Kasashen turai: tarihi da siffofin na ci gaba

Kasashen turai - shi ne jihar, wanda aka geographically ayi a kan ƙasa na yammacin Turai. A statistics harhada da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya masana, da jerin hada da jihohi tara: Faransa, Belgium, Austria, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Jamus, Monaco, Switzerland, da Netherlands. Duk da haka, da siyasa bangare na duk Tarayyar Turai Member Amirka suna kunshe a cikin ra'ayi na kasashen yammaci. Jerin haka sabunta. Don haka za a iya kara da wadannan kasashe: Finland, Denmark, Girka, Italiya, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain.

A Brief History of na da Yammacin Turai

Modern kasashen yammaci kafa a kan ƙasa da tsohon Roman Empire. Bayan rushewar da iko jihar a 476 a wurinsa jahiliya da mulkoki da aka kafa ta Jamus kabilu. The most wani siyasa da tattalin arziki jam'iyya francs - zamani Faransa. Big iko su ma da shiri na Visigoths a shafin na zamani Spain, da mulkin Ostrogoths (Italy), Jihar Anglo-Saxons (UK) da sauransu.

Dukan waɗannan sabon siyasa abokai sõyayya da na kowa hanya na ci gaba: da bunqasar kabilai, da samuwar wani karfi monarchical iko, da m fragmentation na ƙasa, kuma a karshe kasa karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma samuwar guda jihar. A da yawa daga cikinsu a cikin marigayi na da tsawon kafa wani cikakken tsari na daular mulkinsu.

sabon lokaci

Jihar na yammacin Turai ta hanyar tafi mataki na feudalism da tsarin jari-hujja. A mafi cigaban iko faru bourgeois juyin juya halin, kasar (da Netherlands, United Kingdom, France) sun samu. A farkon zamanin, kusan duk m kasashe na nahiyar shiga gwagwarmayar neman samu da kuma ci gaban sabon asashe. Wannan lokaci ne da aka sani a tarihi kimiyya da ake kira "Age na Discovery". Shugabannin a cikin wannan filin ne Portugal da Spain.

Yammacin kasashen da wani na kowa hanyar al'adu cin: a cikin XV-XVI ƙarni ne epoch na Renaissance, wanda ya fara a Italiya da kuma yada a ko'ina cikin sauran jihohi a yankin. A XVII-XVIII ƙarni a Yammacin Turai zo da haske - lokacin da ya faru na sabon ra'ayi game da halitta da hakkin da sarki alhakin da mutane. A sakamakon - a kalaman na bourgeois juyin, wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kasashen turai sun rungumi. Su main sakamakon da aka yardar jari hujja yanayin samar.

XIX karni a cikin tarihi na Yammacin Turai

A zamanin da Napoleonic Wars ya fundamentally canza taswirar nahiyar. Ya bayar da gudunmawar aiwatar da aka sanya da kuma tarzomar yanke shawara na Vienna Congress. Kasashen turai a cikin karni na 19th sun canza muhimmanci a cikin siyasa, tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu sharuddan. Da farko sababbin abubuwa shãfe iko arziki a duniya fagen fama. A 1815 an halitta Mai Tsarki Alliance, wanda yake shi ne Trend zuwa da bunqasar na yammacin Turai jihohi.

A peculiarity na epoch ne cewa a cikin XIX karni fara samar da babban soja da siyasa da rijiyoyin, wanda ya zama wani irin Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe. A manyan kasashe na yammacin Turai a wancan lokaci ya yi real tsalle a masana'antu da kuma bunkasa masana'antu. sabon yan bindiga tattalin arzikin da aka halitta, da nufin kula da manyan sikelin-tashin.

Yammacin kasashen Turai a cikin XX karni

A sabon karni da aka alama ta biyu m tunkaro, yaƙe-yaƙe. Babban scene na an fara fada a Yammacin Turai (1914-1918) da kuma Tarayyar Soviet (1941-1945). Wata yaki a cikin ƙasa da yanke shawarar da sakamako na adawa. Shawarwarin soma a taro na kasashen turai da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, m post-yaki a kasar.

The biyu da rabi na XX karni da aka alama ta adawa tsakanin biyu tsarin - gurguzu da na jari hujja. Ci gaban da kasashen turai, ta sha bamban daga kwaminisanci tsarin mulki a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan sabani sun kai ga halittar soja da siyasa da rijiyoyin: da Warsaw yarjejeniya a Gabashin Turai da NATO - a kasashen yamma. Bugu da kari, a 1948 a can aka kuma kafa ta kasashen yammacin Turai, wanda dade har 2011. A shekarar 1992, bisa ga da Maastricht yarjejeniyar , kungiyar Tarayyar Turai da aka kafa. Kasashen turai, da jerin wanda yanzu ya cika da sabon members, sun kai wani qualitatively sabon matakin bunkasuwa.

Yammacin Turai a cikin zamani duniya

Tarayyar Turai ta jimlar yawan sama da 500 mutane miliyan suka yi magana Indo-Turai harsuna: yawanci Roman kuma Jamus. The ƙasa rufe fiye da 4 murabba'in kilomita miliyan - shi ne na bakwai a duniya.

A peculiarity na zamani ci gaban da kasashen yammacin Turai kasashe ne su sadaukar da su hadewa, duk da centrifugal nufi a cikin wasu yankuna. Muhimman zauna a manyan wuri a duniya kudin reserves na zinariya, da matakin da tattalin arziki da al'adu ci gaba. A karshen shã'aninku kayyade cewa Yammacin Turai kasashe ne daya daga cikin shugabannin kasa da kasa fagen fama.