A karshe sarki na kasar Sin, sunan, biography

A karshe sarki na kasar Sin - PU Yi - wani wurin hutawa adadi a cikin tarihin kasar Sin. A lokacin mulkinsa, kasar suka hankali canza kama daga monarchical zuwa gurguzu, daga baya ya zama wani tsanani player a cikin duniya fagen fama.

name Meaning

A China, ba shi yiwuwa su ambaci sunan sarki, aka ba shi a haifi - shi ne mai ƙarni-old hadisin. A karshe sarki na sunan wani laifin China, m ga monarch - "Syuantun" ( "gama").

iyali

Last Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin shi ne ainihin Sinawa da aka ba. Iyalinsa Aisin Gioro ( «Golden tseren") mallakar Manchu daular Qing, wanda ya mulki a wancan lokacin, fiye da shekara ɗari biyar.

Uba PU na Zaifeng, Prince chun, aka gudanar da wani babban matsayi a cikin ikon high-ranking (na biyu Grand Duke), amma sarki ba ya. Kullum, da mahaifin PU na ikon da kuma watsi da duk wani harkokin siyasa.

Uwar PU na Yulan da wani gaske manly hali. Tãyar da mahaifin-general, ta sa a karkashin iko da duka na sarki kotu da kuma hukunta 'yar alamar laifi. Wannan abin ya shafa duka biyu ma'aikata da mutane a zahiri Yulan daidaita a status. BãyinSa, babani, ta iya da za a kashe domin wani bai gamsu da ta look, da kuma sau daya ko doke 'yar.

Direct mulkin kasar Sin ya Uncle PU Yi, kazalika da dan uwan Tszayfena - Tszaytyan, daga baya ya kira "Guangxu". Shi ne ya gaje shi kuma ya zama na karshe Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin.

yara

PU Yi ya tãka zuwa kursiyin a farkon shekaru biyu. Bayan haka, na karshe Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin (shekaru na rayuwa: 1906-1967) da aka hawa zuwa haramta City - mazaunin hukuncin personages na kasar Sin.

PU Yi shi ma quite m da wani tunanin yaro, don haka motsi zuwa wani sabon wuri da kuma sa kambi bai sa shi kõme ba, fãce da hawaye.

A kira ya sa. Bayan mutuwarsa a 1908 Tszaytyanya saboda haka ya faru da cewa yaro mai shekara tafi Empire, mired a bashi, talauci da barazanar rushewar. Dalilin wannan ya quite sauki: mulki Yulan kafa da ra'ayin cewa Tszaytyan lalace hankali, da kuma sanya sabõda haka, ya gaje shi aka nada dan wani dan uwan na mulki sarki, wanda ya PU Yi

A sakamakon haka, yaron sanya wani regent mahaifinsa, ba kyalkyali tanadi ko siyasa savvy, sa'an nan ba daban-daban mai-inna Lun Yu daga gare shi. Ina mamaki da abin da mahaifina PU na kusan taba gani a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, ko a samartaka.

Ya kamata a lura cewa PU Yi kasance, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yaro kiwon lafiya (sai dai matsalolin cikinsa), m kuma fun. Mafi yawan lokaci a cikin haramta City na yara sarki ya ciyar a kotu babani da wasanni da kuma yi magana da ma'aikatan aikin jinya, a kusa da shi zuwa shekaru takwas.

Musamman game da tsõro PU na samu kafin ake kira dattijo uwa Duan Kan. Yana da wannan m mace ta koyar kadan PU na zama zaznaykoy ba wulakanta makwabta.

Juyin mulkin soja da kuma abdication

A karshe sarki na kasar Sin, wanda biography ya ɓullo da wani sosai ban tausayi da dokokinta ne negligible - kadan a kan shekaru uku (3 shekaru da kuma 2 months). Bayan da Xinhai juyin juya halin na 1911 Lun Yu hannu cikin aikin abdication (a 1912).

A sabuwar gwamnatin da ya bari a baya PU na fadar sarki da sauran gata, wanda dogara da wani babban personage. Kila shafi girmamawa ga ikon cewa shi ne muhimmi a kasar Sin DNA. Musamman karin bambanci ga kasar Sin da juyin juya halin daga Soviet, inda Jam'iyyar iyali na Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II da aka bi da bisa ga dokokin na mulkin kama karya, kuma ba tare da wani ambato na bil'adama.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin sabuwar gwamnatin da ya bar PU Na hakkin ya sami ilimi. Last Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin tare da shekaru goma sha huɗu karatu Turanci, ya kuma san yadda za a Manchu da Sin. By tsoho, a haɗe da kuma Dokoki Konufutsiya. Turanci malami PU Yi, Rezhninald Johnston, sanya shi a real Westerner kuma ko da ya ba shi a Turai sunan - Henry. Ina mamaki da abin da alama 'yan qasar harsuna PU Yi bai so, kuma Kã sanar da sosai ba tare da so (kowace shekara iya bincika kawai game da talatin kalmomi), yayin da Turanci, tare da Johnston sanar da tsananin kulawa da kuma himma.

PU Yi aure quite farkon, a shekara goma sha shida, da 'yar wani babban jami'in Wang Rong. Duk da haka, da shari'a da matarsa PU na bai gamsu, don haka a matsayin lover (ko ƙwaraƙwarai) ya dauki wani Wen Xiu.

Babu wani abu (da wanda) undisturbed da sarki ya rayu da wannan hanya har sai 1924, lokacin da Jamhuriyar Al'ummar China sun daidaita shi zuwa ga sauran jama'a. PU Yi da matarsa dole ya bar An haramta City.

Manchukuo

Bayan niyya ga fitar da hereditary kadarori PU na tafi dake arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin - territtoriyu, sarrafawa da Japan sojojin. A 1932 akwai aka kafa a kusan-jihar kira Manchukuo. Shi ne ya m kuma ya zama na karshe Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin. Tarihi, duk da haka, wannan shafin an dan lokaci shagaltar da yankunan kasar Sin da aka quite faɗi. Real ikon, kamar a kwaminisanci China, PU Yi a Manchukuo ba. Duk wani takardun da ya yi ba karanta da kuma sanya hannu su ba tare da neman, kusan a karkashin karantawa na Japan "mashawarci". Kamar Nicholas II, wanda PU Yi aka ba halitta a real shugabanci, musamman a cikin irin wannan babbar matsala da. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance a Manchukuo karshe sarki na kasar Sin zai sake komawa zuwa saba rayuwa, da kuma wanda ya kai ga yakin duniya na biyu.

New zama "sarki" ya zama birnin Changchun. A ƙasa na wannan kusan-jihohin da aka quite tsanani - fiye da daya murabba'in kilomita miliyan da kuma yawan jama'ar da 30 da mutane miliyan. Af, saboda da maras amincewa da League of Nations Manchukuo Japan dole ya bar kungiyar da cewa ya zama samfur na MDD. More m cewa for shekaru goma, har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu, tare da Manchukuo kulla dangantakar diplomasiyya tare da yawan Turai da kuma kasashen Asiya. Su ne, misali, karfe Italiya, Romania, Faransa, Denmark, Croatia, Hong Kong.

Abin mamaki, a zamanin mulkin PU Yi na Manchukuo tattalin arzikin thrived. Wannan ya faru saboda da manyan kudi zuba jari a kasar Japan a yankin: ƙãra karafa (tama, kwal), wajen samar da aikin noma da kuma manyan masana'antu.

Har ila yau, PU Yi aka sosai m da Japan Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito. Saboda ganawa da shi PU I sau biyu ziyarci Japan.

Soviet talala

A shekarar 1945 da Red Army koro Japan sojojin su daga gabashin kan iyakar da ya tafi Manchukuo. Yana da aka shirya cewa PU Yi za a gaggawa aika zuwa Tokyo. Duk da haka, Soviet sojojin komai a fili Mukden, kuma PU Yi aka dauka ta jirgin sama zuwa Tarayyar Soviet. Ya aka yi kokari domin "laifukan yaki" ko, a maimakon haka, saboda yana da wani yar tsana da Japan gwamnati.

Da farko, da ƙarshe sarki na kasar Sin da ke cikin Chita, inda ya kuma yi wasiyya da kuma ɗauke shi zuwa gadi. Chita ya aka hawa zuwa Khabarovsk, inda ya aka gudanar a wani POW sansanin darajoji. Akwai PU Yi kasance a kananan mãkirci na ƙasar a kan wanda ya iya tafiyar da aikin lambu.

A Tokyo aiwatar PU Na bayyana a matsayin mai shaida, kuma ya bãyar da shaida a kan Japan. Don komawa baya zuwa kasar Sin, ya ba ya so, a karkashin wani yanayi, don haka tsanani dauke motsi zuwa Amurka, ko da Burtaniya. Sin aristocrat ya ji tsoron sabon gwamnatin kasar Sin, a karkashin jagorancin Mao Zedong. Kudi a kan tafi, ya yi, kamar yadda duk Jewels zauna tare da shi. A Chita PU I ko da kokarin ratsa cikin Soviet m wasika, wanda aka jawabi ga shugaban kasar Amurka Geri Trumenu, amma shi bai faru ba.

Koma zuwa China

A 1950, Soviet hukumomin bayar PU na kasar Sin. Akwai, tsohon sarki aka hukunci da labarin "laifukan yaki." Babu ware domin shi, ba shakka, aka ba bayar. PU Yi zama talakawa fursunoni ba tare da wani gata. Duk da haka, ya sosai zare jiki ya dauki dukan wahalar da kurkuku rayuwa.

Duk da yake a tsare, PU Yi rabin na aiki lokaci ciyar a kan samar da kwalaye da pencils da sauran - nazarin akidar gurguzu bisa ga ayyukan Karl Marx da Vladimir Lenin. Tare da sauran fursunoni PU Yi halarci gina filin wasan kurkuku, da ma'aikata, da kuma rayayye tsara da kyau ƙasa.

A cikin kurkuku, PU Yi dandana rabuwarsa da uku matarsa, Li Yuqin.

Bayan shekaru tara a kurkuku PU Yi aka yi ahuwar ne ga mai kyau hali, da kuma akida reeducation.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Warware, PU Yi yana zaune a Beijing. Ya kama aikin a Botanical Garden, inda ya shiga a cikin namo orchids. A nan, sha'awa, shi ya taimaka zauna a Soviet talala, inda PU Yi shi ma kusa da ƙasa.

Ya ba wani abu ba riya ko bukaci wani abu. A tattaunawar da ya kasance m, tausasawa, fitaccen tufafin.

Rawar da talakawa Sin jama'a ba sosai cike da hushi PU Yi Ya karanta abin da yake kusa da zuciya, da kuma aiki a kan biography mai taken "Daga Sarkin sarakuna to Citizen".

A shekarar 1961, PU Yi shiga cikin CCP da kuma zama memba na jihar Archives. A shekaru 58 da ya, a cikin appendage da posts a cikin archive, ya koma Sin shawara kan harkokin siyasa na MDD.

A karshen rayuwar PU na sadu da hudu (kuma na karshe) matarsa, da wanda ya rayu har zuwa karshen kwanaki. Sunanta ya Lee Shuasyan. Ta yi aiki a matsayin nas da kuma sauki daraja haihuwa ba fariya. Lee ya yawa ƙaramin PU Yi, a 1962, ta kasance kawai 37 shekaru da haihuwa. Amma duk da a tsanani bambanci a shekaru, ma'auratan rayu biyar farin ciki da shekaru, har a shekarar 1967, PU Yi shige daga daga hanta ciwon daji.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Lee Shuasyan shi ne kawai matar wani Sin mace, PU Yi ga 'yan qasar na Manchuria, ba shakka, unprecedented.

Kashe kudi a kan PU jana'izar da kuma ɗauki wani PDA, ta haka ya nuna girmamawa ga karshe sarki na kasar Sin. Jiki aka cremated.

Yara a PU Yi kasance ba daga daya daga cikin mata hudu.

Shin Shuasyan mutu a 1997, tsira da mijinta domin talatin da shekaru.

PU Yi a cinema

A tarihin PU Yi kasance haka da farin ciki, da cewa shi aka halitta bisa ga zanen "The Last Sarkin sarakuna". A fim game da karshe sarki na kasar Sin ya ɗauki Italian darektan Bernardo Bertolucci a shekarar 1987.

Film sukar relished da labarin, wanda aka hannu na karshe sarki na kasar Sin: fim samu kusan matsakaicin daraja.

A hoto wata babbar nasara: lashe "Oscar", a tara Categories, "Golden duniya" a cikin hudu, da kuma "Cesar" Award "Felix" da "Grammy" da kuma wata lambar yabo daga Japan Academy Awards.

Wannan na karshe sarki na kasar Sin, cikin fim wanda aka haka nasarar juya immortalized a duniya na art.

ayukan hutu

Tun suna yara, PU Yi aka fascinated da duniya a kusa da su. Ya aka janyo hankalin da dabbobi kallo, wanda ya dearly ƙaunar. Little PU Yi kaunace yi wasa tare da raƙuma, kallon ganin yadda za a shirya live tururuwa bred earthworm. A nan gaba, a so domin yanayi ya zama kawai karfi, a lokacin da PU Yi zama wani ma'aikaci na Botanical lambu.

Darajar wani misali a tarihin PU Yi

Misali PU Yi ne sosai halayyar da tarihi aiwatar da marigayi XIX - farkon XX karni. Daular, kazalika da yawan Turai, ba msa da gwajin na sabon lokaci kuma ba zai iya amsa wa gaggawa da kira.

Last Sin sarki PU Kuma wanda biography ya wuya da kuma ban tausayi, ya a wasu hanya a yi garkuwa da su tarihi.

Kuma bã dõmin da tattalin arziki da yanayin da kasar Sin ta don haka nauyi da kuma ciki feuds tsakanin manyanmu karfi isa, watakila, PU Yi ƙarshe iya zama mafi Turai na Asian wadanada. Duk da haka, shi ya juya waje daban. A tsawon lokaci, PU Yi kyau Fit a kommunististicheskuyu jam'iyyar da kuma fara kare biyan bukatunsu.