayi a cikin abinci sarkar, amma a lokaci guda suna dogara a kan wasu kwayoyin.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, kuma osmotrofy Biotroph

Daga cikin iri-iri na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne na kowa abinci dabarun. Autotrophic abinci muhimmi a cikin wani sosai shirya kwayar kwayoyin, yayin da fungi da protozoa a cikin juyin halitta daga fĩfĩta heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki.

Heterotrophic abinci hada da dama na asali dabarun samun makamashi daga ƙãre kwayoyin halitta.

Alal misali, hanyar da cewa wasu daga cikin fungi da kwayoyin samu makamashi daga yanayi, da ake kira osmotrofiya, Ina nufin samun gina jiki kai tsaye ta hanyar cell bango. A saboda wannan dalili akwai aka kafa na daban-daban fungal enzymes wanda abu a baya cleaved a cikin matsakaici kewaye da fungal bango.

A babba mataki na abinci sarkar dauki Biotroph, da suka hada da dabbobi da cewa ciyar a kan shuke-shuke da dabbobi da cewa ciyar a kan wasu dabbobi, watau yara.

Na bayar da muhimmanci ga al'ummar yanayin kasa na dukan duniya ne ma saprotrophs kwayoyin - abin da ake kira zamani ilmin halitta kwayoyin da aka fi sani da farko a matsayin saprophytes.

Ammonification matsayin tushe abinci da dala

Don gane abin da yake cikin yawa na kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi da rawa a wannan hadadden tsari aka buga da kwayoyin, shi wajibi ne don amsa tambaya na abin da kwayoyin sami orderlies duniya.

Kamar yadda m kamar yadda sauti, amma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matakai a duniya ne ammonification, cewa an Rotting. Wannan shi ne wani wajen rikitarwa daga sinadaran ra'ayi, da aiwatar da daukan lokaci mai tsawo.

Domin aiwatar da wannan tsari dace kwayoyin, ciyar da kwayoyin halitta, kuma haka wani abu dauke da mai gina jiki. Muhimmancin aiwatar daga nazarin halittu ra'ayi bayar widest rarraba ammonifiers cewa a cikin manyan lambobi da ake samu a ruwa, ƙasa, abinci da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Da zarar kwayoyin samun isasshen na wani m substrate, da Rotting aiwatar farawa.

A nan ne kwayoyin Nemo orderlies na duniya:

• spore-kafa kwayoyin na HALITTAR Bacillus.
• clostridia.
• enterobacteria.

Wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta ne mafi jawo aiwatar zurfin bazuwar sunadarai a kan daban-daban nitrogen-free kuma nitrogen mahadi, wanda, fadowa cikin ruwa, iska da kuma ƙasa ana amfani da ikon shuka, wanda a nuna sake amfani da su domin samar da kwayoyin mahadi, cewa shi ne, girma da kuma haifuwa.

Yanke shawara wanda kwayoyin sami orderlies na duniya, wajibi ne a mayar da hankali a kan amfanin kawo ta su al'amarin. Ya kamata nuna da zai yiwu cutar da tattalin arziki da kuma kasuwanci ayyukan.

Me saprotrophs kwayoyin sami orderlies yanayi

Daya daga cikin na kowa sinadaran abubuwa a yanayi ne nitrogen, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga ci gaban da tsire-tsire da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A lokacin da ya girma da kuma ci gaban da tsire-tsire cinye yawa free nitrogen daga ƙasa, iska da kuma ruwa. Kamar wancan nitrogen ta ɗaure su da kuma zama samuwa ga m amfani.

Bayan da mutuwar jiki da nitrogen ne a cikin wani jihar inda ba zai iya amfana daga sauran shuke-shuke. Shi ne a wannan mataki a cikin akwati zo da kwayoyin cuta, da babban alama wanda shi ne heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki. Sannu a hankali amma ya kamata su manne duk kunshe a cikin kwayoyin halitta na dũkiyõyinsu a cikin mafi sauki abubuwa, wanda ta haka ya koma zuwa ga halitta yawa.

By saprophytes ba kawai amfani

Da zarar ka san wanda kwayoyin sami orderlies na duniya, kuma za a iya kira saprotrophs da kwayoyin da cewa zai iya sa cutar da mutum. Ko da yake na hanji microflora mutane da kuma ƙunshi yawan putrefying kwayoyin cuta, su wuce kima multiplication iya haifar da cutar da mutum.

A mafi cutarwa ne saprotrophs eskerikiya, Clostridium da Streptococcus.

Bugu da kari, wasu iri kwayoyin sa bai kai ba spoilage abinci, suna ɓuɓɓugar da shi mai girma tattalin arziki cuta.