Biography of Ernesto Che Guevara, na sirri rayuwa, ban sha'awa facts. Comandante Che Guevara

Ernesto Guevara aka haife kan Yuni 14, 1927 a daya daga cikin manyan biranen na Rosario a Argentina. Shahararren "Che" prefix aka yi amfani da yawa daga baya. Tare da taimakon, da suke zaune a Cuba, a neman sauyi jaddada nasu Argentine asalin. "Che" - wani tunani zuwa wani interjection. A gida Ernesto shi ne mai rare magani.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma bukatun

Guevara mahaifina shi ne wani m, shi da uwarsa - wata yarinya daga wani iyali na planters. The iyali koma sau da yawa. College gaba Comandante Che Guevara ya kammala karatunsa a Cordoba, da kuma mafi girma ilimi a Buenos Aires. The saurayi ya yanke shawarar ya zama likita. By sana'a, ya kasance wani likita da wani likitan fata.

Riga farkon tarihin Ernesto Che Guevara ya nuna yadda m ya yi masa hukunci. Matashin sha'awar ba kawai a magani, amma kuma da yawa al'adu. Ya karatu kunshi ayyukan da shahararrun marubuta: Verne, Victor Hugo, Dumas, Cervantes, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy. Revolutionary gurguzu ra'ayoyi dimbin yawa ayyukan Marx, Engels, Bakunin, Lenin da sauran theoreticians na hagu.

A kadan-san gaskiya, wanda ya sãɓã, biography na Ernesto Che Guevara - ya san Faransa. Bugu da kari, ya ƙaunace shayari, san da zuciya ayyukan Verlaine, Baudelaire, Lorca. A Bolivia, inda ya rasu a neman sauyi, ya dauki tare da shi a cikin wani jerin gwanon jakarka ta baya rubutu da kuka fi so ayoyi.

fadin Amurka

A farko m tafiya Guevara bayan Argentina tana nufin 1950, lokacin da ya yi aiki part lokaci a kan wani kaya jirgin da kuma ziyarci Burtaniya Guiana da Trinidad. Argentina kaunace kekuna da kuma mopeds. Next tafiya kama Chile, Peru, Colombia da kuma Venezuela. Daga bisani yaƙin biography Che Guevara zama cikakken sa na manufa. A cikin farkon matasa, ya yi tafiya zuwa kasashe makwabta don samun sani duniya da kuma samun sabo kwaikwayo.

Guevara ta da abokin tarayya a cikin daya daga tafiyarka ya Dr Biochemistry Alberto Granado. Tare da shi cikin Argentine likita ziyarci wani kuturu mallaka na kasashen Latin American. Har ila yau, kamar wata ziyarci kango na dama tsohuwar India biranen (juyin juya halin Musulunci ko da yaushe keenly sha'awar a tarihin 'yan asalin mutanen New World). Lokacin da Ernesto tafiya zuwa Colombia, inda yakin basasa ya fara. Da ka, ya ko ziyarci Florida. A 'yan shekarun baya, Che a matsayin wata alama ce "fitarwa na juyin juya halin" zai zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan adawar na White House gwamnati.

a Guatemala

A shekarar 1953, a nan gaba shugaban Cuba juyin juya hali, Ernesto Che Guevara, a tsakanin biyu manyan tafiya a kusa da Latin Amurka ta kare a rubutun kishin nazarin allergies. Zama likita, saurayin yanke shawarar komawa Venezuela da kuma aiki a wani kuturu mallaka a can. Duk da haka, a kan hanyar zuwa Caracas daya daga cikin saba tafiya Guevara rinjayi je Guatemala.

Matafiyin a Babban American kasar a kan Hauwa'u na da mamayewa a Nicaragua sojojin, shirya da CIA. Guatemala City bamai, da kuma shugaban na Socialist Jacobo Arbenz ƙi da hukumomi. Sabon shugaban Castillo Armas ya pro-American kuma fara ramuwar gayya kan magoya bayan zaune a kasar ta hagu-reshe ideas.

A Guatemala, da biography na Ernesto Che Guevara aka farko hade da yaki kai tsaye. Argentina taimaki kare da hambararren gwamnatin su safarar makamai, ya halarci extinguishing da gobara a lokacin da iska hare-hare. Lokacin da Socialists sha wahala a karshe shan kashi, Guevara sunan sa a kan lists na daga wanda aka jiran danniya. Ernesto ya iya fakewa a cikin ofishin jakadancin na ƙasarsa ta Argentina, inda ya kasance a karkashin diplomasiyya kariya. Daga can shi ne a cikin watan Satumba 1954, ya koma Mexico City.

Saba da Cuban yunkuri

A Mexico babban birnin kasar, Guevara kokarin samun wani aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida. Ya rubuta wata kasida a kan gwaji na {asar Guatemala da suka faru, amma sai aka ba shige. A 'yan watanni sanã'anta Argentina daukar hoto. Sa'an nan, ya mai tsaro a cikin wallafe-wallafe gidan ginin. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1955, Ernesto Che Guevara, wanda sirri rayuwa ne hasken alheri lokaci, aure. A Mexico City, to shi daga kasar zo amarya Hilda Gadea. M jobs wuya taimaki hijira yi iyakar saduwa. A karshe, Ernesto zaunar da hamayya a birnin asibiti, inda ya fara aiki a sashen rashin lafiyan.

A watan Yuni na shekarar 1955, Guevara zuwa likita saduwa zo samari biyu. A da Cuban yunkuri wanda aka ƙoƙarin kifar da 'yan qasar tsibirin na kama karya Batista. A cikin shekaru biyu kafin haihuwa gwamnatin abokan adawar farmaki da Moncada Barikin, bayan abin da suka kasance kokarin da tsare. A kan Hauwa'u na da wani afuwa da aka ba, da kuma yunkuri fara garken zuwa Mexico City. A lokacin da ya fitina a Latin America Ernesto gana da yawa Cubans Socialists. Daya daga cikin tsofaffin abokai ya zo duba shi, gayyace su shiga a cikin mai zuwa soja balaguro zuwa Caribbean tsibirin.

A 'yan kwanaki baya Argentina farko ya gana da Raul Castro. Ko sa'an nan, likita da aka ƙaddara wa ba su yarda su shiga a cikin hari. A watan Yuli, 1955, a Mexico zo daga Amurka babban dan'uwa Raul. Fidel Castro da kuma Ernesto Che Guevara ya zama protagonists na game da juyin juya halin. Su na farko taron ya faru a daya daga cikin hadari gidaje Cubans. Kashegari, Guevara zama memba na balaguro a matsayin likita. Neman mayar a kan cewa lokaci, Fidel Castro daga baya yarda cewa Che Cuban gwarazansa mafi gane da msar tambayar da akida tambayoyi na juyin juya halin.

guerilla yaki

Shirya don gudãna zuwa Cuba, mambobi na "Yuli 26 Movement" (title na kungiyar, karkashin jagorancin Fidel Castro) fuskanci yawa matsaloli. A cikin sahu na yunkuri infiltrated provocateur wanda sanar da hukumomin game da m ayyuka daga kasashen waje. Summer na 1956, 'yan sanda sun kai samame Mexico bayan da' yan maƙarƙashiya, ciki har da Fidel Castro da kuma Ernesto Che Guevara, da aka kama. A lokacin Batista gwamnatin abokan adawar fara shiga sanannun jama'a da kuma al'adu Figures. A sakamakon haka, yunkuri da aka saki. Guevara ya ciyar a lokacin da ake tsare da fiye da sauran gwarazansa (57 days), kamar yadda ya aka tuhuma da doka kan iyaka.

A karshe, cikin expeditionary karfi bar Mexico da kuma jirgin ya tafi zuwa kasar Cuba. Tashi ya faru Nuwamba 25, 1956. Gaba da aka yi watanni ana yaƙin basasa. Zuwan Castro magoya bayan a tsibirin hadari shipwreck. Detachment, kunsha na 82 da suka bayyana a mangoro. Its jirgin sama farmaki gwamnati. Karkashin wuta kashe rabin na balaguro, biyu dozin mutane da aka dauka fursuna. A karshe, yunkuri dauki tsari a cikin Sierra Maestra. Lardin manoma goyon bayan guerrillas, Muka tattara su da kuma abinci. Wani hadari havens sun zama kogwanni da kuma mai karko dutse kafa.

A farkon shekarar 1957 Batista ta abokan adawar lashe a farko nasara, inda suka kashe biyar gwamnati da sojoji. Ba da da ewa, wasu membobin tawagar sauko da zazzabin cizon sauro. Na yi daga gare su, da kuma Ernesto Che Guevara. Guerrilla yaki tilasta don amfani da hatsarin mutuwa. Kowace rana, da maza da aka za a yi wani m barazana. Che yi yaƙi da insidious cuta, otlezhivayas a cikin bukkoki na manoma. Gwarazansa sau da yawa gan shi yana zaune tare da wani rubutu ko wani littafin. Blog Guevara daga baya ya zama tushen nasa tunanin na yaƙin basasa, da aka buga bayan nasarar juyin juya halin.

By karshen shekara ta 1957, 'yan tawayen sun sarrafawa duwãtsu na Sierra Maestra. A tawagar aka infused tare da sabon masu sa kai daga gida al'umma wanda ake m tare da Batista tsarin mulki. A lokaci guda, Fidel sanya wani Ernesto Major (Kwamandan). Che Guevara aka umarta ta raba shafi, wanda kunshi 75 mutane. Karkashin kasa dadin goyon bayan kasashen waje. Sun shiga cikin duwatsu American 'yan jarida, shi ne samuwa a Amurka rahoton game da "Yuli 26 Movement".

Comandante ba kawai ya jagoranci yãƙi, amma kuma ya jagoranci bayar da shawarwari. Ernesto Che Guevara shi ne shugaban edita na "Free Cuba". Its farko da lambar da aka rubuta da hannu, sa'an nan da 'yan tawayen gudanar a samu wani hectograph.

Nasara a kan Batista

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1958 ya kaddamar da wani sabon zamani na yaƙin yaƙi. Castro ta magoya bayan fara barin duwãtsu da kwaruruka yi. Summer da aka kafa barga dangantaka da Cuban gurguzu a cikin birane inda yajin fara fito fili. Detachment na Che Guevara a lura da m a Las Villas lardin. Cigaban tsawon kilomita 600, a watan Oktoba na wannan rundunar soja ta kai Escambray dutsen iyaka da kuma bude wani sabon gaban. Domin Batista halin da ake ciki an samun mafi muni - Hukumomin Amurka sun ki bayar da shi tare da makamai.

A Las Villas, wanda karshe kafa ikon 'yan tawaye, da aka buga da doka a kan agrarian garambawul - da kawar da gidan haya' kadarori. Course for scrapping na haihuwa patriarchal kwastan a kauyen janyo hankalin a cikin sahu na yunkuri na sabon manoma. A Mafarin rare garambawul da aka Ernesto Che Guevara. Shekaru ransa sai ya ciyar da msar tambayar rubuce-rubucen na Socialists, kuma yanzu honed ya oratory, na kira da'a hadakai talakawa mutane na Cuba a hanyar da ta dace, wadda aka miƙa wa mambobi na "Yuli 26 Movement".

A karshe kuma hukunci fadace-fadace ya yakin Santa Clara. Yana fara a kan Disamba 28, kuma ya ƙare tare da nasarar da 'yan tawayen Janairu 1, 1959. A 'yan sa'o'i bayan da sallama daga cikin sojojin Batista bar Cuba da kuma ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa a gudun hijira. Yãki for Santa Clara ya jagoranci kai tsaye zuwa Che Guevara. 2 Janairu rundunoninsa shiga Havana, inda yunkuri jiran babban rabo yawan jama'a.

sabon rai

Bayan da shan kashi na Batista ta jaridu a fadin duniya da aka tambayi wanda da Che Guevara fiye da sanannen madugun 'yan tawayen da kuma abin da da siyasa nan gaba? A watan Fabrairu 1959, Fidel Castro ta gwamnatin ayyana kasa na kasar Cuba. Sa'an nan Guevara ya fara amfani da su a sa hannu shahara prefix "Che", tare da abin da ya gangara a tarihi.

Lokacin da sabon gwamnatin jiya 'yan tawayen aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na National Bank (1959 - 1961) da kuma Ministan Masana'antu (1961 - 1965). A shekara ta farko bayan nasarar juyin juya halin, ya zama wani jami'in da dukan duniya yawon shakatawa, a lokacin da ya ziyarci Misira, da Sudan, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Burma, Japan, Morocco, Spain da kuma {asar Yugoslavia. Har ila yau, a watan Yuni 1959, Amirul remarried. Matarsa zama memba na "da Yuli 26 Movement" Aleida Maris. Yara daga Ernesto Che Guevara (Aleida, Camilo, Celia, Ernesto) da aka haifa a wani aure da wannan mace (sai ga 'yarsa na Hilda).

Jihar aiki

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1961, a karshe fadi fita da Castro American shugabannin kaddamar da aiki a cikin Bay na Aladu. A Liberty Island, ya sauka maƙiyi saukowa. Har zuwa karshen na aiki Che Guevara ya jagoranci sojojin a daya daga cikin lardunan kasar Cuba. A Amirka, shirin ya gaza, da kuma gurguzu gwamnati a Havana ne kiyaye.

A cikin fall na Che Guevara ziyarci Gabas Jamus, Czechoslovakia da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. A Tarayyar Soviet, ya tawagar sanya hannu a kwangila a kan samar da Cuban sugar. Moscow kuma yi wa'adi ga Liberty Island kudi da fasaha taimako. Ernesto Che Guevara, da ban sha'awa facts wanda zai iya dokoki ne a raba littafin, ya halarci a cikin farati, sadaukar da ranar tunawa da Oktoba juyin juya halin. Cuban baƙi tsaya a kan dandamali na kabarin gaba da Nikitoy Hruschevym da kuma sauran 'yan Politburo. Daga bisani, Guevara ya akai-akai ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet.

A matsayin ministan, Che tsanani sake su hali zuwa gwamnatocin gurguzu kasashen. Ya aka husãtar da cewa manyan kwaminisanci jihohin (musamman Tarayyar Soviet da kuma China) sun kafa su wuya barter sharuddan da tallafi kananan abokan, abin da ya Cuba.

A shekarar 1965, a lokacin ziyarar da Algiers, Guevara sanya wani sanannen jawabin da ya soki Moscow da Beijing don bautar hali ga 'yan'uwa kasashen. Wannan episode ya nuna sake wanda da Che Guevara fiye da shahara, kuma wanda ya ga suna da wannan sauyi. Ya ba waive su ka'idodin, ko da idan ya yi tafiya zuwa rikici da majiɓinta. Wani dalili na damunsu Comandante shi ne unwillingness na gurguzu sansanin to rayayye shiga tsakani a cikin sabon yankin juyin juya halin.

Balaguro zuwa Afirka

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1965 Che Guevara shi ne a cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo. Wannan tsakiyar Afirka da aka ta shiga wani rikicin siyasa, da kuma a cikin jungles ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, ya kira domin kafa gurguzanci a mahaifarsa. Comandante zo a Congo tare da daruruwan more Cuban. Ya taimaka wajen tsara boye, shared tare da su kansa kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a lokacin yaki da Batista.

Ko da yake Che Guevara sanya a cikin wani sabon kasada dukan ƙarfinsa, da kowane mataki na jiran wani sabon gazawar. A 'yan tawayen ya sha wahala da yawa kashi, da kuma Cuban dangantakar da shugaban na Afirka ta gwarazansa Kabila tafi daidai ba daga farko. Bayan watanni da dama na zubar da jini Congo gwamnati, sun yi tsayayya da Socialists, sanya wasu daidaitawa da warware rikice-rikice. Wani buga wa 'yan tawayen da aka ƙi da na Tanzaniya don samar musu da raya sansanonin. A watan Nuwamba shekarar 1965, Che Guevara bar Congo, kuma bai isa burin ga juyin juya halin.

Da tsare-tsaren da nan gaba

Zama a cikin Afirka daraja Che gaba da zazzabin cizon sauro. Bugu da kari, aggravated fuka, daga abin da ya sha wahala tun farkon yara. A farkon rabin shekarar 1966 Comandante gudanar a asirce a Czechoslovakia, inda yake bi da a daya daga cikin mura na Czechoslovakia. Allaha daga yaki, Latino ci gaba da aiki a kan shiryawa da sabon juyin ko'ina cikin duniya. Fame ya sami ya sanarwa game da bukatar haifar da "da yawa Vietnams", wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne a tsakiyar rikici tsakanin biyu manyan duniya a tsarin siyasa.

A lokacin rani na 1966 Kwamandan koma zuwa Cuba da kuma gangarawa da shirye-shirye domin yaƙin yaƙin neman zaɓe a Bolivia. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, wannan yaki shi ne na karshe a gare shi. A watan Maris shekarar 1967, shugaban kasar na Bolivia Barrientos ya razana su koyi na mataki a kasarsa guerrillas, watsi a cikin Jungle na gurguzu Cuba.

Don rabu da "ja barazana", da siyasa nemi taimako daga Washington. A fadar White House, an yanke shawarar yin amfani da da Che ta naúrar musamman CIA raka'a. Ba da da ewa a kan lardin kauyuka a cikin kusanci da abin da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu suka fara bayyana leaflets warwatse daga iska da sako na sakamako mai girma ga kisan wani Cuban neman sauyi.

mutuwa

Total Che Guevara a Bolivia ciyar watanni 11. Duk da yayin da ya sa wani Littãfi, wanda bayan mutuwarsa aka buga a littafin form. A hankali, da Bolivia gwamnati fara takura wa 'yan tawayen. raka'a biyu, bayan da kwamandan zauna a kusan duka kadaici da aka lalata. Oktoba 8, 1967, ya kuma da dama sahabbansa da aka kewaye. Biyu an kashe mahara. Mutane da yawa suka ji rauni, ciki har da Ernesto Che Guevara. Ya mutu a neman sauyi, ya zama sananne ta cikin tunaninsu da dama shaidu.

Guevara tare da ya comrades karkashin rakiya aka aika zuwa kauyen La Higuera, inda 'yan sarƙa akwai wani wuri a cikin wani karamin Adobe gini ne mai gida makaranta. Karkashin kasa kãma Bolivia tawagar, wadda gama a kan Hauwa'u na horo shirya da soja shawara aika da CIA. Che ki amsa tambayoyi jami'an yi magana ne kawai tare da sojoji da kuma lokaci-lokaci tambayi hayaki.

A safiyar 9 ga watan Oktoba, a kauyen na Bolivia babban birnin kasar zo da umarni ga kashe da Cuban neman sauyi. A wannan rana kuma ya aka harbe. Jiki aka hawa zuwa gari da ke kusa, inda gawar Guevara aka sa a kan nuni da mazauna yankin da kuma 'yan jarida. The jiki, bisa hannun ya yi amfani da yatsansa zuwa hukumance tabbatar da mutuwar 'yan tawayen. Ragowar da aka binne shi a asirce kaburbura.

Binne gano a 1997 godiya ga kokarin American 'yan jarida. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya rage na Che kuma da dama daga sahabbansa da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Cuba. Akwai su da aka sani aikata wa duniya. Kabarin inda ya binne Ernesto Che Guevara, located in Santa Clara - birnin da Comandante ya lashe babbar nasara a 1959.